Morphometric Parameters Of Relief Research Articles

Spatial distribution and density of dolines in External Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina

As the distinctive features of karst terrain, dolines are frequently regarded as diagnostic indicators of karst landscapes. Since the beginning of the karst scientific research in 19th century, dolines have consistently captured the attention of geographers, geologists, and geomorphologists. Geomorphological research provides valuable knowledge about the spatial distribution of dolines, their characteristics, origin and development. These features not only serve as significant structural and geomorphological indicators, but also as indicators of karst evolution. One of the most significant and frequent research approaches in the study of dolines in modern geomorphology involves analyzing their spatial distribution. The main objective of this research is to determine the spatial distribution and density of dolines in the External Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and make an analysis of the geological structure and morphometric features of the terrain as influential factors of distribution. A digital database was created based on a 1 : 25,000 topographic map, where points on the map denote the positions of the doline areas. The data on doline positions were manually adjusted for digital analysis, which was performed by using the ArcGIS 10.1 software package. The findings indiate that the morphometric relief parameters have a considerable impact on the distribution of dolines. Higher doline density is observed in the areas characterized by Jurassic and Cretaceous limestones within the karst plains of the middle hypsometric belt.

Morphometric characterization of two high Andean basins of Peru using geographic information systems

La caracterización morfométrica de cuencas hidrográficas es importante porque permite describir procesos geomorfológicos e inferir comportamientos hidrológicos: caudales máximos, erosión del suelo y recarga de agua subterránea. En los países en desarrollo, los estudios sobre morfometría de cuencas son escasos; no obstante, su aplicación es sustancial, sobre todo, en regiones no instrumentadas. Se realizó un análisis morfométrico evaluando las características de drenaje de dos cuencas de ríos altoandinos, en la región Junín, Perú: la cuenca del río Anya en el lado oriental de la cordillera y la del río Mchique en el flanco occidental de los Andes centrales. Se delimitaron las cuencas y calcularon los parámetros morfométricos de relieve, forma y drenaje, utilizándose Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Ambas cuencas son de orden 3 con patrones de drenaje diferenciados, siendo la cuenca Anya dendrítica y Mchique sub dendrítica con influencia de elementos estructurales dada su forma alargada particular. Los valores bajos de densidad de drenaje (Dd) fijan a las cuencas como de altas tasas de infiltración, sin embargo, estos responden a sus ubicaciones en cabeceras. Los valores de elongación (E) implican una forma alargada para Anya y más para Mchique, lo cual indica una menor vulnerabilidad a inundaciones repentinas y, consecuentemente, una gestión de avenidas más sencilla. El alto factor topográfico (Ft) de las cuencas es indicador de pendientes pronunciadas y, por consiguiente, de mayor intensidad de procesos erosivos. Los resultados pueden ser base de estudios hidrológicos e hidráulicos, manejo de cuencas y gestión de recursos hídricos en la zona.

Positional-dynamic territorial structure of the urban landscape

The knowledge of landscapes’ positional - dynamic structure enabled us to include it in the work on urban landscape and ecological planning, with its ownspecifics as environmental management objects. The aim is to create cartographic models of a positional-dynamic territorial structure of Kharkiv landscape to ensure a balanced use of nature in environmental management. Methods: a positional-dynamic structure of urban landscape was selected by compiling andanalyzing cartographic works of landscape strips, tiers and districts. Territorial configuration of different types of landscape strips were identified and established based on the classical scheme of landscape locations typology by water-geochemical regime proposed by B. Polynov and supplemented by M. Glazovska, which includes 9 main types. Technically, synthesis of parameters combinations and determination of the territories affiliation to certain types of landscape strips was carried out using spatial analysis tools (in particular, reclassification and raster calculator) of initial data on morphometric relief parameters in ArcGIS. Results. A set of qualitative parameters is proposed, based on the characteristics of each type of landscape strips by which they can be identified.Composition and territorial configuration of positional-dynamic landscape strips of the urban landscape are established as a result of systematization and processing of geodata parametric features of the water-geochemical regime. Cartographic models of the positional-dynamic structureof Kharkiv landscapes have been developed, including 13 types of landscape strips with individual features united in 5 groups by types of lateral migration of substances due to the peculiarities of their positionality (common position in relation to frame lines of flow directions) and factors of relief morphology similarity, nature of income and intensity of substances transfer. The identified mode types and the nature of the spatial distribution of the corresponding landscape strips have been described in detail. Conclusions. Cartographic models of the positional-dynamic territorial structure of Kharkiv, developed during the inventory stage of landscape-ecological planning, make it possible to choose areas of balanced nature management of a particular area.

Analysis of the relationships between morphometric relief parameters and visual characteristics of Ukrainian Carpathians ecosystems

The paper deals with the analysis of the relationships between the visual characteristics of mountain ecosystems as they appear on spatial images, and the characteristics of the abiotic conditions as being governed and (or) indicated by the terrain morphometric parameters, in the study area in Ukrainian Carpathians. LANDSAT 7 ETM+ spatial imagery with 30 m resolution, and SRTM v. 4.1 DEM with 90 m ground resolution were the main data sources used in the study. Based on the analysis of LANDSAT imagery, three principal components have been picked out that describe the different characteristics of vegetation and land cover spatial differentiation. Terrain parameters accounted for in the study included raw elevation values, flow energy index, slope values, topographic wetness index, and insolation index. The canonical correlation analysis has then been applied to analyze the relationships between the landscape reflectance characteristics, and the terrain morphometric parameters, allowing deriving two statistical significant canonical roots and determining their structure. The relationships between the structure and properties of vegetation cover (as conditioned by landscape abiotic factors and the land use structure), and the terrain morphometric parameters have thus been revealed and statistically substantiated. Key words: LANDSAT imagery, digital elevation models, terrain morphometric parameters, factor analysis, canonical analysis.

Morfometrijske značajke šireg područja Duvanjskog polja, Bosna i Hercegovina

Objekt ovog istraživanja su padine uzvišenja šireg područja Duvanjskog polja. Padine se mogu definirati kao reljefne plohe određene geografskim položajem, nagibom u odnosu na horizontalnu površinu, izloženošću (ekspozicijom) u odnosu na strane svijeta, te stupnjem zakrivljenosti (profilne i planarne). Recentni oblik padina posljedica je utjecaja niza prirodnih i društvenih faktora tijekom geneze i evolucije reljefa. Analizom morfometrijskih parametara moguće je dovesti u vezu značajke padina s geološkom građom i sastavom, ali i ostalim prirodno-geografskim čimbenicima (npr. klima, pedologija, vegetacija itd.). Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su: a) analiza morfometrijskih pokazatelja reljefa, b) analiza odnosa između morfometrijskih pokazatelja, strukturnih i litoloških značajki, i c) sinteza svih analiziranih pokazatelja da bi se dobio detaljniji uvid u egzogeomorfološke i morfostrukturne značajke područja i omogućila procjena opsega i intenziteta dominantnih geomorfoloških procesa. Pri tome, posebna pažnja posvećena je detaljnoj geomorfometrijskoj analizi makromorfostruktura šireg područja Duvanjskog polja u GIS okružju temeljem digitalnog modela reljefa (DMR). Geomorfometrijska analiza reljefa primijenjena u ovom radu uključila je korištenje različitih metoda za precizno računanje numeričkih parametara reljefa istraživanog područja, što je omogućilo međusobnu usporedbu navedenih parametara ali i usporedbu s kartom tektonskih jedinica i geološkom kartom. Cilj ovakvog pristupa je egzaktnija interpretacija morfometrijskih parametara reljefa kao indikatora značajki endogenih i egzogenih procesa na istraživanom području.

Morfometrijske značajke šireg područja Duvanjskog polja, Bosna i Hercegovina

Objekt ovog istraživanja su padine uzvišenja šireg područja Duvanjskog polja. Padine se mogu definirati kao reljefne plohe određene geografskim položajem, nagibom u odnosu na horizontalnu površinu, izloženošću (ekspozicijom) u odnosu na strane svijeta, te stupnjem zakrivljenosti (profilne i planarne). Recentni oblik padina posljedica je utjecaja niza prirodnih i društvenih faktora tijekom geneze i evolucije reljefa. Analizom morfometrijskih parametara moguće je dovesti u vezu značajke padina s geološkom građom i sastavom, ali i ostalim prirodno-geografskim čimbenicima (npr. klima, pedologija, vegetacija itd.). Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su: a) analiza morfometrijskih pokazatelja reljefa, b) analiza odnosa između morfometrijskih pokazatelja, strukturnih i litoloških značajki, i c) sinteza svih analiziranih pokazatelja da bi se dobio detaljniji uvid u egzogeomorfološke i morfostrukturne značajke područja i omogućila procjena opsega i intenziteta dominantnih geomorfoloških procesa. Pri tome, posebna pažnja posvećena je detaljnoj geomorfometrijskoj analizi makromorfostruktura šireg područja Duvanjskog polja u GIS okružju temeljem digitalnog modela reljefa (DMR). Geomorfometrijska analiza reljefa primijenjena u ovom radu uključila je korištenje različitih metoda za precizno računanje numeričkih parametara reljefa istraživanog područja, što je omogućilo međusobnu usporedbu navedenih parametara ali i usporedbu s kartom tektonskih jedinica i geološkom kartom. Cilj ovakvog pristupa je egzaktnija interpretacija morfometrijskih parametara reljefa kao indikatora značajki endogenih i egzogenih procesa na istraživanom području.