Behavior Motivation Research Articles

Judges, Out-Of-Court Rewards, and In-Court Behavior: Evidence From an Italian Legal Reform

We empirically assess how out-of-court monetary rewards influence related in-court judicial behavior. In Italy, before a legal reform, Council of State judges were chosen by big law firms to serve as arbitrators in out-of-court arbitrations involving big law firm clients. Drawing on case-level data on Council decisions and using a difference-in-differences approach, we establish three central findings. First, before the legal reform, and consistent with the argument that judges strove to compensate big law firms for afforded out-of-court earning opportunities, big law firms were more likely to win Council cases when those cases were presided over by judges with prior arbitration experience. Second, as a result of a 2010 announcement of an anticorruption law reform that banned judicial participation in arbitrations, big law firms’ winning prospects in Council cases presided by judges with prior arbitration experience decreased by 33.4 percentage points. Third, following the law’s enactment, the success rate of big law firms in these cases converged to the success rate of big law firms in analogous court cases presided by judges without prior arbitration experience. Our analysis provides evidence of the importance of extrinsic motives for judicial behavior.

The influence of promotion mix, brand image, and level of motivation on repurchase intentions through the decision to stay at Grand Wahid Salatiga Hotel

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted the tourism sector, especially the hotel industry in Indonesia. Restrictions on travel and community activities have drastically declined hotel room occupancy rates and overall hotel industry revenues. This research aims to understand to what extent the Grand Wahid Hotel Salatiga can survive and strengthen its existence after the COVID-19 pandemic. With a focus on the influence of the promotional mix on the decision to stay at a hotel, this research involves analysis of promotional aspects, brand image and consumer behavioural motivation. This approach will provide deeper insight into the strategies needed to recover and strengthen the hospitality industry after the pandemic. This research uses an explanatory research method, with quantitative data used. The data collection technique used non-probability sampling techniques, using 100 respondents who had stayed at the Grand Wahid Hotel Salatiga, and then the data was analysed using SEM-PLS. The results show that promotional mix, brand image and consumer motivation significantly influence decisions. Within the framework of Planned Behavior theory, the findings highlight the role of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control in influencing individuals' intentions to stay at a hotel. This research concludes that the promotional mix positively affects the decision to stay at the Grand Wahid Hotel Salatiga, indicating that the more promotional media there are, the more respondents' interest will increase. A good brand image and superior service quality also positively influence the decision to stay.

The Role of Parental Health Literacy in Establishing Health-Promoting Habits in Early Childhood.

In early childhood, children are extremely susceptible to the acquisition of habits and the establishment of health-promoting habits. Therefore, the patterns, routines, and rules transmitted and expected by the adults surrounding the child are of paramount importance and can correlate with the level of their health literacy. Our cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory study aimed to examine the relationships between parental health literacy and preschool children's health-related habits, using simple, non-random sampling (n = 598). In addition to the sociodemographic characteristics, the measuring tool we compiled included the standardized European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16), as well as a set of questions containing 30 statements suitable for exploring children's habit systems. The health literacy of the parents involved in our study proved to be more favorable than that of the general population. Regarding children's habit systems, we found significant differences in several areas by age group (p < 0.05) and gender (p < 0.05). The levels of parental health literacy (0.003 ≤ p ≤ 0.048) and parents' education (p < 0.05) show a correlation with the children's health-related habit systems: the indicators of children with parents who have a higher level of health literacy and a higher level of education are more favorable in terms of established habits. In the long term, the formation of health-promoting habits may facilitate the internalization of favorable health behavior motives for the future, contributing to the establishment of positive physical, mental, and social health in adulthood.

Emotional analysis of multiplayer online battle arena games addiction.

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games have garnered widespread popularity as a form of recreational activity. The launch of League of Legends (LoL), a prominent MOBA game, has captivated the enthusiastic pursuit of gamers in the MOBA community. The surge in MOBA game fervor, coupled with the influence of personal emotions, can result in excessive engagement, ultimately leading to addiction. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of visceral perception, behavior, and reflection on game players' addiction within the framework of Leisure Theory (LT), Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT), and Emotional Design Theory (EDT). A hypothesized theoretical model was developed and empirically evaluated based on 236 self-reported validated responses from MOBA gamers. SPSS (version 26) was employed for demographic analysis and game duration analysis. The measurement model and structural model analyses were conducted in two stages using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.1.0 to validate the nine theoretical hypotheses. It has been observed that personal emotions significantly contributes to MOBA game addiction during gamers' leisure time or moments of gratification. Specifically, a noteworthy connection exists between two dimensions, namely gamers' behavior and reflection, demonstrating a positive correlation with gaming addiction. Without taking entertainment as a motivating factor, there is no significant relationship between gamers' leisure-time and visceral perception. This study enhances the theoretical model of gamers' behavioral motives in engaging with MOBA gaming and contributes to the expansion of research on game addiction theory. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights for emotional design in games and the design of mechanisms for preventing game addiction.

Teaching gene-environment interaction concepts with narrative vignettes: Effects on knowledge, stigma, and behavior motivation.

Gene-environment interaction (GxE) concepts underlie a proper understanding of complex disease risk and risk-reducing behavior. Communicating GxE concepts is a challenge. This study designed an educational intervention that communicated GxE concepts in the context of eating behavior and its impact on weight, and tested its efficacy in changing knowledge, stigma, and behavior motivation. The study also explored whether different framings of GxE education and matching frames with individual eating tendencies would result in stronger intervention impact. The experiment included four GxE education conditions and a control condition unrelated to GxE concepts. In the education conditions, participants watched a video introducing GxE concepts then one of four narrative vignettes depicting how a character's experience with eating hyperpalatable or bitter tasting food (reward-based eating drive vs. bitter taste perception scenario) is influenced by genetic or environmental variations (genetic vs. environmental framings). The education intervention increased GxE knowledge, genetic causal attributions, and empathetic concern. Mediation analyses suggest that causal attributions, particularly to genetics and willpower, are key factors that drive downstream stigma and eating behavior outcomes and could be targeted in future interventions. Tailoring GxE education frames to individual traits may lead to more meaningful outcomes. For example, genetic (vs. environmental) framed GxE education may reduce stigma toward individuals with certain eating tendencies among individuals without such tendencies. GxE education interventions would be most likely to achieve desired outcomes such as reducing stigma if they target certain causal beliefs and are strategically tailored to individual attributes.

Looking back to move forward: comparison of instructors’ and undergraduates’ retrospection on the effectiveness of online learning using the nine-outcome influencing factors

This study delves into the retrospections of undergraduate students concerning their online learning experiences after the COVID-19 pandemic, using the nine key influencing factors: behavioral intention, instruction, engagement, interaction, motivation, self-efficacy, performance, satisfaction, and self-regulation. 46 Year 1 students from a comprehensive university in China were asked to maintain reflective diaries throughout an academic semester, providing first-person perspectives on the strengths and weaknesses of online learning. Meanwhile, 18 college teachers were interviewed with the same questions as the students. Using thematic analysis, the research identified 9 factors. The research revealed that instruction ranked highest among the 9 factors, followed by engagement, self-regulation, interaction, motivation, and others. Moreover, teachers and students had different attitudes toward instruction. Thirdly, teacher participants were different from student participants given self-efficacy and self-regulation due to their variant roles in online instruction. Lastly, the study reflected students were not independent learners, which explained why instruction ranked highest in their point of view. Findings offer valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policy-makers involved in higher education. Recommendations for future research include incorporating a more diverse sample, exploring relationships between the nine factors, and focusing on equipping students with skills for optimal online learning experiences.

Systematic Review of Dispositional Determinants of Xenophobic Behaviours among South Africans: Implications for Psychological-based Intervention

Background Despite pieces of evidence suggesting that one of the major motivations of Xenophobic behaviour is cognition, there are limited studies that have systematically reviewed the influence of psychological factors on Xenophobic behaviour. Therefore, this study set to conceptualise a psychological-based intervention by weighing the pieces of evidence from previous studies that examined the dispositional determinants of xenophobic behaviour in South Africa using structured systematic reviews. Methods The articles considered in this study were incorporated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework of 2009. We performed a review search in PubMed, PsychINFO, Google Scholar, and Unisa Library for studies published between 2008 and February 2022. Results The outcome revealed that shared external locus of control, repression, displacement, and learned helplessness were major dispositional factors influencing reoccurring xenophobic behaviour. Conclusion It was concluded that dispositional factors precipitate/perpetuate xenophobic behaviours in South Africa, and implementation of the conceptualised intervention framework could forestall further occurrence. The organised body of psychology in South Africa should implement a National Cognitive Re-Orientation Programme (NCRP) to tackle and boost the internal locus of control of South Africans.

From awareness to behaviour: understanding cybersecurity compliance in Vietnam

From awareness to behaviour: understanding cybersecurity compliance in Vietnam

Intensi Berbasis PMT terhadap Kepatuhan Pengisian Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan

This study aims to determine the influence of protection motivation theory (PMT)-based intentions on nursing care documentation compliance behavior. In this research, motivation that influences behavior is described by intention, which is an indication of how strongly someone wants to carry out a behavior. The method used in literature searches uses four databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. Search for articles or journals using keywords and Boolean operators. The research results show that the most applicable benchmark for individual behavioral motivation in protection motivation theory is intention. The research conclusions illustrate that there is an intention showing a person's willingness to try to carry out behavior in accordance with applicable orders or policies. If the individual understands the risk of non-compliance in filling out nursing care documentation, then the individual will have the motivation to protect themselves (protection motivation) in the form of a desire to carry out documentation in accordance with the policy procedures that apply at the hospital. Keywords: intention, protection motivation theory, documentation of nursing care

Drawing a satisfying picture: An exploratory study of human-AI interaction in AI Painting through breakdown–repair communication strategies

Artificial intelligence (AI) painting represents a burgeoning field in AI-generated content; however, there is limited research on users’ preferences and biases concerning AI painting compared to traditional forms of art. This study seeks to shed light on the communication and interaction dynamics between painters and AI tools in the process of creating a satisfactory image. A self-report study involving 52 volunteers and 312 reports was conducted, analyzing users’ communication strategies amid AI painting-related communication breakdowns. The investigation aimed to unveil users’ experiences, behavioral patterns, psychological motivations, and needs. The study identified three primary communication barrier categories in AI painting and proposed 10 corresponding repair strategies. It established a user experience framework within the evolving dynamics of user interaction, encompassing behavioral patterns and psychological motivations. Users’ perceptions of the AI painting system significantly impacted the interaction process, leading to an anthropomorphic view of the system as a “potential assistant” and the continuous use of effective strategies to “train” the AI painting system. Conversely, perceiving the system as a “flawed collaborator” prompted the adaptive expectation strategy. Persistent repair failures may lead to users attributing responsibility to the limitation of AI system, culminating in interaction termination. The study also explores the influence of user interaction experiences, including user background and interaction efficiency. By modeling users’ behavior patterns and underlying psychological cognitions, this research enhances the understanding of user psychology and preferences, an understanding that can be used to improve the efficiency of human–computer communication.

Step 1 for the treatment of periodontal diseases

The association between periodontitis and the dysbiotic biofilm necessitates that patients maintain excellent oral hygiene. Therefore, step 1 of the UK clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of periodontal diseases is aimed at behaviour change and motivation in successful removal of the supragingival dental biofilm and risk-factor control, which involves all the health behavioural change interventions that mitigate recognized risk factors for periodontitis onset and progression (smoking cessation, diabetes management). Step 1 should be tailored for the patient throughout the treatment journey and jointly with clinical findings and medical history. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Step 1 lays the groundwork when progressing through ensuing steps of treatment and can affect response to any periodontal therapy.

The Moderation Effect of Approach Motivation Between Schizotypy and Creative Ideational Behavior.

The schizotypy-creativity link has been studied from different perspectives over the past few decades, yet the results of this relationship are inconsistent in the literature. Previous studies have suggested that two basic motivational systems-Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS, avoidance motivation) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS, approach motivation)-underlie the relationship between schizotypy and creativity. Few empirical studies, however, have examined how the relationship interacts with other variables. This study fills these gaps and explores the role of the approach and avoidance motivation assessed by trait behavioral activation and inhibition in the link between schizotypy as a dimensional personality trait and creative ideational behavior as a measure of creativity. Undergraduate students (N = 388) completed questionnaires including the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) measuring 3 dimensions of schizotypy, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS) measuring creative ideational behavior, and BIS/BAS Scales measuring trait behavioral motivation. Bivariate Pearson correlation was computed, and hierarchical linear regression was performed to explore the effects of schizotypy, BIS/BAS, and their interaction on creative ideational behavior. The conditional effect of schizotypy based on different levels of the moderator was further tested. The total score, positive dimension and disorganized dimension of SPQ were all positively correlated with RIBS, BAS, and BIS. Negative dimension of SPQ was not significantly correlated with the RIBS score but was positively correlated with BIS. Additionally, after controlling gender and age, BAS significantly moderated the relationship between the positive and disorganized dimensions of schizotypy and creative ideational behavior measured by RIBS. However, BIS was not a significant moderator. The findings of this study regarding the relationships between different dimensions of schizotypy, two motivational systems, and creative ideational behavior were mostly consistent with previous findings. The significant moderated effect of BAS on the relationship between two dimensions of schizotypy and creative ideational behavior made significant contributions to the understanding of the relationship between schizotypy and creativity.

Methods of Analysis the Motives for Legal Tax Behavior

The paper is devoted to improving the methodology for conducting laboratory experiments to study the actions of taxpayers. We note that the use of standard economic methods is not enough to study citizens’ behavioral motives (in particular, the desire to evade their duties). The authors analyzed experimental methods of studying tax evasion, carried out their comparative characteristics and identified the problems of their implementation in practice. Based on the analysis of the results of previous experiments, we proved that involving students as interviewers enables us to identify and evaluate the behaviour trends of taxpayers. The research methodology is based on the use of tools and methods of comparative analysis, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. In particular, the comparative characteristics of the form factor surveys (vignette with one profile, vignette with a double profile, single-profile association, conjugate profile, conjugate paired profile) made it possible to identify as a priority for use in laboratory tax experiments the conjugate paired profile in the form of a survey. In the resulting part of the paper, we presented the disadvantages of laboratory experiments and suggested possible options for their solution, which is an element of scientific novelty and the significance of the research’ results.

A Study of Modal Salient Beliefs in The Behavior of Using Dialect Stickers

This study aims to explore the behavioral intrinsic factors of post-95 youth (Generation Z) in using dialect stickers on social platforms. The qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) summarizes the modal salient beliefs of the behavior of using dialect stickers and analyzes the main motivations of users' behavior of using dialect stickers. The findings suggest that post-95 youth (Generation Z) have a positive attitude toward dialect sticker use, driven mainly by the factors of pleasantness and bringing people closer together. Although the advantages of dialect stickers were generally recognized as outweighing the disadvantages, cross-dialect communication barriers remained a major factor in generating negative emotions. Older generations are less receptive to dialect stickers, while the attitudes and behaviors of fellow villagers as well as friends have a significant impact on the use of dialect stickers. The study concluded that the behavioral influences on dialect sticker use need to be further measured and assessed, and the present study provides information on the beliefs of the measurement questionnaire, which provides a valuable reference for dialect sticker design.

Entry Behaviour, Learner Motivation, Self-Regulation and Academic Performance of First Year ICT Students: Evidence from Kibi Technical Institute

The study investigated the impact of entry behaviour on academic performance among first-year ICT students at Kibi Technical Institute, while also exploring learner motivation and self-regulation as predictive factors. The study, rooted in motivation and self-regulation theory, utilized a positivist approach and an explanatory design. Data, gathered from 100 first-year ICT students using a structured questionnaire and academic records, were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics v26. Results showed that self-regulation significantly predicted academic performance, whereas entry behaviour and learner motivation had insignificant effects. It recommends integrating self-regulation training programs into the curriculum to empower students with effective learning strategies and management techniques

Unperceived, the impact of information gap design plateware on food waste

Curiosity is a powerful motivator of behaviour. Although there have been some studies pertaining to the application of curiosity in the realm of food, research examining the potential to influence consumer food waste behaviour through the induction of curiosity is lacking. This study conducted two onsite dining experiments to explore the role and mechanism of curiosity in reducing food waste in a real dining environment by utilising an information gap design in tableware to induce participants' curiosity. Experiment 1 investigated the differences in food waste between participants using bowls with an information gap design and those using bowls with no information gap (blank bowls). Experiment 2 further controlled for other variables that could potentially influence the outcomes between bowls with and without information gaps; the latter displayed complete text externally. The results of both experiments consistently demonstrated a significant reduction in participants’ food waste when utilising utensils with an information gap design. Moreover, we conducted an exploratory analysis combining these two experiments to examine the mediating mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the exploratory analysis suggested the mediating mechanism of curiosity elicited by the information gap design, ultimately leading to a decrease in food waste. This study presents a potential avenue for a simple and innovative approach for mitigating food waste.

Институциональная среда и институционализация поведенческого регулирования: теоретические основы экономического развития

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the intensification of the use of appropriate Nudge technologies and their combination with classical technologies of behavioral economics have led in many countries of the world to the institutionalization of behavioral regulation in centralized or decentralized models. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the models of institutionalization of «behavioral» regulation at the macroeconomic level in the countries of the world. At the same time, the tasks set are solved: the theoretical essence of institutions and the institutional environment is generalized, as well as the features and problems of its formation are considered. Behavioral nudging is considered as a potentially promising approach to improving government regulation both in academic discussion and in practice. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the fundamental works of Russian and foreign authors. Along with traditional methods of scientific research, systemic and institutional-evolutionary approaches, dialectical methods of cognition and interdisciplinary methods of analysis are used. Results. Increasing the effectiveness of the practice of using the behavioral motives of economic entities in the process of developing state economic policy is due to the application and introduction of techniques of influence of the theory of nudging, which determines the choice of a more rational solution that meets the interests of the individual and society. The institutionalization of behavioral regulation in a centralized model is represented by specific government agencies or departments specializing in the development of solutions using the theory of behavioral economics. Institutions of the decentralized model are independent commercial organizations that are not part of the structure of government agencies. Conclusion. It was found out that the process of formation and functioning of institutions of behavioral regulation in different countries of the world has its own specifics, and the bodies themselves are constantly changing. However, all options for institutionalizing behavioral regulation at the macro level leave the risk of using «dark nudging», which requires the creation of special institutions to mitigate or eliminate its negative consequences. The most important principle in the development of behavioral tools is compliance with universal and personal interests at the same time

Качество сессии в психотерапии и консультировании: литературный обзор методов оценивания и основных характеристик

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Defining a high-quality psychotherapy or counseling session is important but challenging due to the lack of consensus in the scientific community. Presently, there is no clear definition or universally accepted criteria for determining session quality. This article presents a narrative review of contemporary literature on universal methods for evaluating the quality of individual psychotherapy and psychological counseling sessions. This review aims to identify prevalent and valid instruments for assessing session quality and to define the main characteristics of a high-quality session. The Session Evaluation Questionnaire, Session Evaluation Scale, Session Impacts Scale, and Individual Therapy Process Questionnaire encompass the predominant methods found. This study explores the structure, applications, psychometric properties, strengths, and weaknesses of each tool and provides recommendations for their utilization in examining session quality. The article also comprehensively examines the characteristics of high-quality sessions embedded within these methods. High-quality sessions are based on a trusting relationship in which the specialist respects the client's self-sufficiency and avoids imposing his/her beliefs or actions. To improve the quality of sessions, the therapist or counselor should emotionally support the client, encourage hope, actualize strengths, develop inner resources, help reframe and overcome difficulties, explore new perspectives and meanings, and increase overall awareness of motivations for behavior.&lt;/p&gt;

Motives For Fraudulent Behavior In Islamic Bank: Hexagon Model Of Perspective Fraud

This research explores the motives for fraudulent behaviour using the fraud hexagon model approach in Islamic Bank X, city Y. This research is qualitative research with primary data sources. Data collection was carried out through unstructured interviews and then deepened through observation. The informants for this research consisted of 7 people who had worked and were currently working in several parts of Islamic Bank X, city Y. This research used qualitative data analysis techniques with three stages in the form of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. This research reveals the motives for fraudulent behaviour at Islamic Bank X in City Y from the perceptive fraud hexagon model. Fraudulent behaviour is based on the perpetrator's intention and is driven by motives in the form of pressure, rationalization, opportunity, ability, arrogance and collusion. Companies can use the results of this research to consider strategies and policies for controlling risks against fraud. The results of this research can also be helpful for Islamic Banks regarding the suitability of a person's position. Sharia banks must develop their human resources well so that there is a balance between employee rights and obligations.

Investigating the influence of risk perception on females’ public service motivation during public health emergencies

Since the inception of Public Service Motivation (PSM) by Perry and Wise, substantial research has been conducted in this domain. However, there is a dearth of scholarly investigation into the impact of changing public service environments, specifically the perception of workplace risk, on public service motivation. Recent public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have necessitated significant changes in frontline public employees’ work environments. As they frequently engage in epidemic prevention and control activities, which entail direct exposure to the virus, their motivation may fluctuate based on their perceived risks. Female employees, in particular, facing the dual pressures of work and family responsibilities, are more prone to being affected. Drawing upon the human behavioral motivation and Stress-Strain-Outcome framework, this study examines the influence mechanism of risk perception on public service motivation among 214 female employees who participated in epidemic control during the 2022 lockdown period in Shanghai. As the findings indicate, risk perception detrimentally affects their public service motivation both directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion or anxiety-emotional exhaustion dual mediation, whereas anxiety does not mediate such a relationship. The study’s theoretical significance lies in its potential to broaden the scope of antecedent research on public service motivation and address the research gap about the mechanisms through which risk perception influences public service motivation during public health emergencies. Practically, these insights may assist public organizations in mitigating the adverse effects of risk perception, thereby enhancing their employees’ well-being and service effectiveness.