Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) is rich in amino acids, ascorbate, zeatin, minerals, and many other compounds known for their growth-promoting potential, and proline has become a powerful osmolyte. Therefore, a pot experiment was aimed to study the effect of foliar spray with aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves (3%) and proline (25gL-1) on some morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield of five genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under water stress. The results showed that the exogenous proline and moringa leaf extracts led to increased plant height, total plant fresh weight, total plant dry weight, flag leaf area, total chlorophyll content, relative water content, membrane stability, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity by DPPH, total soluble sugar, proline content, spike length, spike weight, spiklet per spike, number of grains per spike, grains weight per spike, number of spike per pot, grain yield per pot, biological yield per pot, harvest index with the exception of electrolyte leakage under drought stress. These results demonstrated the importance of foliar application of proline and moringa as tolerance inducers of drought stress leading to improvements in physiological and biochemical attributes in plants grown under the adverse conditions of environmental stresses. According to the results of principal component analysis (PCA), there were significant contribution and strong correlation between studied traits responded by wheat genotypes especially Hasad and Rezan.

A combined approach of fingerprint, chemometric analysis, and network pharmacology based on available studies was employed to identify quality markers (Q-markers) in Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) for hyperglycemia. Subsequently, we conducted a quantitative analysis of these Q-markers to provide a scientific basis for quality control and clinical application of MOLs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish the fingerprint of MOLs, and similarity evaluation and common peak identification were conducted. Chemometric methods were applied to screen differential biomarkers of MOLs from different batches. Based on the findings from network pharmacology, a "component-target-pathway" network was constructed using the identified key targets and pathways to predict the potential hypoglycemic Q-markers of MOLs. Moreover, 12 batches of MOLs were used as research objects to determine the content of Q-markers. Four compounds associated with therapeutic efficacy were identified as Q-markers through fingerprint analysis and a series of chemometric methods. Network pharmacology analysis was performed based on the chosen Q-markers to elaborate the potential pharmacodynamic mechanisms. More importantly, it will provide a reference for further research on the quality control and pharmacological substance basis of MOLs, as well as data support for the rational utilization of MOLs medicinal materials.

Nutritional enhancement, antinutrient reduction, sensory quality, and acrylamide mitigation in biscuits fortified with oil-assisted debittered Moringa oleifera leaf powder

Partial replacement of Soybean Meal with Cricket nymph (Acheta domesticus) and Moringa Oleifera leaf meal in broiler diets: Impacts on performance, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility.

Heat stress induces oxidative stress, which damages lipids. Sow milk contains complex lipids, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. This study analyzed the effects of electronic cooling pads (ECP), and dietary supplementation from late gestation to weaning with the antioxidant-rich feedstuff, Moringa oleifera, on the milk lipidome of sows. A 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted with mixed-parity Yorkshire x Landrace sows (n = 48). All sows were fed a basal corn-soybean meal control diet, but half of the sows (n = 24) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 4% ground Moringa oleifera leaf powder. Dietary treatments began on gestation day 100. Heat stress (HS) exposure for all sows began on gestation day 110, with one half of the farrowing crates fitted with ECP. The combination of the two diets and two environmental treatments resulted in 4 treatments groups: HS fed CS basal diet (HS+CS), HS fed basal diet plus 4% M (HS+M), ECP +CS, and ECP+M (n = 12/treatment). Milk was collected on days 0, 3, and 14 of lactation to respectively represent colostrum, transitional and mature milk. Lipids were extracted using the Bligh and Dyer method, and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring profiling. Statistical analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 6.0. Parity and day significantly affected milk lipid profiles, altering chain lengths and unsaturation number in a manner that potentially reflected differences in lipid mobilization between primiparous and multiparous sows. Independent of day and parity effects, ECP and diet also influenced the milk lipid profile. ECP increased the proportion of longer-chain triacylglycerols (TG), indicating protection against oxidative damage related to heat stress. Moringa increased fatty acid chain length and unsaturation on diacylglycerides (DG) with 25 carbons and 4 unsaturated bonds (25:4) as well as 26:11, 25:5, and 20:7, indicating Moringa supplementation potentially increased flavonoids, polyphenols, and other plant lipids that may function as antioxidants. Supplementing diets with Moringa and conductively cooling sows exposed to a heat stress environment altered lipid profiles of milk in a manner that supports incorporation of plant lipids into milk fat that function as antioxidants, and a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids, which may affect the overall quality of milk neonates receive in terms of nutrition and bioactivity.

Accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in the ageing brain contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression by secreting a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that exacerbates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Senolytic agents that selectively eliminate SnCs have emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy; however, safer natural alternatives remain underexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the senolytic potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOL) in an in vitro AD-senescence model using SH-SY5Y cells exposed to amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) oligomers. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 20 µM Aβ oligomers exhibited a senescent phenotype, characterised by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positivity and upregulated nuclear expression of p21, p16, and γH2AX. Treatment with 300µg/mL MOL significantly reduced the number of cells expressing senescence-associated molecular markers and induced apoptosis in SnCs, while attenuating the secretion of pro-inflammatory SASP cytokines, including IL-8 and TNF-α. Overall findings suggest that MOL extract preferentially targets SnCs and mitigates SASP-associated inflammation. These results support the potential of MOL as a natural compound with senolytic activity and provide a foundation for further development into its therapeutic relevance in AD.

Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) is a carbohydrate-rich plant extract that may support intestinal homeostasis. The colon, as the principal site of the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrate, is susceptible to barrier disruption. However, the effects of MOLE on colonic health in piglets and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study systematically characterized the composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of MOLE, evaluated its effects on colonic health in piglets, and explored the potential mechanisms using the fermentation of colonic digesta and an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2) oxidative stress model. MOLE was predominantly composed of carbohydrates and showed measurable chemical antioxidant activity. In weaned piglets, dietary MOLE alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colonic histological injury by suppressing CD14-dependent TLR4 signaling, enhancing NFE2L2-GCLC-mediated antioxidant defenses, up-regulating OCLN and MUC2, and modulating microbial and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. In colonic digesta fermentation, MOLE supported carbohydrate-driven fermentation, as indicated by rapid bacterial growth, sustained acetate-dominant SCFA production, decreased pH, increased gas production, and the absence of branched-chain fatty acids. In IPEC-J2 cells, MOLE enhanced GCLC and GPX expression and promoted GSH-GPX-based antioxidant defenses under hydrogen peroxide challenge. MOLE alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby helping to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Together, these results support MOLE's development as a practical feed additive. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Moringa Oleifera (MO) is a potential plant-derived cancer treatment. Its anticancer effects are multi-targeted and include immunological stimulation, regulation of oxidative stress, and induction of apoptosis. To fully evaluate the implications of MO on lung cancer in in vitro and in vivo models, this mini-review focuses on linking these observations with cytotoxic, molecular, and immunological effects. Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, comparative studies on MO extracts, phytochemicals, and nanoparticle-delivered anticancer activities against lung cancer were identified. Fourteen studies were included: twelve in vitro (primarily on A549 NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells) and two in vivo. Measures including immune responses, ROS modulation, apoptosis markers, and cell viability were used to evaluate the results. In vitro models, MO consistently reduced the viability of lung cancer cells, induced apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway (Bax/Bcl-2 switch, cytochrome c release, caspase activation), and blocked oncogenic signaling pathways (NF-kB, EGFR, STAT3, VEGF). Nanoparticle formulations (AuNPs, AgNPs, CuO NPs, PdNPs) demonstrated greater cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity than crude preparations. In vivo, MO leaf extracts suppressed tumor growth in urethane-treated rats in a manner comparable to cisplatin, and MO polysaccharides repolarized tumor-associated macrophages from an M2 to an M1 phenotype and enhanced CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration in Lewis lung carcinoma mice. This mini-review highlights the potent anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera against lung cancer through apoptosis induction, oxidative stress modulation, and inhibition of oncogenic signaling and angiogenesis. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo results, further standardized and clinical studies are required to validate its therapeutic efficacy and safety. Through a variety of mechanisms, including apoptosis, redox balance, angiogenesis, and immune modulation, this review demonstrated Moringa oleifera's potent anticancer activity in both in vivo and in vitro models of lung cancer. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera represents a promising preclinical candidate for further investigation as a supportive strategy in non-small cell lung cancer, pending validation through standardized in vivo and clinical studies.

The development of gluten-free biscuits with high nutritional value presents a challenge for the food industry. This study evaluated the dough behavior and quality characteristics of gluten-free biscuits obtained using the raw materials sorghum flour, sesame paste, and Moringa oleifera leaf powder. Ten formulations were developed, including a control sample without moringa, using a mixture design that generated different combinations between sorghum flour, sesame paste, and powdered moringa. Moringa-enriched biscuits showed significant nutritional improvements, with protein increasing by 40% (12.07–16.93%), fiber by 92% (2.78–5.34%), polyphenols more than twofold (52.88–120.66 mg GAE/100 g), and flavonoids more than threefold (110.44–335.30 mg QE/100 20 g). Technological properties such as rheology, texture, color, and water activity varied with formulation. Moringa addition darkened biscuits (L* 35.61–49.74) and increased hardness by 62% (20.53–33.19 N). All doughs exhibited dominant viscoelastic behavior (G′ > G″), with higher sorghum levels leading to increased viscoelasticity. FTIR analysis confirmed characteristic functional groups of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins across samples. Sensory evaluation indicated good overall acceptance, with a preference for the control sample and the sorghum-rich formulation (F4), which contained the lowest amounts of sesame paste and powdered moringa. Overall, Moringa oleifera enhances both nutritional and technological properties of gluten-free biscuits; therefore, it can contribute to the development of functional products from local resources.

Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) remain major global health burdens due to high morbidity, treatment costs, and the emergence of antiviral resistance. Plant-derived compounds offer a potential alternative or complementary therapeutic approach. This study evaluated the antiviral effects of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) leaf extracts on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from HBV- and HCV-infected patients. To determine and compare the phytochemical profiles of A. indica and M. oleifera leaf extracts and assess their antiviral activity through induction of apoptosis and necrosis in virus-infected PBMCs. Leaf extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening. PBMCs isolated from HBV- and HCV-infected patients were treated with each extract and analyzed by flow cytometry to quantify live, apoptotic, and necrotic cell populations. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with significance set at P < 0.05. Phytochemical analysis revealed that A. indica contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and steroids, whereas M. oleifera contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins but lacked glycosides and saponins. In HBV-infected PBMCs, A. indica significantly reduced live cell percentages from 24.3% to 11.35% and increased necrotic cells from 18.98% to 55.43%. In HCV samples, live cells decreased from 40.27% to 37.78%, while necrosis increased from 21.35% to 30.1%. M. oleifera demonstrated comparatively moderate effects consistent with its simpler phytochemical profile. A. indica exhibited strong antiviral potential, markedly enhancing necrotic responses in HBV- and HCV-infected PBMCs, while M. oleifera showed moderate activity. These results highlight the therapeutic promise of phytochemical-rich extracts, particularly A. indica. Further investigations-including in-vivo validation, dosage formulation, cost-effectiveness assessments, and evaluation of synergistic effects with existing antiviral therapies-are warranted to advance their development as complementary treatments for chronic viral hepatitis.

Bio-insecticidal efficacy of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica leaf powders against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus

Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) supplementation is being investigated in the poultry industry for its nutritional and medicinal properties. However, its effects on birds' performance, particularly egg production, are scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of MOLM on biochemical parameters and egg production of egg-type chickens from day-old to 55 weeks of age. A total of 450 day-old chicks were assigned to three dietary treatments of basal diet supplemented with 0%, 1% and 3% MOLM, with 5 replicates of 30 birds each. Data on egg production were collected up to 55 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected from 15 birds per treatment via the jugular vein at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 weeks of age for biochemical parameter analysis. The results showed that feed intake was reduced in birds fed 1% and 3% of M. oleifera. Higher (p < 0.05) egg weights and lower triglyceride were recorded in the birds fed 3% of MOLM during the rearing period. However, plasma calcium, triglyceride level, and egg production were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed 1%M. oleifera in the diet. Birds in the control group had lower (p < 0.05) average total cholesterol and higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than those of the other treatments. To conclude, the incorporation of 1% M. oleifera leaves in layer-type diet for a long period resulted in an increase in blood calcium, triglyceride, and egg production, whereas 3% inclusion significantly increased egg weight but decreased triglyceride level.

This study aimed to optimize the process parameters for developing nutritionally enriched biscuits incorporating Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) seed powder using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of MOLP percentage (10-30%), baking temperature (170-200°C), and baking time (10-14 min) on six critical responses: spread ratio, colour index, hardness, water activity, baking weight loss, and overall sensory acceptability. In addition to RSM-based numerical optimisation, the Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) algorithm was used to further optimise the polynomial models generated by RSM, enabling a robust metaheuristic search for global optima and enhancing the reliability of the optimised process conditions. Numerical optimization yielded an ideal formulation comprising 10% MOLP, 30% jackfruit seed powder, a baking temperature of 193.68°C, and a baking time of 13.97 minutes. The optimized biscuit exhibited a spread ratio of 6.22, colour index of 161.68, hardness of 2500.58 g, water activity of 0.66, baking weight loss of 7.23%, and overall acceptability score of 7.95, with a desirability of 0.828. Validation trials showed strong agreement between predicted and experimental values for most responses (p > 0.05), confirming the model's reliability. These findings demonstrate the potential of underutilized plant ingredients to improve biscuit nutrition while maintaining sensory quality, supporting their use in functional food development.

Background/Objectives: Metabolic diseases are increasingly associated with diets low in bioactive compounds. Native maize varieties possess functional potential; however, they remain underutilized. Moringa oleifera leaf flour (MF), rich in protein and polyphenols, represents a promising functional ingredient. This study evaluated the incorporation of MF into red native corn tortillas and its effects on nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity, as well as assessed its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in Wistar rats. Methods: Tortillas were formulated with 5% MF. Nutritional composition was determined using standard AOAC methods, while bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric, DPPH•, and ABTS•+ assays, respectively. Male Wistar rats (12 weeks old, with an approximate weight ofs 360 g; n = 5/group) were fed the experimental diets for 21 days with either a standard diet, a high-fat diet, or high-fat diets supplemented with MF or MF-enriched tortillas. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL were measured using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: MF incorporation increased protein (+19.85%), dietary fiber (+18.51%), and mineral content (+41.03%) compared to control tortillas. Total phenolics and flavonoids increased by 114.0% and 184.7%, respectively. Antioxidant activity improved significantly, as evidenced by reductions in IC50 values of 41.1% (DPPH•) and 43.1% (ABTS•). In vivo, MF-enriched tortillas reduced triglycerides by 68.4%, total cholesterol by 16.2%, and hepatic lipid accumulation by 31.8% compared to the high-fat diet group. Glucose levels showed a reduction of 8.5%, although not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The incorporation of MF into red corn tortillas significantly enhances their nutritional and functional properties. In vivo results also showed improvements in lipid profile and a non-significant reduction in glucose levels. These findings support the development of functional foods based on traditional staples with potential health benefits.

Unveiling the formation mechanism of Moringa oleifera leaf flavonoids aglycones during Monascus anka fermentation by using integrated widely targeted metabolomics and proteomics analysis.

Enhancing the quality and shelf life of strawberries: Study of pectin-based films and application of coatings with natural deep eutectic solvents and Moringa oleifera leaf extract.

Moringa oleifera leaves are rich in phytochemicals, including flavonoids and polyphenols, with reported antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile of an aqueous-ethanolic extract and its efficacy against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. LC-MS/MS identified 80 metabolites, mainly flavonoids and amino acids. The extract showed moderate antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays, with a total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of 24.73 mg GAE/g DW and 2.95 mg CE/g DW, respectively. In vivo, mice given toxic APAP doses and treated with the extract (50 or 200 mg/kg) exhibited improved liver histology, reduced serum ALT and AST, suppressed CYP2E1 activity, and restored glutathione levels. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, MCP-1, TNF-α) and hepatic iNOS and NF-κB expression were also downregulated. Additionally, liver metabolomics revealed normalization of lipid metabolism and prostaglandin levels. These findings suggest that M. oleifera extract confers hepatoprotection via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic pathways, supporting its potential in functional food and nutraceutical applications. • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified 80 metabolites in Moringa oleifera leaf extract • Extract reduced acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice via multiple mechanisms • Hepatoprotection involved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and CYP2E1 suppression • Liver metabolomics showed normalization of lipid and prostaglandin profiles. • Extract demonstrated potent in vivo hepatoprotective effects in mice.

Various light sources-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B using magnetically separable and reusable MnFe2O4/Cdots synthesized utilizing Moringa oleifera leaf extract and watermelon peel.

This study develops, validates, and implements a data-driven Multi-Agent System for Multi-Objective Optimization (MAS-MOO) to support the industrial Moringa oleifera leaf extraction process, where multiple conflicting objectives must be optimized simultaneously.Using an experimental dataset comprising 31 process and environmental features, a LightGBM model is trained to predict four normalized objectives: extraction efficiency (Q1), liquid quality (Q2), process stability (Q3), and energy efficiency (Q4).The learned predictive model is embedded into a multi-agent coordination mechanism that negotiates actions to generate diverse Pareto-optimal solutions under four environmental scenarios (Highland-Dry, Highland-Wet, Lowland-Dry, and Lowland-Wet).Performance is evaluated using 10 independent random seeds per scenario and compared against three established multi-objective evolutionary baselines (NSGA-II, MOEA/D, and SMS-EMOA), resulting in a total of 160 runs.Across all scenarios, MAS-MOO achieves the highest hypervolume values (0.200-0.225), indicating superior coverage and diversity of the obtained Pareto sets, and attains the lowest inverted generational distance in three scenarios (0.094-0.100), demonstrating strong convergence toward the reference front; NSGA-II is marginally better only under the Highland-Wet condition.Overall, the results confirm that MAS-MOO provides a favorable convergence-diversity trade-off and robust performance across varying environmental conditions, supporting its use as a practical decision-support framework for multiobjective extraction process optimization.

Background: Known for its nutrient-rich content, the Moringa oleifera (MO) plant is prevalent in Africa and India. MO has significant anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, making it a useful nutraceutical. Objective: To examine similarities and differences in fresh and aged MO leaf extracts phytochemical profiles. Materials and Methods: We used ethanolic plant leaf extracts from North American and Central American harvests (100% or 80% ethanol with 20% water) and analyzed total phenolic content, absorbance, and fluorescence profiles. We also performed capillary electrophoresis separations and collected liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data. Furthermore, we examined mass spectral data from ethanolic extracts of both fresh and aged plant leaves. Results: Fresh aqueous ethanolic (80%) leaf extracts led to greater total phenolic content, greater absorbance and fluorescence signal, and more abundance in electropherograms by capillary electrophoresis with absorbance detection. Aged leaf extracts produced varied results. Thirteen phytochemicals were determined by LC-MS (isoamyl nitrite, ethosuximide M5, trolamine, octopamine (p-hydroxyphenylethanolamine), veratric acid, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, racepinephrine, pyridoxine, chlorogenic acid, o-coumaric acid, tiagabine, quercitrin, and dihydroquercetin) to be present in fresh and aged leaf extracts. Conclusion: Fresh and aged MO leaf extracts showed distinct phytochemical profiles. Fresh samples exhibit more compounds with phenolic structures and anti-inflammatory properties. Differences in these samples likely result from autooxidation and/or changes in environmental factors affecting plant growth.