Oligella Urethralis Research Articles

Complete genome sequence of Oligella urethralis MSHR-50412PR, isolated from an ear discharge swab of a child with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Oligella urethralis are opportunistic pathogens typically associated with genitourinary infections. Here, we report the complete genome for an Oligella urethralis isolate recovered from ear discharge of a child with chronic suppurative otitis media (strain MSHR-50412PR). The genome comprises 2.58 Mb, with 2,448 coding sequences and 46.26% average GC content.

CHARACTERIZATION OF ARSENIC RESISTANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE SOIL OF KHULNA SHIPYARD

Thirty four arsenic resistant bacterial strains were isolated from the soil samples of Khulna Shipyard. They were isolated by growing them on nutrient broth medium containing 5 mgl-1 of arsenic. From them, five strains were finally selected, and studied their morphological, biochemical and ecological characters in details. They were identified as Bacillus lichenifomis, Bacillus polymyxa, Listeria murrayi, Moraxella urethralis and Planococcus citreus. All of these strains were able to tolerate upto100 ppm (mgl-1) of arsenic (III). It is possibly due to the presence of arsenic (III) resistance mechanism(s) in these bacterial strains. The optimum pH and temperature for the growth of these bacterial strains were 8.5 and 37 °C, respectively.

Novel standoff detection system for the classification of chemical and biological hazardous substances combining temporal and spectral laser-induced fluorescence techniques⋆

In an effort to reduce the potential risk of human exposure to chemical and biological hazardous materials, the demand increases for a detection system which rapidly identifies possible threats from a distance to avoid direct human contact to these materials. In this scope, we present a novel detection system which is able to measure simultaneously spectrally and temporally resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signals excited by two consecutive laser pulses with different central wavelengths at 266nm and 355nm. As is shown in this paper, the setup enables fast data acquisition that provides a complete dataset in less than a few milliseconds at repetition rates of 100Hz. Furthermore, with its modular design, it can be transported easily for operation at different locations. First measurements indicate a high performance with an accuracy of more than 97% in the distinguishability of bacterial specimen within a limited set of three representative bacterial species, namely Bacillus thuringiensis, Micrococcus luteus and Oligella urethralis. Together with the consecutive classification procedure, the setup promises to become a valuable tool for standoff detection of bio-hazards.

Standoff detection and classification of bacteria by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence

Abstract Biological hazardous substances such as certain fungi and bacteria represent a high risk for the broad public if fallen into wrong hands. Incidents based on bio-agents are commonly considered to have unpredictable and complex consequences for first responders and people. The impact of such an event can be minimized by an early and fast detection of hazards. The presented approach is based on optical standoff detection applying laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) on bacteria. The LIF bio-detector has been designed for outdoor operation at standoff distances from 20 m up to more than 100 m. The detector acquires LIF spectral data for two different excitation wavelengths (280 and 355 nm) which can be used to classify suspicious samples. A correlation analysis and spectral classification by a decision tree is used to discriminate between the measured samples. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the system, suspensions of the low-risk and non-pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus brevis, Micrococcus luteus, Oligella urethralis, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Escherichia coli (K12) have been investigated with the system, resulting in a discrimination accuracy of about 90%.

The first case report of emphysematous pyelonephritis and bacteremia due to Oligella urethralis

Oligella urethralis (O. urethralis) is an organism that rarely causes infections in humans. We report the case of a 90-year-old bedridden woman with progressive dementia who was placed in a long-term-care facility. She was admitted to our hospital due to fever and unconsciousness with pyuria. The abdominal computed tomography showed left pneumatosis and urinary stone. Fluoroquinolones-resistant O. urethralis, which was identified by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was isolated form the blood and urine cultures at admission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by O. urethralis.

Use of 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing for identification of Oligella urethralis that was misidentified as Fransciella tularensis by an automated system

Introduction: Oligella infections are rare and have been only rarely reported in the literature. This may be due to the misidentification of Oligella as a Moraxella-like organism. To the best of our knowledge, we present what we believe to be the first case report on Oligella urethralis bacteraemia in India. Case presentation: A 65-year-old female patient with compromising underlying illness presented with signs and symptoms of bacteraemia. The organism was initially identified as Fransciella tularensis by a bioMérieux colorimetric VITEK 2 Compact GN ID card, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the isolate as O. urethralis. Conclusion: The case emphasizes the importance of O. urethralis as an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Although automated systems allow accurate and rapid identification of commonly isolated bacterial organisms, they are less likely to correctly identify slow-growing, fastidious, rare or biochemically inert organisms. Therefore, it is good to confirm such isolates with a second method such as 16S sequencing and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS.

<i>Oligella urethralis </i>による尿路感染症に続発した菌血症の1 例

An 82-year-old bedridden man with sequelae from a cerebral infarction was admitted to a welfare institution for the elderly. He developed a high fever and hematuria and was prescribed levofloxacin for the treatment of a suspected urinary tract infection. Although his condition improved, the symptoms subsequently recurred; therefore, levofloxacin was again administered. He remained febrile and was admitted to a hospital due to recalcitrant urinary tract infection. Immediately after admission, he developed ischuria and pyuria. Urine and blood cultures at admission indicated the presence of levofloxacin-resistant Oligella urethralis (O. urethralis). He recovered with ceftriaxone medication. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacteremia associated with a urinary tract infection caused by O. urethralis in Japan.

Bacterial and fungal microflora on the external genitalia of male donkeys (Equus asinus)

This study was undertaken to investigate the bacterial and fungal microflora on the external genitalia of a population of healthy male donkeys in the state of Michigan, USA. The aim was to identify and determine the frequency of occurrence of these microorganisms using seven different isolation media and standard microbiological procedures. The sites (urethral fossa [fossa glandis], dorsal diverticulum of the urethral sinus, distal urethra, and penile surface) in the distal reproductive tract were cultured and each isolated microorganism identified. Ten different genera of gram-positive bacteria, eight different genera of gram-negative bacteria, and two genera of fungi were isolated from the external genitalia of the 43 donkeys in this study. All 43 donkeys yielded gram-positive bacteria (2–8 species) from all four sites sampled. Arcanobacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. were the most frequently isolated gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were cultured from 16 (37.2%) of the 43 donkeys, with Acinetobacterlwoffii (16.3%), Oligella urethralis (11.6%), and Taylorellaasinigenitalis (9.3%), the most frequently isolated. Fungi were cultured from only 5 (11.6%) of the 43 donkeys, with Rhizopus spp. isolated from 3 (7.0%) and Cladosporium spp. from 2 (4.7%) individuals. The testes and epididymides collected from 40 donkeys at time of castration were culture negative. Few differences were found in the bacterial flora between prepubertal and mature intact and castrated donkeys. Of notable interest was the scarcity of known equine pathogens across the population tested and isolation of T. asinigenitalis from normal donkeys, especially prepubertal individuals and previously castrated males.

Oligella urethralis as a Cause of Urosepsis

Oligella urethralis is rarely isolated from clinical specimens. This report describes a case of O. urethralis urosepsis in an elderly male with urinary tract obstruction, illustrating the invasive potential of the the organism as a pathogen in patients with urinary tract obstruction. Case Report

Ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels ( Camelus dromedaries): Biochemical, bacterial and protozoal evaluation

The aim of this study was to evaluate female camels affected with ovarian hydrobursitis (n = 31) for hematological and biochemical findings and for bacterial and protozoal infections. Blood samples were obtained and surgical ablation of the affected bursa was performed. Bursal fluid, follicular fluid, and serum were subjected to hormonal and biochemical analyses. Bursal fluids were cultured and colonies were identified using BioMérieux Vitek two compact system. Passive haemagglutination test was used for detection of Trypanosoma evansi. Indirect ELISA technique was carried out for detection of anti-Hydatid cysts anti-bodies. Neutrophilia was found in the affected animals (P = 0.01) with tendencies for monocytosis (P = 0.06) and eosinophelia (P = 0.05). Bursal fluid had a tendency for high estradiol-17 β concentration compared to blood serum (P = 0.07). Progesterone and cholesterol concentrations were similar in bursal fluid, follicular fluid and serum. Total protein, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in the bursal fluid than in serum. Oligella urethralis, Alloiococcus otitis, Granulicatella adicens, Escherichia coli, Sphingobacterium thalpophilum, Streptococcus sanguinis, Aeromonas salmonicida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus hominis, and Rhizobium radiobacter were isolated from 46.7% of bursal fluids. T. evansi was positive in 9.7% of cases . None were positive for hydatid cyst. Accordingly, we suggest that the ovarian hydrobursitis syndrome is initially an inflammatory process and the accumulated bursal fluid is partially originated from follicular fluid.

Isolation ofSchineriasp. from a Man

Isolation of<i>Schineria</i>sp. from a Man

Septicemia caused by Oligella urethralis in a patient with end-stage cancer

Septicemia caused by Oligella urethralis in a patient with end-stage cancer

A herd level analysis of urinary tract infection in dairy cattle

Cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis in cattle most commonly result from ascending urinary tract infection with Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium cystidis, Corynebacterium pilosum or Escherichia coli. We describe the clinical, bacteriological, clinical–pathological and epidemiological findings in a dairy cattle herd with urinary tract infection (UTI). Blood and urine samples from 17 calves and 19 cows were submitted to laboratory examinations. Depression, muscle wasting, weakness and frequent urine dribbling were the main characteristics of UTI in calves. Affected cows showed weight loss and an abrupt reduction in feed intake and milk production. Enlargement of the left kidney and loss of normal lobulation were evident on rectal examination. E. coli was the most frequent cause of UTI but C. renale, α-haemolytic Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and Oligella urethralis were isolated as well. Differences in total protein and several protein fractions were found between affected and healthy animals.

A Study on the Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Bulk Tank Milk

Bulk tank milk from 131 dairy herds in eastern South Dakota and western Minnesota were examined for coliforms and noncoliform bacteria. Coliforms were detected in 62.3% of bulk tank milk samples. Counts ranged from 0 to 4.7 log10 cfu/ml. The mean count was 3.4 log10 cfu/ml. Gram-negative noncoliform bacteria were observed in 76.3% of bulk tank milk. Counts ranged from 0 to 6.2 log10 cfu/ml. The mean count was 4.8 log10 cfu/ml. A total of 234 isolates from bulk tank milk were examined to species level; 205 isolates belonged to 28 species. Coliforms and gram-negative noncoliform bacteria accounted for 32.9 and 67.1% of the total isolates, respectively. Organisms such as Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bordetella spp., Comamonas testosteroni, Listonella damsela, Ochrobactrum anthropi, and Oligella urethralis were isolated from bulk tank milk in this study. These organisms have not been reported previously in bulk tank milk. A total of 116 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from raw milk; 98 isolates belonged to nine Pseudomonas spp., and the remaining 18 isolates could not be identified to their species level. Pseudomonas was the most predominant genus. Pseudomonas fluorescens was the most predominant species isolated from bulk tank milk and accounted for 29.9% of all isolates examined. The results of the study suggest that counts of coliforms and noncoliform bacteria in bulk tank milk vary considerably. The isolates represent a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species. Examination of bulk tank milk for coliforms and noncoliform bacteria could provide an indication of current and potential problems associated with bacterial counts and milk quality.

Development of a PCR test for rapid diagnosis of contagious equine metritis.

In order to establish a rapid diagnostic method for contagious equine metritis (CEM), we developed and evaluated a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Species-specific PCR primer sets were derived from the DNA sequence of a cloned DNA fragment of Taylorella equigenitalis that did not hybridize with the genome of a taxomonically related species, Oligella urethralis. Single step PCR with primer set P1-N2 and two-step semi-nested PCR with primer sets P1-N2 and P2-N2 detected as low as 100 and 10 CFU of the bacteria, respectively. Single-step PCR detected T. equigenitalis from genital swabs of experimentally infected mares with sensitivity comparable to that of bacterial isolation. Furthermore, two-step PCR was more sensitive than the culture method. Upon examination of field samples, 12 out of 3,123 samples were positive by single-step PCR while only 2 were positive by bacterial culture. The 12 PCR-positive samples originated from 5 mares, of which 3 animals were considered to be carriers based on previous bacteriologic and serologic diagnoses for CEM. The PCR test described in this study would provide a specific and highly sensitive tool for the rapid diagnosis of CEM.

Quinolone resistance in Oligella urethralis-associated chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis

Oligella urethralis is an organism which is normally isolated as a commensal from the genitourinary tract. We describe the first two reported cases of CAPD-associated peritonitis caused by this organism. Both isolates were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, while relatively sensitive to a wide range of antimicrobial drugs. These findings indicate that this organism may be an opportunistic pathogen for CAPD patients, and that extensive ciprofloxacin usage provides a selection pressure for emergence of resistance.

Neisseria weaveri sp. nov. (formerly CDC Group M-5), from Dog Bite Wounds of Humans

The taxonomic relationships of strains belonging to Centers for Disease Control group M-5 were examined. Previous studies of rRNA cistron similarities placed this organism on the Neisseriaceae rRNA branch of rRNA superfamily III; the closest neighbors included the genus Neisseria and groups EF-4a and EF-4b. The group M-5 strains were characterized by a range of phenotypic tests, and their G + C contents and DNA-DNA relatedness levels were determined. In addition, a numerical taxonomic analysis of the whole-cell protein patterns (obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of group M-5 and related taxa was performed. The strains studied included 45 group M-5 strains, the type strains of six Neisseria species or subspecies, three group EF-4a reference strains, and three group EF-4b reference strains plus the type strain of the phenotypically similar organism Oligella urethralis. Our results showed that the group M-5 strains were members of a homogeneous taxon distinct from phylogenetically closely related taxa. The genomic divergence as revealed by levels of rRNA cistron similarity and phenotypic characteristics indicate that group M-5 can be considered a new species of the genus Neisseria. We therefore propose the new species Neisseria weaveri, with NCTC 12742 (= CCUG 4007 = ISL775/91 = LMG 5135) as the type strain. N. weaveri strains are strictly aerobic, gram-negative, nonmotile, rod-shaped organisms which are catalase and oxidase positive, nonsaccharolytic, and able to grow on MacConkey agar and do not reduce nitrate but generally reduce nitrite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Infections Caused by Moraxella, Moraxella urethralis, Moraxella-Like Groups M-5 and M-6, and Kingella kingae in the United States, 1953-1980

From 1953 to 1980 the Centers for Disease Control received 933 isolates of bacteria belonging to species of the genus Moraxella, Moraxella-like Moraxella urethralis, now renamed Oligella urethralis, unnamed groups M-5 and M-6, and Kingella kingae. Ordinarily sterile sites were the source of 233 isolates. Moraxella nonliquefaciens, the most common isolate (356 strains), was recovered from upper respiratory or ocular sites in 208 (58%) of the cases. Moraxella osloensis was next most common (199 strains) but was the most frequent blood isolate (44 cases). K. kingae appeared especially invasive, with 58 of 78 isolates from blood, bone, or joint. Of the K. kingae strains, 75% were recovered from children under 6 years, compared with 23% of the other strains from that age group (P less than .01). Of the 74 isolates of group M-5, 53 were from wounds caused by dog bites; no other organism in this series was recovered from such wounds. Sixteen of the 28 M. urethralis isolates were from urine. Cases occurred as single infections, with no evidence of clusters. Of patients with infection of ordinarily sterile sites, 9.3% died; only bacteremia, meningitis, and empyema caused fatalities. Most referring laboratories (98%) had not identified the organisms to species, and only 30% had identified them to correct genus. Susceptibility testing by broth dilution revealed low MICs of penicillin (mean, 0.3; 64% less than 1 micrograms/mL). Moraxella, M. urethralis, M-5, M-6, and Kingella are important but frequently misidentified pathogens for humans; penicillin appears to be the treatment of choice.

Cultural and chemical characterization of CDC groups EO-2, M-5, and M-6, Moraxella (Moraxella) species, Oligella urethralis, Acinetobacter species, and Psychrobacter immobilis.

We determined phenotypic characteristics, cellular fatty acid composition, and isoprenoid quinone content of representative strains of CDC groups EO-2, M-5, and M-6, Moraxella (Moraxella) species, Oligella urethralis, Acinetobacter species, and Psychrobacter immobilis. All organisms contained ubiquinone with eight isoprene units as the major isoprenolog, but distinct differences were observed in fatty acid composition. Twenty-eight of the original collection of CDC group EO-2 strains were further identified as P. immobilis, EO-2, or EO-3 by distinctive cellular fatty acid profiles, cellular morphology, and pigment production. The cellular fatty acid compositions of M-5 and M-6 were similar but were clearly different from those of other organisms. The genus Acinetobacter was differentiated from other organisms in the study by small amounts of 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid (2-OH-12:0), and P. immobilis was differentiated by small amounts of decanoic acid (10:0) and a branched-chain 17-carbon acid (i-17:0). All Moraxella species were distinguished by small amounts of decanoic acid (10:0) and the absence of i-17:0. M. bovis, M. nonliquefaciens, and some strains of M. lacunata formed a single fatty acid group, while M. osloensis, M. phenylpyruvica, M. atlantae, and other strains of M. lacunata (M. lacunata II) had species-specific fatty acid profiles. O. urethralis differed from Moraxella species by the presence of large amounts (49%) of cis-vaccenic acid (18:1 omega 7c), small amounts (1%) of 3-hydroxyhexadecanoate (3-OH-16:0), and the absence of 10:0 and 3-hydroxydodecanoate (3-OH-12:0). The combined use of chemical data and a small number of conventional tests permitted rapid identification and differentiation of these organisms from each other and from related organisms.

Oligella, a New Genus Including Oligella urethralis comb. nov. (Formerly Moraxella urethralis) and Oligella ureolytica sp. nov. (Formerly CDC Group IVe): Relationship to Taylorella equigenitalis and Related Taxa

The taxonomic relationships of Moraxella urethralis, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group IVe, Taylorella equigenitalis, and other gram-negative bacteria were studied by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins, and serological, biochemical, and auxanographic analyses. A high relationship was detected between M. urethralis and the CDC group IVe strains. However, no relationship of M. urethralis and CDC group IVe with genuine Moraxella species was observed. We describe a new genus, Oligella, containing two species: Oligella urethralis (to accommodate Moraxella urethralis) and Oligella ureolytica (to accommodate CDC group IVe strains). The type species is Oligella urethralis, with type strain ATCC 17960T. The type strain of Oligella ureolytica is CDC C379 (ATCC 43534, CCUG 1465, LMG 6519). Oligella is a member of rRNA superfamily III, containing, e.g., the Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas solanacearum complexes and Chromobacterium, Janthinobacterium, and Neisseria species. The closest relatives of Oligella species are Taylorella equigenitalis and the Alcaligenaceae family.