Morphological Types Research Articles

Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensing Platform for Analysis of Cardiac Biomarkers.

Monitoring biomarkers secreted by cardiomyocytes is critical to evaluate anticancer drug-induced myocardial injury (MI). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered the gold standard biomarker for MI. Herein, an electrochemical aptasensor is engineered for cTnI detection based on lanthanide europium metal-organic frameworks (Eu-MOFs) and a hybridization chain reaction-directed DNAzyme strategy. Three types of Eu-MOF morphologies were easily synthesized by changing the solvent, and the Eu-MOF modulated by mixing the solvent of dimethylformamide and H2O (D-Eu-MOF) exhibited the best performance compared to other morphologies of the Eu-MOFs. Multifunctional nanoprobes were constructed from D-Eu-MOF@Pt loaded with natural horseradish peroxidase and combined with an aptamer-initiated nuclear acid hybridization chain reaction to form G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzymes for signal amplification. A novel capture probe is constructed on the basis of DNA nanotetrahedrons modified on screen-printed gold electrodes to enhance the capture of the target and multifunctional nanoprobes for signal amplification. It exhibits a detection limit of 0.17 pg mL-1 and a linear range from 0.5 pg mL-1 to 15 ng mL-1. The practicality of the platform is evaluated by measuring cTnI in real samples and secreted by cardiomyocytes after drug treatment, which provides great potential in drug-induced MI evaluation for clinical application.

Seasonal patterns of neurogenesis in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are region- and sex-specific.

Songbird vocal behavior, physiology, and brains-including neurogenesis-change between seasons. We examined seasonal differences in neurogenesis in three brain regions associated with vocal production and learning, HVC (letter-based proper name), robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), and Area X, and two brain regions associated with auditory perception, caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and caudomedial mesopallium (CMM). To do this, we captured wild male and female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in spring and fall, collected a blood sample, and minimized time from capture to tissue collection to limit suppressive effects of captivity on neurogenesis. We quantified neurogenesis using doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry, counting new neurons of three DCX cell morphologies (multipolar, fusiform, and round). We found regional differences in types of morphologies expressed, and amount of neurogenesis across regions: NCM had more fusiform cells than all other regions, and RA had more round cells than other regions. Males had more neurogenesis in HVC in fall than in spring, but there was no seasonal difference in neurogenesis in HVC of females, perhaps reflecting sexually dimorphic vocal learning demands related to repertoire size and complexity. Plasma corticosterone was higher in spring than fall and was correlated with testis volume in males, but it was not correlated with another purported measure of stress, heterophil:lymphocyteratio (HLR), nor with neurogenesis. Our results suggest that the addition of new neurons to specific regions and circuits may serve different functions for males and females, particularly in the context of vocal production, learning, and perceptual demands across seasons.

Electrospun Smart Hybrid Nanofibers for Multifaceted Applications.

Smart electrospun hybrid nanofibers represent a cutting-edge class of functional nanostructured materials with unique collective properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of smart electrospun hybrid nanofibers in the fields of energy, catalysis, and biomedicine. Electrospinning is a powerful tool to fabricate different types of nanofibers' morphologies with precise control over structure and compositions. Through the incorporation of various functional components, such as nanoparticles, nanomoieties, and biomolecules, into the (co)polymer matrix, nanofibers can be tailored into smart hybrid materials exhibiting responsiveness to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, or light among others. Herein recent advancements in fabrication strategies for electrospun smart hybrid nanofibers are discussed, focusing on different electrospinning tools aimed at tailoring and developing smart hybrid nanofibers. These strategies include surface functionalization, doping, and templating, which enable fine-tuning of mechanical strength, conductivity, and biocompatibility. The review explores the challenges and recent progress in the development of smart hybrid nanofibers. Issues such as scalability, reproducibility, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability are identified as key for improvement. Furthermore, the applications of smart nanofibers in biomedicine, environment, energy storage, and smart textiles underscore their potential to address the challenges in development of nanostructured materials for emerging technologies.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Pre-Malignant Oral Lesions and their Related Factors in an Iranian Population: A Registry-Based Study

Background: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) can lead to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The sixth most common cancer in the world is OSCC. This study aimed to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics of OPMD patients and their risk factors registered at the Oral Medicine Department of Shahid Beheshti Dental School in 2019-2021. Methods: The observational-analytical study was conducted using the dental records of 96 consecutive patients using a web-based registration software (OPMDs registry). Information including demographics and clinical features, the type of OPMD, and risk factors were extracted. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, T-test, and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS version 21. Results: In this study, 96 patients (average age: 52.41±14.87) including 52 women and 44 men, participated. The most common OPMDs comprised 69 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and 15 leukoplakia. The most common location of lesions was the buccal mucosa (74%) with erosions and plaques being the most common morphology types. Most patients with leukoplakia were male, however, majority of the patients with OLP were female (p=0.001). In patients with leukoplakia, 66.5% were smokers; hence, a significant relationship between smoking and OPMD was observed (p=0.001). Patients with OLP commonly presented with burning symptoms, while patients with leukoplakia were mostly asymptomatic (p=0.004). Conclusion: A significant relationship was observed between gender, clinical symptoms, location of lesions, morphology, and type of OPMDs. Most patients with OPMDs were women with OLP in their buccal mucosa, suffering from burning sensation.

CAVITY: Calar Alto Void Integral-field Treasury surve. I. First public data release

The Calar Alto Void Integral-field Treasury surveY (CAVITY) is a legacy project aimed at characterising the population of galaxies inhabiting voids, which are the most under-dense regions of the cosmic web, located in the Local Universe. This paper describes the first public data release (DR1) of CAVITY, comprising science-grade optical data cubes for the initial 100 out of a total of sim 300 galaxies in the Local Universe ($0.005 < z < 0.050$). These data were acquired using the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. The DR1 galaxy sample encompasses diverse characteristics in the color–magnitude space, morphological type, stellar mass, and gas ionisation conditions, providing a rich resource for addressing key questions in galaxy evolution through spatially resolved spectroscopy. The galaxies in this study were observed with the low-resolution V500 set-up, spanning the wavelength range 3745–7500 with a spectral resolution of 6.0 (FWHM). Here, we describe the data reduction and characteristics and data structure of the CAVITY datasets essential for their scientific utilisation, highlighting such concerns as vignetting effects, as well as the identification of bad pixels and management of spatially correlated noise. We also provide instructions for accessing the CAVITY datasets and associated ancillary data through the project's dedicated database.

Bony Labyrinth in Upper Paleolithic Individuals Buried at Sungir

The bony labyrinth of the Sungir individuals was studied using the computed tomography scanning on an industrial Phoenix X-ray device. Three-dimensional modeling and visualization were carried out with special software. Crania of an adult (Sungir 1) and two children (Sungir 2 and 3) were analyzed. Findings reveal that bilateral asymmetry is insignificant. Individual variation range suggests that the group is morphologically homogeneous. Comparison of averages with those of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans demonstrates overall similarity with the latter and significant difference from the former in key traits. Based on results of the discriminant analysis, children unambiguously fall in the H. sapiens group, while the adult is halfway between the latter and the Neanderthal sample. But such a finding is neither exceptional nor even rare. A Neanderthal-like morphology of the bony labyrinth (large lateral semicircular canal and high sagittal index) occurs in a small number of Upper Paleolithic humans of the modern morphological type. The Sungir adult belongs to this group.

Effect of plasma nitriding on microstructure and wear behavior of electrodeposited FeCoNiCr coating

An (FeCoNiCr)N high-entropy alloy coating with a single FCC phase was fabricated on 304 stainless steel by electrodeposition and plasma nitriding. The results indicated that the FeCoNiCr coating exhibited typical granular morphologies and a nearly equiatomic ratio of four elemental compositions. After nitriding, the coating primarily consisted of a high-entropy solid solution phase and a CrN phase, with the microstructure of the (FeCoNiCr)N coating being significantly refined due to the effect of crystallization. The microhardness of the (FeCoNiCr)N coating was 781.30 ± 20.3 HV0.5, considerably higher than that of the FeCoNiCr coating, which was 496.48 ± 21.82 HV0.5. Additionally, the (FeCoNiCr)N coating demonstrated a low friction coefficient and a wear rate of 0.59 and 6.8 × 10−8 mm3/N mm, respectively. The fine microstructure and high resistance to plastic deformation, attributed to solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening, were the primary factors contributing to the excellent wear performance of the (FeCoNiCr)N coating.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIRECT SPINAL CANAL DECOMPRESSION IN THE TREATMENT OF BURST FRACTURES AT THE THORACOLUMBAR JUNCTION

Indirect decompression of the spinal canal through ligamentotaxis is one of the methods for remodeling the spinal canal in traumatic stenosis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of indirect decompression of the spinal canal for different morphological types of burst fractures of vertebral bodies at the thoracolumbar junction. Methods. A preoperative and postoperative analysis of computed tomography scans was performed on 59 patients who were treated at the«Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» for burst fractures at the thoracolumbar junction. The criterion for the effectiveness of indirect decompression was the area of the spinal canal, measured at the level of injury in the zone of maximum compression. The grading of burst fractures was performed using the classification by F. Magerl et al. (1994). Results. In the preoperative period, the median degree of stenosis in the group of patients was 43.47 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 37.53–46.22 %). For damage type A3.1, it was 36.9 % (95 % CI: 28.1‒40.5 %), for type A3.2 — 46.1 % (95 % CI: 32.1‒54.5 %), and for type A3.3 — 47.6 % (95 % CI: 37.5‒56.5 %). After surgical treatment, the degree of stenosis decreased by 20.14 % (95 % CI: 15.93‒21.56 %). For type A3.1, the effectiveness was 20.1 % (95 % CI: 9.5‒22.7 %), for type A3.2 — 15.2 % (95 % CI: 7.51‒17.3 %), and for type A3.3 — 21.7 % (95 % CI: 20.8‒26.4 %). The difference between types A3.2 and A3.3 was statistically significant (p = 0.0018). It was found that indirect decompression is most effective with higher degrees of stenosis. For Grade I by D. Wolter (1988), the canalexpansion achieved was 7.07 % (95 % CI: 5.69‒8.65 %), for Grade II — 21.6 % (95 % CI: 20.4‒22.7 %), and for Grade III — 30.3 % (95 % CI: 27.0‒33.6 %). Conclusions. Closed remodeling of the spinal canal with transpedicular fixation and the effect of ligamentotaxis is an effective method for correcting traumatic spinal canal stenosis at the thoracolumbar junction. The effectiveness of the technique is determined by many factors, including the type of burst fracture, the initial degree of stenosis, and the level of injury.

The self-correction and influence factors of congenital auricular deformity: A prospective cohort study.

To prospectively observe the self-correction of congenital auricular deformity (CAD) and explore the potential factors affecting the self-correction. This study was a multi-center prospective observational study. Newborns aged 0-3 days from 12 Maternal and Child Health Hospitals or Maternity Hospitals were chosen as the participants and prospectively followed up until week 6 after birth. The primary and secondary outcome was the score of deformity, and the secondary outcome was the improvement rate, respectively. A total of 135 newborns diagnosed with CAD (237 ears) were recruited. Boys and girls accounted for 50.37% (117 ears) and 49.63% (120 ears). The top morphological type was the constricted ear (107 ears, 45.15%). The score of deformity at baseline, week 3, and week 6 after enrollment was 4.00, 3.00, and 2.00, decreasing over time (P < 0.05). The higher the severity of deformity, the worse the self-correcting effect (P < 0.05). The scores of deformity of Stahl's ear were lower than those of others after follow-up (P < 0.05). No significant differences among the scores of deformity in different genders (P >0.05). The total improvement rate at week 3 and week 6 was 29.96% (71/237 ears) and 37.13% (88/237), respectively. The improvement rate of the Stahl's ear at week 3 and week 6 after enrollment was higher than that of four other morphological types (P < 0.05). Some CAD tends to self-correction, but for most CADs, there is still a need for early correction. Morphological types and severity of deformity are the main influencing factors on self-correcting effect, whereas sex was not.

Predictors of thyroid cancer survival in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective 10-year analysis.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is becoming more prevalent in Saudi Arabia, currently ranking among the top three cancers affecting women. Despite its rising prevalence, there has been limited assessment of the factors influencing the survival rate (SR) among the Saudi population over an extended period. Therefore, this study aims to address this critical gap in knowledge by identifying the factors affecting the SR of TC, comparing the SR with previous studies, and exploring potential areas for improving the SR of patients. A retrospective study analyzed secondary data from patients diagnosed with TC, as recorded in the King Abdulaziz Medical City Cancer Registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over 10 years from 2009 to 2018. Of the total 665 TC cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 46.2 years (±SD 16), and most patients were women (78.5%), with the majority being under 50 years old. The most common type of cancer was papillary thyroid carcinoma, comprising 88.6% of all TCs. Over half of the cases were localized to one of the lobes of the thyroid gland, with almost equal frequency between the two lobes. The 5-year SR of localized papillary thyroid carcinoma reached 96.5%, in contrast to the extremely low SR of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, where most patients died within a few months of the diagnosis. Factors such as morphology, tumor extension, male gender, and age at diagnosis significantly impacted patient survival, as analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier test (p < 0.001). Compared to other types of cancer, those with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma had a lower SR. The SR of TC patients is predicted by factors such as their age, morphological type, and the presence of distant metastasis.

Hard carbon anode materials for hybrid sodium-ion/metal batteries with high energy density

Interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a lower-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is growing in both scientific and industrial fields. However, uneven premature sodium deposition and dendrite formation during cycling pose a serious safety threat, significantly limiting the application of SIBs. Achieving reversible and dendrite-free sodium metal deposition and dissolution on the anode surface is key to developing anode-less sodium batteries, the next generation of SIBs with energy densities comparable to those of LIBs. In anode-less systems, sodium ions not only intercalate into the anode's structure but also deposit on its surface, thereby multiplying the specific capacity. Here, we evaluate state-of-the-art hard carbon (HC) used in traditional SIBs as a potential anode material for anode-less sodium batteries. We present comprehensive research on sodium-ion/metal storage, depending on the type of carbon anode material, particle size and morphology of hard carbons, and the electrolyte and additives used. Half-cells with microspherical HC and a fluoroethylene carbonate-based electrolyte operated for over 3000 h, yielding an average discharge capacity of 550 mAh g−1, nearly twice that of HC in classic SIBs. Anode-less Na3V2(PO4)3||HC full cells demonstrated up to 25 % higher energy density and working potential compared to traditional full cells.

Heterostructure-induced anisotropy of tensile property in laser directed energy deposition TC11 titanium alloy

Grain structure is generally considered as an important factor to influence the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the additive manufactured metallic component. In this work, we revisit the mechanical anisotropy of a TC11 alloy with heterogeneous grain structure fabricated by laser directed energy deposition(L-DED) technology, and fully unravel the plastic deformation behavior with different types of heterogeneous grain morphology. It is found that the 0-BD specimens and 45-BD specimens exhibit desirable strength-ductility synergy with considerable YS, high UTS and prominent ductility. The synergistic increase in strength and plasticity is induced by the hetero-deformation of equiaxed grain and columnar grain induced. Specially, the optimum hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening is obtained in 45-BD specimen due to the symmetric constraint morphology of heterostructure. The lower strength and elongation of the 90-BD specimens are associated with the fracture of α phases at grain boundaries perpendicular to the loading direction.

CIRCLEZ : Reliable photometric redshifts for active galactic nuclei computed solely using photometry from Legacy Survey Imaging for DESI

Context. Photometric redshifts for galaxies hosting an accreting supermassive black hole in their center, known as active galactic nuclei (AGNs), are notoriously challenging. At present, they are most optimally computed via spectral energy distribution (SED) fittings, assuming that deep photometry for many wavelengths is available. However, for AGNs detected from all-sky surveys, the photometry is limited and provided by a range of instruments and studies. This makes the task of homogenizing the data challenging, presenting a dramatic drawback for the millions of AGNs that wide surveys such as SRG/eROSITA are poised to detect. Aims. This work aims to compute reliable photometric redshifts for X-ray-detected AGNs using only one dataset that covers a large area: the tenth data release of the Imaging Legacy Survey (LS10) for DESI. LS10 provides deep grizW1-W4 forced photometry within various apertures over the footprint of the eROSITA-DE survey, which avoids issues related to the cross-calibration of surveys. Methods. We present the results from CIRCLEZ, a machine-learning algorithm based on a fully connected neural network. CIRCLEZ is built on a training sample of 14 000 X-ray-detected AGNs and utilizes multi-aperture photometry, mapping the light distribution of the sources. Results. The accuracy (σNMAD) and the fraction of outliers (η) reached in a test sample of 2913 AGNs are equal to 0.067 and 11.6%, respectively. The results are comparable to (or even better than) what was previously obtained for the same field, but with much less effort in this instance. We further tested the stability of the results by computing the photometric redshifts for the sources detected in CSC2 and Chandra-COSMOS Legacy, reaching a comparable accuracy as in eFEDS when limiting the magnitude of the counterparts to the depth of LS10. Conclusions. The method can be applied to fainter samples of AGNs using deeper optical data from future surveys (for example, LSST, Euclid), granting LS10-like information on the light distribution beyond the morphological type. Along with this paper, we have released an updated version of the photometric redshifts (including errors and probability distribution functions) for eROSITA/eFEDS.

Influence of urban morphology on potential of green roofs in regulating local microclimate: A case study of Liège, Belgium

Urban microclimate varies for different urban morphologies in a city necessitating the assessment of impact of green roofs on the local microclimate in such typical morphologies. This paper explores the role of roof greening in regulating the local microclimate in Liège, Belgium, for nine realistic and unique urban morphological archetypes during a heatwave. The urban morphological archetypes are obtained based on a systematic data-driven approach using an extensive list of morphological parameters. Nine scenarios without green roofs and nine scenarios with green roofs are simulated using Solene-microclimat model. Green roofs are introduced only on the existing flat roofs identified using remote-sensing to analyse the realistic impact of roof greening. Our findings suggest that distinct morphologies in the archetypes result in distinctive impact of roof greening on these archetypes. For instance, green roofs can reduce surface temperature effectively in compact high-rise archetypes, whereas green roofs' potential to reduce air temperature is limited. While green roofs can effectively reduce surface and air temperature in compact low-rise archetypes, most compact low-rise archetypes are residential and have fewer flat roofs to green. However, large low-rise archetypes, which are predominantly industrial/commercial, can be retrofitted with green roofs, considering large potential of roof greening. This study provides insight into the interplay between urban morphology, realistic roof greening potential, and the UHI effect on local microclimate, improving our understanding of microclimate regulation with green roofs.

Clinical validation of the early embryo viability assessment system: Analysis for the blastocyst morphology and pregnancy outcomes

Objective: To determine the relationship between the early embryo viability assessment (EEVA) and blastocyst morphological parameters and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 291 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles including 2 522 embryos with indications of prolonging embryo culture to the blastocyst stage in the Genea embryo review incubator, and 511 single vitrified- warmed blastocyst transfer cycles from January 2020 to June 2023. The EEVA system produced an EEVA score from E1 (best) to E5 (worse) for the potential of blastocyst formation. Blastocyst morphology was evaluated. The association between the EEVA score and each type of blastocyst morphology, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: The inner cell mass A (ICM A), trophectoderm A (TE A), blastocoele expansion degree of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 rates were higher with lower the EEVA score. The adjusted odd ratio (aOR) (E5 vs E1) was 0.3 for ICM A, 0.174 for TE A and 0.210 for BL3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (all P&lt;0.001), suggesting a significant association between lower EEVA scores and improved embryo quality. The implantation, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy rate were also higher with lower the EEVA score. The aOR of E5 vs E1 was 0.245 for implantation, 0.185 for clinical pregnancy and 0.200 for ongoing pregnancy rate (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: There were associations between blastocyst morphology, pregnancy outcome and EEVA scores. The good blastocyst morphology and pregnancy outcomes are higher with lower the EEVA score.

ID: 317660 100 Human Vagus Nerves from Brainstem to Abdomen: Gross Anatomy, Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Fiber Types

ID: 317660 100 Human Vagus Nerves from Brainstem to Abdomen: Gross Anatomy, Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Fiber Types

Геохимические и типологические особенности детритовых цирконов сосновской толщи палеогена (Русская плита)

The Paleogene Sosnov Formation is represented by glass quartz sands which are widely occurred in the eastern part of the Russian Platform. Interest in Paleogene quartz sands in Russia is increasing due to the growing needs of the glass industry. But by now, the mineral resource base of glass raw materials in the European part of Russia is of almost complete exhaustion. In recent years, the comprehensive study using modern mineralogical and geochemical methods is undertaken resulting in substantiation of the injecting mechanism of formation of Sosnov quartz sands. The current paper presents the results of the study of morphologic and geochemical features of detrital zircons extracted from the sands of the Paleogene Sosnov Formation and the Bathonian Lukoyanov Formation. The latest can be proposed as a source layer for the Paleogene sand injectites. It has been determined that zircons from both strata are of the same Pupin`s morphological types and regarded to be originated from predominantly intermediate, mafic, and rarely felsic rocks. The Puchezh-Katunk endogenous structure is suggested to be the most probable source area. The assumption that the Bathonian Lukoyanov sandstones are the most probable source for the injection of the Paleogene sands is confirmed.

Biomechanical Study of Atlanto-occipital Instability in Type II Basilar Invagination: A Finite Element Analysis.

Recent studies indicate that 3 morphological types of atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ) exist in the craniovertebral junction and are associated with type II basilar invagination (BI) and atlanto-occipital instability. However, the actual biomechanical effects remain unclear. This study aims to investigate biomechanical differences among AOJ types I, II, and III, and provide further evidence of atlanto-occipital instability in type II BI. Models of bilateral AOJ containing various AOJ types were created, including I-I, I-II, II-II, II-III, and III-III models, with increasing AOJ dysplasia across models. Then, 1.5 Nm torque simulated cervical motions. The range of motion (ROM), ligament and joint stress, and basion-dental interval (BDI) were analyzed. The C0-1 ROM and accompanying rotational ROM increased progressively from model I-I to model III-III, with the ROM of model III-III showing increases between 27.3% and 123.8% indicating ultra-mobility and instability. In contrast, the C1-2 ROM changes were minimal. Meanwhile, the stress distribution pattern was disrupted; in particular, the C1 superior facet stress was concentrated centrally and decreased substantially across the models. The stress on the C0-1 capsule ligament decreased during cervical flexion and increased during bending and rotating loading. In addition, BDI gradually decreased across the models. Further analysis revealed that the dens showed an increase of 110.1% superiorly and 11.4% posteriorly, indicating an increased risk of spinal cord impingement. Progressive AOJ incongruity critically disrupts supportive tissue loading, enabling incremental atlanto-occipital instability. AOJ dysplasia plays a key biomechanical role in the pathogenesis of type II BI.

Micorrizas arbusculares y endófitos septados en tres especies de Thelypteridaceae de ambientes riparios de las Yungas (Tucumán, Argentina)

Background and aims: The status of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in lycophytes and ferns has been analysed in 11% of them. This work aims to characterise and quantify the AMF colonisation and to characterise septate endophytes present on the roots of the Thelypteridaceae: Amauropelta jujuyensis, A. nubicola, and Pelazoneuron patens. M&amp;M: Ten individuals per species were collected in August 2022. Conventional staining and techniques were used to estimate colonisation. Results: The root of Amauropelta jujuyensis, A. nubicola, and Pelazoneuron patens showed AMF with Arum and Paris morphological types simultaneously. The hyphal colonization showed no significant difference among species, arbuscular colonization was significantly higher in A. jujuyensis, while vesicular colonization was considerably higher in A. nubicola. In addition, septate endophytes were evident in the species of the genus Amauropelta. Conclusion: The association of AMF and other fungal endophytes with the native Argentine Thelypteridaceae Amauropelta jujuyensis, A. nubicola, and Pelazoneuron patens is evidenced for the first time in riparian environments of the Yungas. The coexistence of Arum and Paris morphological types in the three studied fern species is demonstrated.

Mixtures of Intrinsically Disordered Neuronal Protein Tau and Anionic Liposomes Reveal Distinct Anionic Liposome-Tau Complexes Coexisting with Tau Liquid-Liquid Phase-Separated Coacervates.

Tau, an intrinsically disordered neuronal protein and polyampholyte with an overall positive charge, is a microtubule (MT) associated protein that binds to anionic domains of MTs and suppresses their dynamic instability. Aberrant tau-MT interactions are implicated in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we studied the interactions between full-length human protein tau and other negatively charged binding substrates, as revealed by differential interference contrast (DIC) and fluorescence microscopy. As a binding substrate, we chose anionic liposomes (ALs) containing either 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine (DOPS, -1e) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG, -1e) mixed with zwitterionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) to mimic anionic plasma membranes of axons where tau resides. At low salt concentrations (0 to 10 mM KCl or NaCl) with minimal charge screening, reaction mixtures of tau and ALs resulted in the formation of distinct states of AL-tau complexes coexisting with liquid-liquid phase-separated tau self-coacervates arising from the polyampholytic nature of tau containing cationic and anionic domains. AL-tau complexes (i.e. tau-lipoplexes) exhibited distinct types of morphologies. This included large ∼20-30 μm tau-decorated giant vesicles with additional smaller liposomes with bound tau attached to the giant vesicles and tau-mediated finite-size assemblies of small liposomes. As the salt concentration was increased to near and above 150 mM for 1:1 electrolytes, AL-tau complexes remained stable, while tau self-coacervate droplets were found to dissolve, indicative of the breaking of (anionic/cationic) electrostatic bonds between tau chains due to increased charge screening. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that distinct cationic domains of tau may interact with anionic lipid domains of the lumen-facing monolayer of the axon's plasma membrane, suggesting the possibility of transient yet robust interactions near relevant ionic strengths found in neurons.