Objective: This study examined the effects of the occupational health and safety (OHS) Law No. 6331, enacted in Türkiye in 2013. It analyzed the rates of work-related accidents (WrAs), occupational diseases (ODs), and work-related mortalities (WrMs) among compulsory insured workers from 2007 to 2023. Additionally, it aimed to reveal the situation prior to the introduction of compulsory OHS services for public institutions and low-risk workplaces with fewer than 50 workers in 2025. Methods: Using data from Türkiye’s Social Security Institution (SSI), trends across 81 cities were examined through an epidemiological, observational, and descriptive design. Indirect standardization was applied to adjust for variations in the number of “4-1/a compulsory insured” workers, allowing for comparisons of standardized (s) WrA, sOD, and sWrM ratios between cities. Results: The number of insured workers in Türkiye nearly doubled during the study period. Regional disparities became evident, with sWrA ratios higher in western provinces and sWrM ratios elevated in the east. Zonguldak, Bilecik, Kütahya, Manisa, Bartın, Karabük, and Kocaeli consistently showed the highest standardized ratios. After the law’s implementation, sWrA rose in the Black Sea region, while a modest rise in sOD was detected in Marmara. Peaks in sWrM occurred in various cities, with clustering observed in the Eastern Black Sea. Conclusion: This study highlights systemic weaknesses and regional inequalities in Türkiye’s OHS landscape. The upcoming 2025 expansion of Law No. 6331 provides an opportunity for improvement; however, persistent underreporting, limited diagnostic capacity for occupational diseases, and uneven implementation across regions suggest that significant structural gaps remain.

This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on cardiac surgery outcomes in patients who contracted COVID-19 peri-operatively or had recently recovered from COVID-19. The study prospectively enrolled 95 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery who had recently recovered from COVID-19. This formed the post-COVID-19 group. The other group consisted of 25 patients who contracted COVID-19 peri-operatively. Patients were followed for all-cause mortality as the primary endpoint and postoperative course complications as the secondary endpoint. Data were compared to a historical cohort of 280 non-COVID-19 patients. The peri-operative COVID-19 group exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of primary outcome all-cause mortality (28%), compared with 4.3% in the controls (p < 0.01), as well as the secondary composite endpoint (stroke, peri-operative myocardial infarction and pneumonia) (52 vs 13.9%, p < 0.01). The post-COVID-19 group had a higher incidence of acute pulmonary embolism (3.2 vs 0%, p < 0.01) and atrial fibrillation (23.4 vs 11.4%, p < 0.01). Patients who contracted COVID-19 peri-operatively had an increased rate of mortality and postoperative complications, while cardiac surgery in the recently recovered COVID-19 group was associated with a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism and atrial fibrillation.

Single-ventricle physiology is a critical cardiac condition requiring early diagnosis and intervention. The objectives of this study were to report on the management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with single-ventricle physiology in central South Africa. This study was a retrospective, observational analysis of patients presenting with single-ventricle physiology at the Universitas Academic Hospital in central South Africa between November 1997 and June 2021. Patients were referred from the Free State (54%) and Northern Cape (29%) provinces and Lesotho. One hundred and fifty-four patients presented with single-ventricle physiology: 114 received interventions and 40 were not eligible for intervention. Patients presented for the first time at a median age of 34.5 days, with patients from nearby districts presenting within a few days of birth. However, patients from outlying areas presented much later. Eighty-seven patients received systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunting or pulmonary artery banding. Sixty-three patients proceeded to bidirectional Glenn procedures, and 30 patients (26%) had full palliation to Fontan. Twenty-one patients died after stage 1, six after the Glenn procedure and two after the Fontan procedure. Overall, 34 (29.8%) patients were lost to follow up. Patients in our study presented late and follow up of these patients was a challenge. The highest mortality rate occurs during the first stage of palliation. Outcomes from this study are comparable to other sub-Saharan studies.

The article is devoted to the writings of the Anglo-American novelist Christopher Isherwood. Its main objective is to identify the peculiarities of age representation in his novels as well as to defi ne their function in the discourse of loneliness viewed as a general aesthetic and conceptual dominant of Isherwood’s fi ction. Theoretically and methodologically, the article draws upon the paradigm of age studies (Margaret Gullette). It considers age and age-related notions (such as ageing, childhood, middle age, etc.) as including not only the biological but also the sociocultural aspect and thus dependent on the narratives and discourse practices governing a given society at a given time. One of the important premises which the study takes into consideration is the function of age as an extratextual factor in view of the autobiographical nature of Isherwood’s oeuvre. As pointed out by L. M. Schwerdt, the writer’s life is in direct correlation with his art and therefore, conceptually and poetically, each consecutive novel, though completely diff erent in terms of plot, can be seen as an organic part of a continuum. The textual analysis focuses on three works of fi ction. In The World in the Evening, age is manifested in the protagonist’s psychological immaturity. The behavioural pattern of infantilism leads to his identity crisis and loneliness and he has to learn how to accept responsibility for his own actions in order to be able to (re)construct his Self. In Down There on a Visit, age is conceptualised as life experience which diff erentiates the multiple versions of the namesake narrator, the “Christophers who might have been”. This text shows the dynamics of age identity, refl ecting a long and complic ated way of personal and artistic development. In A Single Man, age plays a major role in the discourses of ageing and mort ality. The protagonist struggles with the loneliness resulting from the loss of a loved one but also from the realisation of his own potential death causing an existential crisis. All three novels demonstrate the intersection of the categories of age and loneliness on various levels, including the choices of autobiographical materials, characte r development, and narrative organisation. The notions of individualisation and soci alisation, life experience, existential crisis, fear of growing up/old, corporeality and mortality are constant conceptual nuclei on the spectrum from youth to old age. Key words: age, loneliness, identity, Christopher Isherwood, age studies, auto biographism.

The purpose of the study: To improve treatment outcomes in patients with firearm-related liver injuries through a differentiated approach to diagnosing the nature and extent of tissue alterations based on the type of traumatic agent and key triage principles for staged surgical treatment in a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and Methods: а comprehensive analysis was performed of diagnostic capabilities and surgical outcomes in 43 male patients with liver injuries caused by various types of firearms at the stages of qualified and specialized medical care. Three fundamentally different management strategies were applied: single-stage surgical treatment of all injuries (n=11), damage control surgery tactics (n=28), and selective non-operative management (n=4). Eighteen patients had combined liver injuries. Thoracoabdominal wounds accounted for 17.4 %. The study examined: wound characteristics, extent of parenchymal organ damage with clinical manifestations, results of diagnostic methods (ultrasound, CT, radiography, angiography, endoscopy), and surgical interventions (open surgeries, endovideosurgical and minimally invasive techniques depending on the stage of care). Results: mine-blast trauma (high-energy fragment wounds) predominated (95 %). Expansive bullet wounds were observed in only 5 % of cases. In most cases (67 %), liver injuries were accompanied by simultaneous trauma to adjacent organs (small intestine — 7, stomach — 2, transverse colon — 3, pancreas — 3, gallbladder — 9, diaphragm and right lung — 6 cases). At the stage of qualified care, the extent of surgical intervention was determined by the severity of the victim’s condition (according to the ISS-OR scale) and the scale of liver damage (OIS). The main objectives at this stage were: elimination of bleeding sources from the damaged parenchymal organ through suturing (98 %), omentum tamponade (8 %), and perihepatic space tamponade with gauze pads (49 %) using hemostatic sponge. A Foley catheter was used for temporary hemostasis in 4 cases. In 26 patients with grade III and IV liver trauma, the damage control principle was followed. Simultaneous and definitive repair of liver injuries was achieved in 17 patients at the forward stage. Medical evacuation became possible on days 3–5 after initial surgery and stabilization of patients, to the stage of specialized medical care for the third phase of the damage control program — definitive repair of all injuries and complications of the corresponding period of traumatic disease. This program was implemented in a multidisciplinary hospital with an advanced diagnostic algorithm and application of traditional, endoscopic, endovideosurgical, endovascular, and minimally invasive surgical methods. Conclusion: the use of more precise diagnostic capabilities (CT, ultrasound, angiography, scintigraphy, fistulocholangiography) at the stage of specialized medical care and the possibility of applying high-tech and minimally invasive surgical methods significantly improved the management of victims with high-energy mine-blast liver injuries, reducing the frequency of unjustified surgical interventions by 50 %, complications by 17 %, and achieving zero mor tality.

Background:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and is associated with a significant Global Burden of Disease (GBD). We analyzed the trends in PD incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden in China, and compared them with global data.Methods:Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for incidence, mortality, DALYs, years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) for PD were extracted from the GBD, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. We describe the epidemiology of PD at global and Chinese levels, analyze trends in incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2021 by joinpoint regression models, and decompose PD burden according to population size, age structure, and epidemiological changes.Results:GBD 2021 estimated 508,378 (95% UI: 430,499–592,748) incident cases of PD, 92,035 (95% UI: 75,908–108,133) deaths, and 2,159,514 (95% UI: 1,826,196–2,521,344) DALYs in China, with the higher age-standardized rate (ASR) in incidence, mortality and DALYs than the global levels. The DALY burden of PD in China increased slightly from 1990 to 2021, consistent with the global upward trend. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated that the ASR of incidence in China increased faster than the global average, while the ASR of mortality decreased, with the fastest decline in 2004–2014. Decomposition analysis revealed that men and the middle sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile (32.82%) were responsible for the most significant DALYs, whose changes were primarily driven by population growth and aging.Conclusions:The burden of PD showed an overall increasing trend from 1990 to 2021, which was primarily driven by population growth and aging. This study highlights the significant challenges in controlling and managing PD, including the increase in cases and gender differences, which may provide guidance for comprehensive strategies to address the changing profiles of PD in China.

Lung cancer remains a critical health concern in the entire world, which has been a major cause of high rates of cancer-related mortalities that affect individuals in every part of the world. The findings emphasize the notable potential of deep learning procedures to assist radiologists in diagnosing cases of lung-related abnormalities appropriately. Such methods are also leading to the improvement of AI-based healthcare products. The enhancements to the suggested model [16, 17, 18, 21] in the future will be aimed at tuning hyperparameters, 3D CNN [16, 17, 18] architectures, and the integration of patient clinical data, with the aim of further increasing the accuracy [16, 17, 19] of diagnosis as well as system performance. This paper uses the IQ-OTHNCCD dataset, a publicly available and highly annotated set of CT imaging that has been annotated by experts in the medical field. The preprocessing techniques applied will involve changing the images to Grayscale, normalizing the pixel values, ensuring consistency in the images, and converting them to a standard size of 128x128 pixels, which is the ideal size to feed the images into the CNN [16, 17, 18]. In the proposed work, the model [16, 17, 18, 21] integrates multi-scale convolutional layers with adaptive dropout (rate=0.5) and ReLU activations, yielding 95% accuracy [16, 17, 19] and 0.95 F1-score (95% CI: 93.8–96.2%) on a 70/15/15 train/validation/test split— a 4% improvement in F1-score. Preprocessing includes grayscale conversion, pixel normalization to [0,1], and resizing to 128x128 pixels. The architecture comprises three convolutional blocks (32/64/128 filters, 3x3 kernels), max-pooling (2x2), flattening, a 512-unit dense layer, and a 3-unit softmax output. Future enhancements include hyperparameter tuning, 3D CNN [16, 17, 18] integration, and clinical data fusion to exceed 97% accuracy [16, 17, 19].

BackgroundIron deficiency is a key risk factor for maternal sepsis and other maternal infections (MSMIs). This study aims to investigate the trends of MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.MethodsData on MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency were utilized. Epidemiological tendencies were assessed using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for age-standardized rate in mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI) and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths and DALYs in different GBD regions was evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Bayesian age-period-cohort models were applied to predict the burden of MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency by 2050.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global mortality and DALYs of MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency declined, with an EAPC of −2.49 (95% confidence interval (CI): −2.91 to −2.06) and −2.51 (95% CI: −2.92 to −2.10), respectively. The decrease of ASMR was the most in the high-middle SDI regions, while for age-standardized DALY rate, the most decrease was in the low-middle SDI regions. In 2021, Somalia represented the greatest burdens on deaths and DALYs, with an ASMR of 2.98 per 100,000 persons (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.30–5.12) and an age-standardized DALY rate of 177.38 per 100,000 persons (95% UI: 76.95–299.71). East Asia had the most decreases in the burdens of deaths and DALYs. Moreover, Equatorial Guinea represented the largest decreases in ASMR and age-standardized DALY rate. In 1990 and 2021, the peaks of MSMIs-related deaths (1,124 cases and 724 cases) and DALYs (82,593 cases and 53,355 cases) were found in the 20–24 years age group. The ASMR and age-standardized DALY rate of MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency were negatively correlated with SDI. Projections indicated a continued decrease in the burden of MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency by 2050.ConclusionsOver the past 30 years, the global burden of MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency has been decreasing, which is predicted to continually decrease by 2050. Targeted strategies for improving management in MSMIs attributable to iron deficiency should focus on 20–24 years population.

Air pollution has a direct impact on public health and is also accompanied by a decrease in serum vitamin D levels because airborne aerosols absorb and scatter UVB ultraviolet radiation, which is necessary for the production of vitamin D3. Due to the fact that most of the published literature sources reflect a qualitative picture of the processes, there was a need (goal) to quantify the impact of outdoor air pollution on the status of vitamin D and the state of health of the population. We carried out a correlation analysis of the dependence of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency on the average annual concentration of pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2), as well as the dependencies of the DALY indicator and mortality associated with the environment on the prevalence of deficiency vitamin D in Europe, the USA and Canada. The main characteristics of the studied population (n=4,369,222), which included healthy, non-pregnant representatives of the Caucasian race (mean value ± standard deviation): age 43.4±26.4 years; serum 25 (OH) D concentration 25.5 ± 9.0 ng / mL; prevalence: vitamin D deficiency (25 (OH) D &lt;20 ng / mL) 55.5 ± 11.7 %; insufficient vitamin D levels (25 (OH) D = 20‑29 ng / ml) 21.8 ± 1.6 %; sufficient vitamin D levels (25 (OH) D ≥30 ng / ml) 22.7 ± 11.2 %; body mass index 26.2 ± 4.6 kg / m2. Statistical studies suggest that air pollution in the range of real concentrations significantly increases the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Europe, the United States and Canada. With an increase in PM2.5 concentration by 10 μg / m3, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increases by 14.2 %, with an increase in PM10 concentration by 10 μg / m3, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increases by 11.2 %, with an increase in NO2 concentration by 10 μg / m3 the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increases by 10.98 %. In turn, the increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency leads to an increase in the burden of DALY morbidity and environment-related mor tality.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now a serious public health issue in Iraq, with high rates of multidrug-resistant bacteria and significant mortalities associated with it in different healthcare and community settings. Key contributors include the widespread issue of easy over the counter access to antibiotics, systemic failures in antibiotic management practices and diagnostic support, and critical gaps in infection prevention and control practices. Furthermore, decades of prolonged conflict have deeply devastated the healthcare infrastructure, displaced medical professionals, and introduced unique environmental contaminants that accelerate resistance development. The absence of a strong, standardized national surveillance system further impedes understanding of the crisis's true scope and evolution. To effectively counter this multifaceted challenge, a coordinated national strategy based on the 'One Health' approach is urgently needed. Policy recommendations include strengthening health system infrastructure and capacity, strictly enforcing antibiotic prescription regulations, implementing national antibiotic management initiatives, enhancing infection prevention and control (including vaccination programs), expanding public education and awareness initiatives, and developing strong national surveillance and research systems. Ultimately, while combating AMR in Iraq requires a profound national commitment, its success equally depends on sustained international collaboration, technical aid, and financial support. International assistance extends beyond simple humanitarian aid. It represents an essential strategic necessity for global health security, unequivocally showing our collective responsibility to combat a widespread problem that threatens every corner of the world. This paper explores the main factors behind the AMR crisis in Iraq and proposes viable resolutions.

The management of chronic wounds in diabetic patients is a tough challenge, compounded by elevated amputation rates, frequent recurrence, and increased mortality rates. Nonhealing wounds in people with diabetes are produced by a combination of variables that impede the clearance of injured tissue, stimulate the formation of healthy cell populations, and increase the risk of infection. Traditional wound dressings, such as gauze, films, and bandages, focused solely on hydration and infection prevention. However, recent scientific investigation has shifted toward advancements in wound healing treatments to overcome the constraints inherent in old methodologies. Hydrogel dressings have surfaced as a particularly enticing and promising avenue for increasing wound healing prowess in the modern medical environment, owing to their remarkable ability for moisture retention, biocompatibility profiles, and therapeutic attributes. The pathophysiology of diabetes wounds has been better studied in recent decades, and a range of functionalized hydrogel dressings have been reported with favourable outcomes, indicating that they have significant potential in healing diabetic wounds. Our approach will comprise a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the advancements in hydrogel dressing methods related to diabetic wounds. This review presents a strong theoretical foundation for advancing hydrogel dressing technologies and offers suggestions for treating diabetic wound-related problems.

Dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation improves the survival, digestive and immunological parameters by promoting ammonia excretion in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), under ammonia nitrogen stress

Ovarian cancer is the third most frequent gynaecological malignancy worldwide and in Mexico, with a high mortality rate, due to that in many cases its diagnosis is made in advanced stages. Prognosis is important for determining the subtype and the degree of evolution. During lasts years, the management of ovarian cancer has undergone an important evolution with the incorporation of new therapeutic options, which in turn represent an increase in the survival of these patients. We present recommendations for the management of ovarian cancer developed by an expert panel Mexican based on available evidence so far and the characteristics of health care in the country.

At present, in the conditions of the decline in the number of able-bodied populations in the Russian Federation, associated with the decline in birth rate and increase in mortality, the protection of reproductive health of the population is the most important direction of state policy, determining the national security of Russia. The article is devoted to the assessment of the role of harmful and unfavourable working conditions in the formation of reproductive health of female workers and male fertility.

Evaluación mediante TC de las complicaciones de la úlcera gastroduodenal

Tylophora yunnanensis extract inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis to suppress triple negative breast cancer.

Introduction: Ovarian cancers are the third most common gynecological and 8th most common cancer in women, associated with high mortality rates globally. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old postmenopausal woman presented to the Gynecological outpatient department with complaints of pain in the abdomen for 2-3 months and loss of appetite with weight loss for 1-2 months. She was diagnosed as a case of uterine leiomyosarcoma or left adnexal mass on ultrasound and MRI. Intra-operatively, she was diagnosed with a unilateral left ovarian malignant mass, predominantly solid in consistency with metastasis to the left fallopian tube, uterus, cervical stroma, and omentum. The right ovary and tube were healthy. On histopathological examination, the final diagnosis of primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma was made. The patient tolerated staging laparotomy (total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and infracolic omentectomy) well and was started on six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin injections along with Bevacizumab. Conclusion: Primary mucinous ovarian carcinomas are rare and distinct subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Due to their strong resemblance to other ovarian tumors and leiomyosarcoma, their diagnosis becomes challenging. Hence, it is crucial to consider leiomyosarcomas in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses, especially in postmenopausal women.

This comprehensive assessment and quantitative synthesis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of pembrolizumab, an antagonist of the programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1] pathway, for individuals with metastatic colorectal carcinoma [mCRC]. A comprehensive search of scholarly articles was performed using the PubMed and Web of Science [WOS] databases from January 2015 to August 2024. The scope of the search was limited to randomized controlled trials and clinical studies that reported the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [mCRC], which emphasized critical indicators, such as overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and disease control rate. The research also considered secondary outcomes, including the incidence of severe adverse events and mortality rates. Data ex-traction was performed by two independent reviewers, who employed a standardized data collection form. The subsequent meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0, a soft-ware tool for statistical analysis. Six studies with 1,634 patients were included, and of these patients, 812 were in the pembrolizumab group, and 822 were in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis indicated via the standard mean difference [SMD] that the overall survival [OS] of patients in the pembrolizumab group was significantly different from that of patients in the control group [SMD = 0.21, 95% CI [0.09, 0.32], P = 0.0005]. The progression-free survival [PFS] of patients in the pembrolizumab group was slightly longer than that of pa-tients in the control group according to the SMD, and this difference was statistically sig-nificant [SMD = 0.11, 95% CI [0.01, 0.22], P = 0.03]. Compared with the objective re-sponse rate [ORR] of patients in the control group, that of patients in the pembrolizumab group was significantly higher [OR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.34, 2.17], P < 0.0001]. The mortali-ty rate in the pembrolizumab group was also significantly different from that in the control group [OR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.52, 0.87], P = 0.002]. Pembrolizumab may help improve overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS] in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, which can potentially reduce the mortality rate. More research using larger, well-designed studies is needed to further confirm these findings.

Breast cancer has a high prevalence among women, with a high mortality rate. The number of people who suffer from breast cancer disease is increasing, whereas metastatic cancers are mostly incurable, and existing therapies have unfavorable side effects. For an extended duration, scientists have dedicated their efforts to exploring the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of metastatic cancers, including breast cancer. MSCs could be genetically engineered to boost their anticancer potency. Furthermore, MSCs can transport oncolytic viruses, suicide genes, and anticancer medicines to tumors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are MSC products that have attracted scientist's attention as a cell-free treatment. This study narratively reviews the current state of knowledge on engineered MSCs and their EVs as promising treatments for breast cancer.

Black currant (Ribes nigrum) plants are susceptible to a range of fungal diseases. Especially noticeable among them is American powdery mildew, that has affected this crop for over a century. The disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Sphaerotheca mors-uvae (Schw.) Berk. et Gurt. Severe infection by the pathogen can result in a 50-80 % yield loss, a two- to threefold reduction in shoot growth, and, in extreme cases, plant mortal ity. The objective of this study was to assess black currant accessions from both the collection and hybrid pools for resistance to powdery mildew, to identify the most promising crossing combinations for generating resistant progeny, and to select prospective breeding forms. The research was conducted between 2021 and 2023 at the Core Research Facility “Genetic Bioresource Collection of Plants” of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery and at the black currant crossing site of the Kokino Experimental Station (Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery). The study encompassed 70 cultivars, 14 selected seedlings, progeny from 12 crossing combinations, and 4 open-pollinated progenies, totaling 1,045 seedlings. The hybrid pool under examination originated from crosses made in 2017 and was planted in the selection breed ing plots in the spring of 2019. Research conducted across seasons with varying weather conditions and degrees of powdery mildew infestation enabled differentiation of the genetic collection samples based on their resistance to the pathogen. Several promising crossing combinations were identified for their production of Sphaerotheca resistant hybrids: ‘Ben Tirran’ × ‘Kipiana’, 41-03-5 × ‘Ben Hope’, ‘Ben Hope’ × ‘Dar Smolyaninovoy’, ‘Podarok Veteranam’ × ‘Mriya’, and ‘Diamant’ × ‘Litvinovskaya’. Positive results were also obtained from open-pollinated progenies of the cultivars ‘Chernavka’ and ‘Dar Smolyaninovoy’ as well as the breeding line 41-03-5, where hybrid selections combined powdery mildew resistance with other desirable agronomic traits, such as resistance to the black currant gall mite and leaf spots, large berry size, multiple racemes per bud. All of the above make berries suitable for mechanical harvest. The future strategy for improving the black currant assortment may be based on incorporating the identified sources of powdery mildew resistance into breeding programs, utilizing newly devel oped, well-adapted breeding stock.