Motivational Program Research Articles

Management and development of a residential energy storage system: A case study Jordan

The use of renewable energy generation (REG) and energy storage systems (ESSs) strategies have a considerable possibility in delivering resilience for renewable energy sources (RESs). Thus, combining REG and ESSs strategies to fix operational, economic, ecological, and power-concerning governmental issues have been received particular concern from power system (PS) operators and planners globally. In this concern, developing countries (Jordan), which are poor in traditional energy resources, have proposed different supportive issues and experiences for the common use of ESSs strategies in the situation of distribution PSs. Therefore, this article performs a universal solution to this problem possessed to construct the infrastructure substantially to achieve high penetration of RE in the PS. Based on this, the article firstly studies the necessity of using REG and ESSs strategies in RE-based distribution PS. So, the current approaches and motivation programs used in various countries for the growth of RERs in optimum composition with ESSs and REG strategies are offered. The results of this study suggest that the use of an ESS is very important for the management and development of residential Solar Energy (SE) applications. Most respondents (85.3%) said that the use of a domestic ESS is critical to the management and growth of demand and supply for RE. To improve main grid efficiency and reduce demand for conventional power supplies, Jordanian engineers and experts recommend that consumers should install ES devices in their homes.

MULTIVARIABLE COMPONENTS OF INTERESTS OF PERSONALITY AS PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY CONSTITUENT OF FITNESS AND RECREATION

Introduction. The structure of components of interests of personality is considered In the article, as a psychophysiology constituent of fitness and recreations soil of that is a healthy way of life. At the same time, researchers among the factors of recreation and healthy way of life on anything estimate such factors as active rest and leisure - from one side, and necessity of the regular engaging in physical exercises - from other, thus these factors need a study and analysis, in fact understanding of the most effective factors, that assist bringing in of people to engaging in motive activity, fitness and recreation is the condition of optimal changes in the health of people, especially on a background a pandemic. In literary sources numerous researches are examined from the study of separate components that is included in the structure of personality, orientation of interests and aspirations of personality, having a special purpose and motivational programs, the level of tastes and attitude toward own is healthyʼI. Among the components of interests to personality distinguish many factors: from the rational planning of vital career and achievement of high quality of life to the psychical and emotional adjusting in a fight against stresses and observance of healthy way of life, but most essential from them - engaging in physical exercises and, on the view of author, does not get the optimal volume of motive activity near-term value. The aim of work is research of the most meaningful components of personality, that assist bringing in of man to the fitness and recreation. Results. Among the multivariable components of interests to personality the rational planning of vital career and achievement of high quality of life, personal hygiene, social activity is considered, high level of the psychical and emotional adjusting in a fight against stresses and pernicious habits, observance of healthy way of life, including engaging in physical exercises and optimal volume of motive activity. All afore-named components of interests of personality are the inalienable psychophysiology constituents of fitness and recreation. But last two factor is a necessity of engaging in physical exercises and observance of optimal volume of motive activity, an author examines as the underestimated factors of recreation, unlike specialists, that into first place put active rest and leisure, that does not need the regular engaging in physical exercises and often in force of mentality of our nation substituted by chaotic departures on nature with shashlicks and alcohol

ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПІДХОДІВ ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ КАДРОВИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ ГОТЕЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ В УМОВАХ ЗОВНІШНІХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article mentions that in today's difficult conditions, approaches to personnel management should be changed. It is described that each innovation is aimed at facilitating the work of employees, improving the provision of services and attracting new guests. The driving force behind the implementation of such innovations is the personnel and their personnel potential. However, in the context of changes in society's demands for the quality and range of hotel services and a highly competitive business environment, hotel managers and HR specialists are faced with an additional difficulty: they have to form teams of employees belonging to different generations with different expectations and work methods. This greatly complicates the selection of personnel, team formation, selection of training and motivation programs for employees, which became the main task investigated in this article. The article states that the sphere of the hotel industry is primarily the sphere of services, the quality of which directly depends on the efficiency of the company's personnel. In such conditions, in our opinion, one of the effective tools that help to understand the fundamental values of people of different ages is the Theory of Generations. The article examines the concept of "quarantine hotels", which were reoriented for temporary accommodation of persons forced to stay in quarantine. These and other studies show that negative changes in the external environment of the hotel business have brought new trends in the system of managing the motivation of personnel potential. In particular, a new norm has appeared - social responsibility in the conditions of quarantine restrictions. This led to an increase in prestige and respect for hotel workers. In other words, the image of the hospitality sector has improved somewhat in terms of the professional identity of the industry, which has become more socially significant in today's society, given the high-risk work environment. In order to ensure the efficiency and coherence of the work of any company of the XXI century. and the development of a new motivation system that takes into account the unstable external environment, the theory of generations should be taken into account and used to obtain a positive result of the hotel business enterprise.

Intangible motivation of the staff of modern enterprises

The motivation of the staff of modern enterprises has changed, and the method of “whip and gingerbread” demotivates employees rather than motivates them. Modern enterprises should use more methods of intangible motivation, which affects the loyalty and involvement of employees, creates in them the sense of security and care on the part of enterprise management. Improving the efficiency of personnel management depends on systematic approach to the application of intangible motivation of employees, the formation of motivational programs for middle management. For this purpose the practitioners advise to pay more attention to the motivation of enterprise managers and use such methods as remote work, extra time off, rapid career growth, tuition fees, opportunities for self-realization. Remote work makes it possible to preserve health and life of employees, encourages them to self-organization, self-control and self-motivation, additional vacations or holidays give employees the opportunity to relax and gain strength, which motivates them to create new ideas. Opportunity for self-realization, pay for training and rapid career growth motivates employees with high potential who can become leaders in the future, continuously learn and improve their competence. The investigation highlights the most common methods of intangible motivation of personnel used in modern enterprises, in particular: public recognition of merit, career planning, delegation of managerial powers, increasing personal responsibility, autonomy in solving tasks, employer brand, improving comfort in the workplace, organization of competitions for the title of the best employee, etc. The recommendations of scientists on the organization of intangible motivation, motivational measures of moral, psychological, organizational and social motivation are given. Measures of moral motivation include praise and recognition; psychological motivation – building the system of values and individual approach to each employee, organizational motivation – improving working conditions, organizing ergonomic space, providing flexible work schedule; social motivation – training of employees, participation in the decision-making process. Analysis of the motivational model of the XXI century, based on the innate human psychological needs of autonomy, purpose and skill, the satisfaction of which results in greater achievements of employees. It is shown that the methods of intangible motivation have positive effect on achieving better results in employees, team building and development, reduce staff turnover, improve product quality (goods, works, services) and increase the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Pharmacy Student's challenges in virtual learning system during the second COVID 19 wave in southern India

The education system has reformed to a new era of virtualization. Students once on-campus had to shift their academic learning to their houses. A web-based questionnaire was prepared and circulated among pharmacy students in Southern India (n = 482) to assess the quality of virtual education and their attitude and acceptance towards the new system during the second wave of COVID 19. Students (n = 183,65.1%) claimed of appreciable quality in the online education system (p < 0.01) and they had improved communication (n = 315,65.3%), presentation (n = 383,79.4%), writing (n = 343,71.1%), computer handling (n = 424,88%) and reading (n = 281,58.1%) skills facilitated by their institution's orientation program. However, 21.6% had poor academic performances triggered by their (n = 147, 30.5%) inability to focus and being inactive (n = 390, 80.9%) the whole day. Moreover, poor internet connectivity (n = 320) and lack of functioning gadgets (n = 198,41%) were the other hindrance factors. Female participants (82.6%), those pursuing a B Pharm degree (50.9%), and those who did not avail financial assistance (73%) were quite satisfied with the current education system (p < 0.05). On the other hand, limited hospital training during the pandemic have led PharmD respondents (n = 86,48.3%) to poor acceptance of the system. Despite these challenges, a large percentage of surveyed participants were keen to collect data from missed online classes, responded well to faculties, were punctual in online classes and academic submissions and marked satisfaction with their institutional attendance criteria (73.5%). A proper educational system with an advanced student monitoring portal, periodical motivation programs, workshops and extra-curricular activities shall keep students focused on their online academic responsibilities.

Research of motivation as an important component mechanism of personnel management

The article examines the theoretical foundations of the concept of personnel management. Personnel management in the structure of modern management can be characterized as one of the most important parts of this system, since in the organizational plan personnel management covers all employees and all units in the organization responsible for personnel work. The structure of modern management takes into account the interrelationship of individual aspects of personnel management and is expressed in the development of final goals, determination of ways to achieve them, creation of an appropriate management mechanism. Personnel management in the organization management system consists of six elements, which are discussed in the article. Personnel management, as a specific activity, is carried out using various methods (methods) of influencing employees, which are defined in the article. One of the methods of influencing employees is motivation. Motivation, as a basic management function, is related to the process of persuading oneself and others to act by creating motives to achieve personal and organizational goals. Two classes of motives affecting human activity were studied: internal (processual and substantive) and external. The article considers the definition of the concept of motivation, defines the main types of personnel motivations: material and non-material. The main means of material and non-material motivation of employees are considered. Another no less important aspect of employee motivation has been studied, which is the establishment of a dialogue between management and staff. Considered an important element of the dialogue between the leader and subordinates is the so-called negative motivation, or criticism of poorly performed work. It was found that the motivation of the staff has a significant impact on the efficiency of the work of the staff and the efficiency of the enterprise, therefore the chosen motivational program should be based on the analysis of the current situation and the desired style of interaction between subordinates. In the article, it is determined that in order to choose a motivational program, motivational monitoring should be carried out, which would create a new information base for making managerial decisions regarding the motivation of professional activity.

Improving Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence Support: The Case for Targeted Behavioral Interventions

Problem definition: Lack of patient adherence to treatment protocols is a main barrier to reducing the global disease burden of tuberculosis (TB). We study the operational design of a treatment adherence support (TAS) platform that requires patients to verify their treatment adherence on a daily basis. Academic/practical relevance: Experimental results on the effectiveness of TAS programs have been mixed; and rigorous research is needed on how to structure these motivational programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. Our analysis establishes that patient engagement can be increased by personal sponsor outreach and that patient behavior data can be used to identify at-risk patients for targeted outreach. Methodology: We partner with a TB TAS provider and use data from a completed randomized controlled trial. We use administrative variation in the timing of peer sponsor outreach to evaluate the impact of personal messages on subsequent patient verification behavior. We then develop a rolling-horizon machine learning (ML) framework to generate dynamic risk predictions for patients enrolled on the platform. Results: We find that, on average, sponsor outreach to patients increases the odds ratio of next-day treatment adherence verification by 35%. Furthermore, patients’ prior verification behavior can be used to accurately predict short-term (treatment adherence verification) and long-term (successful treatment completion) outcomes. These results allow the provider to target and implement behavioral interventions to at-risk patients. Managerial implications: Our results indicate that, compared with a benchmark policy, the TAS platform could reach the same number of at-risk patients with 6%–40% less capacity, or reach 2%–20% more at-risk patients with the same capacity, by using various ML-based prioritization policies that leverage patient engagement data. Personal sponsor outreach to all patients is likely to be very costly, so targeted TAS may substantially improve the cost-effectiveness of TAS programs. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing &amp; Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Funding: The authors are grateful for financial research support from the MIT Sloan Health Systems Initiative. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1046 .

Experimental Research of the Sense-Value Regulation of Future Teachers in Academic and Professional Activity

The research is psychological-pedagogical experiment with factor analysis of value-sense meaningful parameters, preferences, expectations of future teachers (N = 140). The aim is to study the psychological rich in content features of formation of the value-sense sphere of future teachers. Values, while forming in the life experience of the individual, determinate the purpose-oriented and motivational program of behavior and provide sensory regulation of life activity. Personal sense, as a subject determinant, defines the effectiveness of professional activity. The development of system of values and senses is determined by rich in content process, the involvement of students in various types of social activities and purposeful impact by training facilities. Research methods: psychological and pedagogical experiment, standardized tests, factor analysis. The structure of value and sense regulation is determined. The forming stage provided changes in the experimental group (N = 17) from values oriented on social perception to values of personal and professional development. In the control group (N = 19), the dominance of personal comfort values was recorded. Compared to the ascertaining stage, the values of personal- professional development has emerged. The results obtained can be useful to stakeholders, leaders of educational institutions, researchers of self-regulation, axiogenesis, life creation and personality expectations.

Psychological Effects of Motivational Aquatic Resistance Interval Training and Nutritional Education in Older Women.

Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of physical exercise programs on physical and mental health throughout life. It is necessary to know the factors that contribute to the well-being of older adults in order to achieve healthy aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between well-being perception and the use of autonomy supportive coaching behaviours across a motivational aquatic resistance interval training program. Thirty-four women over 65 years of age from the province of Alicante, Spain, participated, and were randomly assigned to: motivational aquatic resistance interval training group (MART; age: 69.6 ± 5.01 years, height: 1.62 ± 7.88 m, weight: 75.3 ± 12.8 kg) and control group (CG; age: 67.7 ± 3.60 years, height: 1.54 ± 5.47 m, weight: 66.9 ± 10.2 kg). The MART program was conducted for 14 weeks, with three training sessions/week. The CG did not perform any physical activity during the study. Perception of autonomy support was assessed through the Autonomy-Supportive Coaching Questionnaire (ASCQ), Psychological needs by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), Intrinsic motivation to exercise was assessed through Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and Perception of Physical Activity by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In MART, compared to CG, significant differences were observed in BPNS, IMI and IPAQ questionnaires used, except in the ASCQ. The differences were significant in all three cases in BPNS (p < 0.05 in autonomy and competence and p = 0.001 in relationship with others), obtaining better scores after intervention than previously. As for the IMI scale, significant differences were also obtained in both subscales. The level of physical activity also improved significantly, with higher scores on the IPAQ after the intervention than before (p < 0.001). In conclusion, when practitioners perceive greater well-being, satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, greater self-selection, volition, and autonomy instead of pressure, demand and control, the result is better behaviour with greater psychological well-being, adherence and consequent health benefits.

Association of Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) Program with m-Health Support on Maternal and Newborn Health.

Maternal and child nutrition has been a critical component of health, sustainable development, and progress in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). While a decrement in maternal mortality is an important indicator, simply surviving pregnancy and childbirth does not imply better maternal health. One of the fundamental obligations of nations under international human rights law is to enable women to endure pregnancy and delivery as an aspect of their enjoyment of reproductive and sexual health and rights and to live a dignified life. The aim of this study was to discover the correlation between the Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) program and m-Health support for maternal and newborn health. A comparative study was done among 196 pregnant mothers (study group—94; control group—102 mothers) with not less than 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes such as Hb and weight gain and newborn results such as birth weight and crown–heel length were obtained at baseline and at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation. Other secondary data collected were abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, major congenital malformations, twin or triplet pregnancies, physical activity, and maternal well-being. The MOM intervention included initial face-to-face education, three in-person visits, and eight virtual health coaching sessions via WhatsApp. The baseline data on Hb of the mothers show that 31 (32.98%) vs. 27 (28.72%) mothers in the study and control group, respectively, had anemia, which improved to 27.66% and 14.98% among study group mothers at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation (p < 0.001). The weight gain (p < 0.001), level of physical activity (p < 0.001), and maternal well-being (p < 0.01) also had significant differences after the intervention. Even after controlling for potentially confounding variables, the maternal food practices regression model revealed that birth weight was directly correlated with the consumption of milk (p < 0.001), fruits (p < 0.01), and green vegetables (p < 0.05). As per the physical activity and maternal well-being regression model, the birth weight and crown–heel length were strongly related with the physical activity and maternal well-being of mothers at 36 weeks of gestation (p < 0.05). Combining the MOM intervention with standard antenatal care is a safe and effective way to improve maternal welfare while upholding pregnant mothers’ human rights.

Motivational programs of the organization and their effectiveness

The article analyzes motivational programs and programs for the involvement of personnel in a real company, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the organization’s employees.

ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА РЕСТОРАННОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

The article is devoted to outlining ways to improve the personnel management system in the field of corporate development of restaurant enterprises, which includes the introduction of innovative technologies of restaurant service, employee training programs to grow professional competencies and personal psychological characteristics, career advancement for the best employees. It is determined that the basic principle of personnel management in restaurants is systemic, so the search for ways to improve management should include consideration of this process as a holistic system, taking into account the relationships between its elements. It is offered to pay special attention to management of processes of communication of the personnel with clients, development of adequate professional behavior in conflict situations. It is proposed to take into account the requirements for staff from the standpoint of consumers, which provide speed and high quality service and the appropriate level of communication, from the standpoint of owners – competencies and knowledge, personal qualities and consumer-oriented behavior, from the standpoint of staff – skills, abilities and motivation. Motivational programs are proposed to focus on the formation of employees’ desire to acquire new knowledge and acquire new skills. To increase the efficiency of personnel management, it is proposed to develop strategies for personnel development and differentiate by strategic and tactical goals. It is proposed to introduce a system of key performance indicators for control in terms of tactical and strategic plans for staff development and the establishment of intermediate control with control points of assessment. It is proposed to evaluate the performance of each category of employees within their functional responsibilities, as well as indicators of staff development of the enterprise as a whole. It is proposed to include qualification, personal, competence and value characteristics, efficiency of activity, reserves of growth of production and social efficiency in the assessment of the efficiency of personnel management of restaurant enterprises. Further research should focus on the study of customer management of restaurant staff.

Employee engagement and its relationship to the organization’s motivational programs

The topic of the article is relevant due to the fact that most organizations use certain incentive programs, but do not know how to properly assess their effectiveness. The article examines such an indicator of the effectiveness of motivational programs as the involvement of employees in their work. After all, employee engagement plays such a big role in today’s competitive business world. And rightly so - the failure or success of an enterprise mainly depends on their employees [1].

GADGET'S MASTER OVER THE ROMP (PARENTAL TENETS ON USAGE OF GADGETS BY CHILDREN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ACTIVITY RELATED TRAUMA)

A survey to evaluate knowledge and perception of parents over child's gadget usage and its inuence over dental trauma.A paper-.ed closed-ended questionnaire was circulated among 107 parents of 5-11-year-old children. the questionnaire was made available to those parents who had reported to the dept of pedodontics, ragas dental college, Chennai with acceptance to participate in the study with subsequent fulllment of inclusion criteria. the questions were majorly involving the inuence of gadgets on dental trauma, screen time, percentage of different types of gadget exposure, need for educational and motivational programs on the benets of minimal gadget usage. The results of the 25 item questionnaire showed that the inuence of gadgets was said to be peaking more and it is considered to be a highly inuential factor on trauma whose incidence reduced as the time of usage and the devices frequently used per day was recorded in this survey (52.3 % of children used gadgets 3 – 4 hours daily and 48.5 % children use smartphones).The survey concluded that the usage of gadgets played an important role in the incidence of traumatic injuries. In contrast, even though it decreased the rate of trauma every pediatric dentist should take into consideration that children are living in a gadget-driven environment that could have a deleterious effect on a healthy body and mind.

Social aspects of increasing environmental efficiency in Kazakhstan cities

Within the framework of the environmental efficiency system, the authors consider such topical social factors for increasing environmental efficiency in Kazakhstan as the quality of environmental education, motivational mechanisms for regulating the problems of sorting secondary raw materials. It is noted that work with the population is becoming colossal in solving environmental problems. The foundations of the urban system and social management in the field of environmental development testify to the serious problem of waste recycling and disposal in Kazakhstan. The authors highlight several eco-projects that help to solve these issues, such as Kazakhstan Waste Recycle, Tazalyk and SMEs that accept recyclable materials, but the figures for unrefined waste in Kazakhstan indicate that the problem is systemic and alarming. As a solution, in addition to the applicable penalties, the authors propose the launch of multi-vector motivational programs integrated into the everyday life of citizens. Such programs are designed to be informative, educational in nature in addition to motivational; they must be scaled up and involve business representatives widely used in the fast moving consumer goods market. It is recommended to give these programs an image republican character to create resonant recognition and use. The paper analyzes the awareness, involvement of the local population in the issues of environmental recycling and waste disposal based on an online survey, and presents a consolidated program for motivating the population. The authors consider the prerequisites for the implementation of these programs, their main characteristics, goals and performance indicators. Key words: waste sorting, waste recycle, green economy, motivation program, ecology.

The Essentiality of Motivation on Librarians Productivity in Nigerian Public Universities

The study examined the essentiality of motivation in enhancing the effectiveness of librarians in Nigerian public universities. It adopted correlation survey research design. Its population consisted of 1,254 librarians in public university libraries in Nigeria, from which 923 were selected using simple random sampling. The research instrument used was a self-developed questionnaire. The study revealed that motivation is necessary in enhancing job performance of librarians in public university libraries in Nigeria. It concluded that contrary to general belief, motivation level of librarians in university libraries was high. It was recommended that university library management should continue to promote values such as improved employee recognition, good leadership style and improved employees’ motivational programmes that would increase productivity of its workforce.

Learned helplessness in public middle schools: The effects of an intervention program based on motivational strategies

In all educational settings, teachers are likely to encounter learners with different emotional and cognitive characteristics, particularly learners who are demotivated or disengaged and as a result misbehave in the classroom. Learned helplessness (LH) is associated with such emotional and motivational deficits in academic performance. This study investigated the feelings of LH experienced by secondary students in the public middle schools of Iran. To this end, we administered the Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS) and the Student Behavior Checklist (SBC) to 154 students in a public middle school in Tehran. We identified 58 students (aged 13–15 years) with school-related LH and randomly assigned them to the control and experimental groups. These students participated in a motivational intervention program based on Dörnyei’s motivational strategies (MSs) with social reinforcement integrated into the English language classroom to improve their academic performance and alleviate feelings of helplessness. The results revealed positive effects of the program on the participants’ academic achievement and experienced LH. The delayed posttests also showed acceptable durability effects of the program six months after the intervention. It was found that the teacher and his practices in the classroom could be an effective means of alleviating LH in public schools. Further implications are discussed.

Public Relations and New Media in Employee Relations for Enhancing Employee’s Loyalty During the Pandemic

The Covid 19 pandemic occurred nowadays has resulted in many employees resigning due to discomfort at work. Therefore, every company needs to carry out an employee relations program to increase employee’s loyalty, especially during this pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the employee’s loyalty which was formed by the implementation of the employee relations program carried out by Public Relations using new media during the pandemic. Data collection is done by conducting observations, documentation, and interviews. The results of this study shows that there are five forms of employee relations programs done to increase employee’s loyalty, among others, education and training programs, outstanding work motivation programs, award programs, special event programs, and internal communication media programs. The success of those employee relations program are shown by a decrease in the percentage of employee resignation, from 40% to 20% in one year. Evidence of employee’s loyalty formed by the employee relations program can also be seen from several attitudes and actions of employees that include obedience and compliance, responsibility, willingness to cooperate, sense of belonging, interpersonal relationships, and fondness for work. In addition, personal touch to employees has the greatest impact to increase employee’s loyalty to the Company.

Effects of social support in an academic context on low-grade inflammation in high school students.

Bolstering academic motivation is a high priority in school settings, but some evidence suggests this could take a toll on students' physical health. To address this, this study compared the effects of an experimental manipulation of academic motivation alone (AM) to academic motivation enhanced with social support (SS + AM) on markers of inflammation in a sample of 80 high school 9th graders. Outcomes included low-grade inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); a motivation measure; and grade point average (GPA), taken at baseline and follow-up (beginning and end of school year, respectively). Students in the SS + AM condition had lower levels of inflammation at follow-up (covarying baseline levels) compared to those in the AM condition. The two groups were equivalent on motivation and GPA at follow-up. This preliminary study suggests that incorporating social support into academic motivation programs has the potential to benefit inflammatory markers in young people while allowing them to maintain positive academic outcomes.

Implementation of solar energy in smart cities using an integration of artificial neural network, photovoltaic system and classical Delphi methods

Energy supply of megacities is considered as an active research topic in the new aspects of urban management, especially in developing countries like Iran. With an introduction to the sustainable development goals, the smart city concept presents a novel idea for providing energy in a city with the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), renewable energy, such as Photovoltaic (PV) technologies, and Transformational Participation (TP) based on motivational programs for citizens. This study aims to evaluate the electrical energy consumption in Mashhad, Iran, based on machine learning tools and present the dynamic strategies for promoting citizens’ willingness for renewable energy generation based on the experts’ knowledge. The main novelty of this research is simultaneous application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and statistical analysis for creating a Decision Support System (DSS). Then, the solar energy potential is appraised by the PV system simulation tool during one year in our case study in Mashhad, Iran. Furthermore, a Classical Delphi (CD) method is applied for motivational strategies and further TP implementation. In particular, the motivational strategies are suggested by 45 experts and then are prioritized in sequential expert meetings. The outcomes of this research indicate that the ANN model can successfully forecast the electrical energy consumption in summer and winter periods with a 99% accuracy. Then, based on the solar energy computations in the PV system, the peak of electrical energy consumption can be controlled in the hottest and coldest months. Last but not least, the superposition of experts’ and citizens’ opinions reveal A4 (sharing benefits of optimized costs with the citizens by solar energy generation), B2 (reducing the electrical energy cost for solar energy generation, especially in peak times) and C1 (creating the energy coin in the city with credits instead of spending money in urban activities fits to solar energy generation) as the main motivational strategies for solar energy generation in short, middle and long-term planning horizons.