Moringa Supplementation Research Articles

Effect of Moringa supplementation in the management of moderate malnutrition in children under 5 receiving ready-to-use supplementary foods in Niger: A randomized clinical trial

Effect of Moringa supplementation in the management of moderate malnutrition in children under 5 receiving ready-to-use supplementary foods in Niger: A randomized clinical trial

Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract Concomitantly Supplemented with Chemotherapy Worsens Tumor Progression in Mice with Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Obesity

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with a worse prognosis in those with TNBC. Moringa oleifera (moringa) is a tropical edible plant used for both food and medicinal purposes and found to have anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in preclinical models. The anti-cancer effects of moringa seed extract alone and in combination with chemotherapy were evaluated in immunocompromised female mice with diet-induced obesity bearing MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors. Moringa supplementation protected against high-fat diet- and chemotherapy-induced increases in fasting glucose and improved insulin sensitivity. Moringa supplementation alone did not attenuate tumor growth relative to chemotherapy alone, and in combination worsened tumor progression. Moringa supplementation alone reduced angiogenesis, but this effect was abrogated in combination with chemotherapy. Moringa supplementation may be an effective strategy to improve metabolic health in mice with obesity and TNBC and reduce angiogenesis in tumors, but may have a negative interaction when used as a concurrent complementary therapy. Caution should be taken when considering the consumption of moringa seed extracts while receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Further investigations of alternative timings of moringa therapy are warranted.

EFISIENSI PAKAN DAN KUALITAS KARKAS BABI YANG MENDAPAT SUPLEMENTASI LARUTAN DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lam) DALAM “LIQUID FEEDING” (Feed eficiency and pigs carcass quality wich gets supplementation of moringa oleifera solution in liquid feeding)

The study aimed at evaluating the effect supplementation of moringa (Moringa oleifera. L) leaves solution into liquid feeding on feed efficiency and carcass quality in landrace crossbred growing-finishing pig. There were 12 barrows with 18 – 45 (average 29.17) kg, CV 24,17% initial body weight used in the study. Trial method using block design 4 treaments with 3 replicates pocedures were applied in the study. The 4 treatment diets offered in the trial were: T0 = basal diet (control) T1 = basal diet + Moringa leaves colution 5%; T2 = basal diet + Moringa solution 10%; and T3 = basal diet + Moringa solution 15%. Variables evaluiated in the study were: Feed efficiency, carcass quality (carcass weight, carcass percentage, loin eye area and bact fat). Results this study shows the treatment of moringa leaf solution supplementation markedly into liquid feeding is not significant (P>0.05) increased on feed efficiency, carcass weight and loin eye area but significant increased (P>0.05) on carcass percentage and reduced back fat thickness. The conclusion: the treatment of moringa leaf solution has the tendency to increase feed efficiency and can improve the quality of the carcass by increasing the loin eye area and decreasing the thickness of back fat. It was concluded that moringa leaf supplementation in liquid feeding > 10% of the feed can improve carcass quality.

Supplementation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal block on the quality of Bali bull semen

The low calving rate of Bali cattle followed by a decrease in productivity is related to the low quality of semen produced by a male as a genetic carrier for their offspring. This study aimed to determine the effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal block on the semen quality of Bali bull. This study was using 10 Bali bulls aged from 1.5 to 2 years which were divided into two treatment groups. Each group consisting of 5 bulls that were supplemented with Moringa leaf block flour in the diet (P1) and the other 5 bulls as control, P2 (without treatment). The parameters measured in this study were the percentage of microscopic evaluation (mass motility, individual motility, progressive motility). Each parameter in each treatment was compared using the T-test (independent sample t-test). The results of this study indicate that the macroscopic evaluation of semen in P1 was a slightly thick consistency, a slightly milky white color, a distinctive odor, while in P2 it is moderate consistency, slightly translucent color, and specific odor. The volume and pH at which the mean P1 was 1.23 ± 0.57, 6.86 ± 0.33, at P2 was 1.44 ± 0.56, 7.05 ± 0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The results of this study showed that microscopic semen evaluation of bulls supplemented with Moringa leaf block flour in the diet (P1) had significantly (P<0.05) higher than without supplementation (P2). Microscopic evaluation of semen on P1 showed that the mean values of individual motility, concentration, and abnormality were 80.65 ± 5.26, 1.156×106/ml, and 17.31 ± 3.60, respectively, and P2 were 73.23 ± 7.36, 724×106/ml, and 24.10 ± 6.34, respectively. The mean values of mass motility, progressive motility and viability of P1 were (++) 80%, 67.20 ± 6.32, 91.58 ± 7.93, respectively and P2 were (++) 70%, 60.19 ± 7.49, 88.08 ± 11.34, respectively. It can be concluded that supplementation of Moringa leaf block in the diet of Bali bulls can improve the quality of semen.

Supplementation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extract in an extender on the quality of Bali bull semen

In the processing semen, there is a contact between semen and oxygen (O2) to produce free radicals which can reduce the quality of semen. The decrease in semen quality caused by free radicals can be suppressed by the addition of antioxidants in the extender. This study aimed to prove that the Moringa seed extract can be used as an alternative to natural ingredients that can be added to the semen extender, in which it can maintain the quality of Bali bull sperms at equilibration. This study was used one Bali bull for semen collection with the treatment of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extract supplementation into Tris egg yolk (TEY) as an extender; 25% (P1), 50% (P2), 75% (P3). Andromed (P0A) and TEY 100% (P0B) were used as control with three replications. The parameters measured included the individual and progressive motility of the sperms. Each parameter in each treatment was compared using a factorial completely randomized design. The results showed that the use of Moringa seed extract supplemented in the extender resulting both individual and progressive motility of Bali bull sperms decreased slowly in comparison to those without supplementation. The optimum supplementation of Moringa seed extract at 25% could minimize the rate of decrease in sperms motility of Bali bull semen after equilibration.

Moringa protein drink increases testosterone and anabolic status of men with hyperlipidemia: A randomized controlled study

Testosterone is important in health, sexual function, body composition, and athletic performance. However, hormonal levels decrease with metabolic syndrome. Moringa oleifera, traditionally used as an aphrodisiac, has been shown to improve testosterone levels in metabolic syndrome. However, there is a dearth of studies on humans, and the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. This randomized, repeated measures study aims to determine if four-week supplementation of Moringa leaf powder in the form of a protein drink can improve resting levels of testosterone and related hormones, and whether any improvement translates to improved anabolic status during hypertrophy weight training. Relationships between hormonal levels and lipid profile were also explored. Three young men (28.33 ± 2.08) with hypercholesterolemia but normal testosterone levels were blood tested for hormonal levels and lipid profile at three time points: baseline, after Moringa supplementation, and after placebo supplementation. Pre-exercise and post-exercise testosterone and cortisol levels were measured on each testing day. Significant differences were found between Moringa and placebo in resting testosterone, anabolic status, and acute exercise-induced anabolic response. No significant difference was observed in any of the markers of lipid profile. Four-week supplementation of Moringa leaf powder in the form of a protein drink significantly increased resting testosterone and anabolic status in men with hyperlipidemia but with normal testosterone levels. Men with hyperlipidemia showed blunted anabolic response to a hypertrophy weight training protocol, which was attenuated by Moringa supplementation. Mechanisms may be independent of improvements in lipid profile.

Moringa Isothiocyanate-rich Seed Extract Delays the Onset of Diabetes in UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Moringa seeds have been used traditionally in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and contain potent bioactive isothiocyanates. This study evaluated the efficacy of an isothiocyanate-rich moringa seed extract in delaying the onset of T2DM in UC Davis T2DM rats, a well validated model which closely mimics T2DM in humans. Rats were separated into three groups; control, moringa seed extract at 0.4%, and a weight matched group. Rats were fed respective diets for 8 months, during which energy intake, body weight, the onset of diabetes circulating hormones, metabolites and markers of inflammation and liver function, and were monitored. The MS group had a significantly slower rate of diabetes onset p = 0.027), lower plasma glucose (p = 0.043), and lower HbA1c (p = 0.008) compared with CON animals. There were no significant differences in food intake and body weight between all groups. This study demonstrated MS can delay the onset of diabetes in the UC Davis T2DM rat model to a greater extent than moderate caloric restriction (by comparison to the WM group). The results support its documented traditional uses and a bioactive role of moringa isothiocyanates and suggest the potential efficacy for moringa supplementation for diabetes management in populations at risk for T2DM.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES AND LIVE YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, NUTRITIVE VALUE AND RUMEN FERMENTATION IN SHEEP

This study investigated the impacts of dietary Moringa Oleifera leaves (MOL) and yeast culture (YC) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, feeding value and rumen fermentation in sheep. Four digestibility trials were carried out using four healthy mature Saidi rams were used for each trail as 4x4 Latin square. Each trial lasted for three weeks, the first two weeks were considered as a preliminary period followed by one week collection period. The groups were a control group fed basal diet without supplement and treated groups fed MO,2.5% of concentrate mixture (T1), YC, 0.5% of concentrate mixture (T2) and 2.5% MOL + 0.5% YC of concentrate mixture (T3). All of Moringa leaves or yeast culture (YC) was mixed with concentrate diet. All animals were fed 60% of their requirements as DM, concentrate mixture while, wheat straw was given as roughages ad libitum. The experimental design was Latin square model. The data were statistically analyzed using general linear model (G.L.M) procedure of S.A.S (2001) program, version 8.2. The results referred that, the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract were improved (P<0.05) for T3 diet compared with control diet. However, no significant differences were found between T1 and T2 diets or between T2 and T3 diets. Also, the feeding value expressed as total digestible nutrient (TDN), digestible crude protein (DCP) and digestible energy (DE) were higher for T2 and T3 diets than T1 and control diets.No significant differences were observed in ruminal pH among groups. Supplementation of Moringa leaves with live yeast culture to concentrate diet (T3) increased (P <0.05) rumen ammonia nitrogen as compared with other groups. However, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was higher (P<0.05) with supplement YC to concentrate diet group (T2) than other groups. The total bacteria count in rumen liquid was higher (P<0.05) in yeast group (T2) than other groups. Also, all treated groups were higher in total bacteria count than control one. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Moringa leaves and live yeast culture (S. cerevisiae) to concentrate mixture may improve nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation patterns in sheep

Cryopreservation of banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) spermatophores with supplementation of medicinal plant extracts: Development of a programmable controlled-rate method and a practical method

The objectives of this study were to generate the optimal cryopreservation protocols (programmable controlled-rate and practical methods) for banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) spermatophores and investigate the efficacy of plant extracts (moringa, Moringa oleifera Lam and ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on sperm survival and bacterial abundance in cryostored spermatophores. Spermatophores were exposed to various cryoprotectants at different concentrations and equilibrium times prior to examining sperm viability. A minimal toxicity to banana shrimp sperm was observed in spermatophores suspended in 5% DMSO. The optimal freezing protocol using a programmable controlled-rate freezer included exposure of spermatophores in calcium-free saline (Ca–F saline) containing 5% DMSO with 20 min equilibration time, and then utilization of a one-step freezing at the rate of −2 °C min−1 from 25 °C to −80 °C and holding for 30 s before storage in a liquid nitrogen tank. Highest sperm viability of post-thawed spermatophores was obtained after thawing at 30 °C for 2 min in a water bath. Cryopreservation of F. merguiensis spermatophores using a practical method was achieved by suspending spermatophores in Ca–F saline containing 5% DMSO with equilibration time of 20 min at 25 °C and placing at 4 cm over liquid nitrogen surface (a freezing rate of about −2.5 °C min−1) prior to plunging into liquid nitrogen. In order to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts on sperm survival and bacterial abundance of cryostored spermatophores, two freezing protocols (programmable and practical methods) with ethanolic moringa and ginger extracts (0.1 mg mL−1 each) were developed for long-term cryostorage. Moringa and ginger extracts had no detrimental effect on F. merguiensis sperm due to retaining high viable sperm without significant differences (P > 0.05) compared to the control after a 12-month cryostorage. Supplementation of moringa or ginger extract into sperm extender resulted in a reduction of bacterial abundance in cryostored spermatophores. This report, for the first time, indicates the promising potential of plant extracts as an alternative method for controlling bacterial contaminants in cryopreserved spermatophores of penaeid shrimp.

Lactation performance and blood metabolites in lactating dairy cows micro-supplemented with &lt;i&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/i&gt; leaf meal

This study examined the effects of micro-supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on lactation performance and blood metabolites of lactating dairy cows. Thirty Jersey cows (± 40 days in milk (DIM)) were supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (M) at 0 (M0), 30 (M30) and 60 g/cow/day. The experiment lasted until 90 DIM with 14 days adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily and samples were collected once weekly to determine milk composition and total antioxidant capacity (MTAC). Blood samples were collected on days 54, 68 and 90 in milk to determine serum total protein (TSP), albumin (Alb), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum total antioxidant capacity (STAC). Body weight (BW) and milk yield were not affected ( P >0.05) by Moringa supplementation. Moringa supplementation at M60 increased ( P <0.05) milk fat and MTAC with a significant reduction in somatic cell count (SCC). Increased ( P <0.05) total serum protein (TSP) and IgG with reduced ( P <0.05) non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were observed in M60. Increased ( P <0.05) STAC levels were noted in all groups supplemented with Moringa . Micro-supplementation with Moringa oleifera at 60 g/cow/day markedly reduced oxidative stress, which resulted in improved milk quality and immunity in lactating Jersey cows. Keywords: antioxidant herbs, antioxidative status, immunity, Jersey cows, milk yield

Dietary supplementation of Moringa leaf meal for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Effect on growth and stress indices

The current study investigated the effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MLM) on growth and stress indices of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Experimental fish (2.0 ± 0.5 g average body weight) were divided into two groups; one was fed with a diet not supplemented with MLM (control diet), and the other group was fed with a diet supplemented with 1.5% MLM (diet 2) for three-month period. The results showed that MLM incorporation in the diet improved growth indices (body mass gain, specific growth rate, length gain rate and feed conversion ratio) and somatic indices (spleen somatic index, hepatosomatic index and intestine somatic index). Moreover, all hematological indices were also significantly increased. Additionally, stress indices were significantly improved, including antioxidants; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lipid peroxidase; and biochemical indices including enzymes activities of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Transaminase, as well as glucose and cortisol concentrations. Also, markedly up-regulated the expression of related genes; Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes; in fish group fed diet supplemented with MFM as compared with the control group. These results show that MLM effectively alleviated starvation stress through retaining the enhanced growth and stress indices. In conclusion, Moringa supplementation to Nile tilapia has a positive effect as growth promoter and natural anti-stress phyto-therapy.

Evaluating the effects of Moringa oleifera on atherogenic lipoprotein indices of HIV infected Nigerian adults on tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen

Background: The administration of tenofovir (TDF) based (tenofovir/ lamivudine/efavirenz) antiretroviral regimen for the management of HIV has remained a concern to both clinicians and patients, thus necessitating the need for suitable supplement for the management of ART induced metabolic abnormalities. The study evaluated the effects of Moringa supplementation on the atherogenic lipoprotein indices of HIV patients on TDF-based regimen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.Methods: The study was designed as a time dependent investigation structured into 3 visits, visit 1 (cross sectional, baseline), visit 2 (4 weeks after administration) and visit 3 (12 weeks post administration). Subjects recruited (140) into this study comprised of two groups, TDF-M (n=56, administered Moringa Supplement) and TDF-NM (n=84, no supplement).Results: At baseline, more than 50% of the patients had at least one abnormal atherogenic lipoprotein indices (Log (TC/HDL-C) = 85.7%, TC/HDL-C=58.5% and LDL-C/HDL-C=51.4%), although at lower limits. At the end of 12 weeks of Moringa supplement administration, the results showed subjects in the TDF-M group who were at risk of CVD had fallen to 20%, indicating a dramatic (40.4%) decrease, while the prevalence of TDF-NM subject at risk of CVD rose to 53.6% (χ2=26.67, P &lt;0.001). HIV patients on TDF-based regime, who were at risk of CVD had elevated triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols which inversely affected the levels of high-density lipoprotein and negatively impacting the atherogenic indices.Conclusions: Moringa oleifera supplementation may be helpful in ameliorating the metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV patients on TDF-based regimen.

Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on post–thawed semen quality of Senduro Goat

The present study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of Moringa leaves extract in CEP-2 Egg Yolk extender on post-thawed semen quality of Senduro goat semen. Ejaculates were collected once a week for ten weeks from one mature buck using an artificial vagina. CEP-2 egg yolk extender containing a various concentration of Moringa leaves extract (1,3,5,7 %) was prepared in mini French straw (0.25 mL). Semen quality was assessed based on post-thawed sperm motility, viability, abnormality and plasma membrane integrity. The result showed that supplementation of different concentration of Moringa leaves extract in CEP-2 Egg Yolk extender have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the percentage of sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity, but there was no significant effect on the percentage of abnormality (P>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of Moringa oleifera leaves extract 5 % to semen extender could improve post-thawed semen quality.

Increasing of Nutrition Status of Pregnant Women after Supplementation of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa Oliefera) in the Coastal Area of Makassar, Indonesia

Pregnant women are very susceptible to malnutrition, they risk for giving birth to low birth weight babies. Moringa leaves contain fairly complete nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals thatare quite high. This study used a Randomized Double Blind design, Pretest-PostestControlled using a sample of non-anemia pregnant women which divided into two groups, namely the intervention group given Moringa leaf extract and the control group given iron folic supplements. Nutritional status of pregnant women is assessed using a measure of Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) weight gain during pregnancy. The average size of MUAC of pregnant women in the intervention group was 25.72±3.30 cm increasing to 26.42 + 3.24 cm (p = 0.006). The average MUAC in the control group was 25.13±3.03 cm increased to 26.08±3.27 cm (p = 0.000). There was no difference in the increase in MUAC size between the two study groups. The weight of pregnant women in the intervention group increased by 5.07 kg (8.91%) while the control group increased by 6.09 kg (10.85%) during the three months of intervention. Supplementation of Moringa leaf extract can improve maternal nutritional status, especially in the size of the upper arm circumference. Increased nutritional status in pregnant women who consume Moringa leaf extract is no different from pregnant women who take iron folic supplements.

Effect of supplementing moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal on performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to study the benefits of dietary supplementation of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal (MLM) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel meal (PPM) on the performance, carcass attributes, immune and antioxidant responses in commercial broiler chickens during 1–42 days of age. In total, 450 Cobb-400 broiler male chicks raised in wire-floor stainless-steel battery brooder pens in an open-side poultry house were divided into five experimental groups with 18 replicates of five chicks each and fed a standard control diet (CD) and the test diets supplemented with MLM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) or PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg), each at two different concentrations. Bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and carcass attributes were not affected (P &amp;gt; 0.05). The cell-mediated immune response to phytohaemagglutinin phosphate was not influenced (P &amp;gt; 0.05), but the antibody titre against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine was significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) improved by supplementation of MLM or PPM in broiler diet at 42 days of age. However, at 21 days of age, the ND titre was similar in broilers fed CD and 500 mg/kg PPM fed group. Activities of glutathione reductase and super oxide dismutase in liver were not influenced (P &amp;gt; 0.05), while lipid peroxidation (LP) reduced significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) with the herbal additives. The LP in the PPM group was significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) lower than that in groups fed MLM. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) was significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) improved in the PPM group. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (super oxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, GSHPx) in spleen were not influenced (P &amp;gt; 0.05). The degree of LP in the 500 mg/kg PPM group was significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) lower than that in groups fed the CD. It is concluded that supplementation of MLM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) or PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg) in diets improved humoral immune response (against ND vaccine) at 42 days of age and reduced LP in liver in commercial broilers, without showing any negative effects on performance and carcass attributes. Supplementation of PPM (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly improved the activity of GSHPx in the liver of broiler chickens.

Improving Libido and Sperm Quality of Bali Bulls by Supplementation of Moringa oleifera Leaves

Moringa oleifera (Moringa) leaves contain high levels of nutrition that can be utilized as a feed supplement to increase libido and semen quality. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaves supplementation on libido and sperm quality of Bali bulls. This study used two-sample t-test on four Bali bulls were kept under individual pens for two periods of eight weeks. During the first period (control), the experimental Bali bulls were fed concentrates (1% of body weight) and rice straw ad libitum. During the second period, the experimental Bali bulls were fed similar to the first period with an additional of Moringa leaves 15% of the weight of the concentrate (treatments). Libido and sperm quality were measured twice a week. Plasma samples were taken three times a day (06:00, 14:00, and 22:00h) on the last day of each period. Plasma testosterone concentrations were analyzed by using ELISA techniques. Variables measured were compared using paired student's t-test. Supplementation of Moringa leaves increased testosterone levels (P<0.05) (4.57 vs 4.79, 0.45 vs 4.78, and 2.35 vs 5.63 ng/mL, respectively during 06.00; 14.00; and 22.00h), increased libido (P<0.05) (7.20±1.49 vs 3.49±0.40 min), and increased both the total motility (P<0.05) (63.99±3.37% vs 84.96±3.09%) and the progressive motility (P<0.05) (52.77±1.76% vs 67.03±3.74%) of sperm. Supplementation of Moringa leaves also increased (P<0.05) the velocity and the amplitude and decreased (P<0.05) the linearity of sperm. It can be concluded that the supplementation of Moringa leaves could increase plasma testosterone concentrations, libido, and sperm motility of Bali bulls.

Supplementation of Moringa (Moringa oliefera) Powder into Ration in Increasing the Quality of Broiler’s Meat

Guaranteed broiler meat in term of health aspect is necessary currently. Fat and cholesterol contents on broilers are one of quality aspects that should be considered, in which high fat and cholesterol levels would give direct impact on the health of the consumer. Therefore efforts to reduce fat and cholesterol levels of broiler meat are considered to be important. One of the alternatives that could be carried is by supplementing Moringa leaves powder to the chicken ration...

Utilization of Moringa oleifera Lam. in animal production

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is commonly known to Filipinos as “Malunggay”. This tree is abundant in the rural areas, and is a rich source of digestible protein, vitamins and minerals, which are essential components of animal feeds. Thus, it has great potential as feed resource, especially for livestock and poultry smallholder farmers. Using livestock and poultry species, feeding experiments were conducted to determine the effects of moringa on the growth performance of goats and broiler chickens; and on the laying performance of chickens and quails and on the quality of their eggs. A grass-legume (60:40) diet consisting of para grass (Brachiaria mutica) in combination with either moringa or Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) or katuray (Sesbania grandiflora) were fed to goats for 60 days. Dry matter intake was measured daily, while the body weight (BW) was measured monthly. Dry matter intake was higher in goats fed with para grass and moringa (P<0.05), which resulted in higher weight gains (P<0.05). In other experiments, moringa leaves and seeds in different preparations, i.e., fresh, extract and meals were investigated in poultry. Effects on egg production, egg weight, and percentage of broken eggs, yolk color and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were assessed in quail and layer chickens, while the influence on live weight and return on income were evaluated in broiler chickens. Egg production was higher, while egg weight was heavier, yolk color was darker and the FCR was better in layer quail supplemented with 5% moringa leaf meal (All, P<0.05) as well as in White Leghorns provided with 100 mL moringa leaves extract added L-1 of water (P<0.05). On the other hand, the supplementation of moringa seed meal in the diet of Babcock layers reduced the percentage of broken eggs (0.017 vs. 0.032; P<0.05). Meanwhile, the ad libitum feeding of fresh moringa leaves to broiler chickens, did not affect body weight gain; however, the net income per bird increased by 6 Philippine pesos. Based on the findings, moringa leaves and seeds can be used as a supplement in the diet of livestock, layers and broilers because it increased production performance and income, and improved the quality of eggs produced.

English

&nbsp; This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary mixtures of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and broiler finisher (M-BF) [moringa leaves, broiler finisher and crushed maize (M-BF-CM); broiler finisher and crushed maize (BF-CM); and broiler finisher (BF)] on antioxidative potential and physico-chemical characteristics of breast meat from broilers. Antioxidant activity (AA), ultimate pH (pHu), lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and cooking loss (CL) were determined in breast meat samples from each group. The AA of the extract was evaluated using ferric reducing power and the radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2&rsquo;-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) (ABTS). Total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins contents of breast meat were also determined. Similarly, the&nbsp;in vivo&nbsp;antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated in meat by determining the activity of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation. Moringa fed samples exhibited the highest phenolics (15.5 &plusmn; 0.22 mg/g tannic acid equivalent) and flavonoids (29.9 &plusmn; 0.32 mg/g tannic acid equivalent) content.&nbsp;There were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) observed on the broiler slaughter weight (SLW), pHu, CL, a* and b* in all the meat samples. The highest carcass weight (CW), and L* values were observed in breast samples of M-BF-CM and M-BF, respectively.&nbsp;These findings suggest that moringa supplementation could result in free radicals inhibition, thus enhancing the oxidative stability of meat without having effects on the physico-chemical characteristics of meat. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Moringa, broiler meat quality, polyphenols, lipid oxidation, enzymes.

Effect of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Moringa oleifera&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Quality Characteristics of Wheat Bread

The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30℃± 1℃) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p % to 3.28%), ash (1.10% to 1.65%), protein (9.07% to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51% to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20% to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p cm3, 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm3/g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.