Moral Perception Research Articles

Longitudinal associations between moral injury perceptions and mental health among healthcare workers during the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic strained the healthcare system and resulted in higher rates of potentially morally injurious events. These events are perceived as violating one's own moral code, so a more precise construct label could be moral injury perceptions (MIPs). MIPs may exacerbate stress-related symptoms. However, consistent with the broader literature on mood-congruent cognitive bias, stress symptoms may also exacerbate MIPs. To test this bidirectional hypothesis, we examined the relationship between MIPs and stress symptoms among healthcare workers during the first year of the pandemic. Online questionnaires for MIPs and stress-related symptoms (i.e., pandemic-related posttraumatic stress [PTSS], perceived stress, depression, and anxiety) were completed in April/May 2020 (time point one [T1]; N = 184), 1 month later (time point 2 [T2]; N = 135), and 6 months later (time point three [T3]; N = 112). Findings from cross-lagged panel modeling favored unidirectional models, but the direction of the relationship varied by symptom type. Perceived stress, PTSS, and depression, all predicted increased MIPs at a later time point. However, in a reversal of direction, MIPs predicted increased anxiety. Results suggest that MIPs may function as both a predictor and an outcome of stress-related symptoms. Mood-congruent cognitive biases could account for why depression, PTSS, and perceived stress predicted subsequent MIPs, whereas MIPs may have exacerbated more generalized anxiety about the future. Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of early access to mental health services for healthcare workers during public health crises to disrupt the relationship between MIPs and stress-related symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Longitudinal Associations Between Moral Injury Perceptions and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the Pandemic

Supplemental Material for Longitudinal Associations Between Moral Injury Perceptions and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the Pandemic

Uncovering prospective teachers’ sense of moral agency within a multi-layered framework: an integrative grounded theory approach

ABSTRACT Using an integrative grounded theory design, this study investigated prospective teachers’ moral perceptions, emotions, behavioral intentions, and reasons for their moral behavioral intentions concerning their future teaching to uncover whether prospective teachers’ sense of moral agency would be explained within a multi-layered framework. The data were collected through semi-structured focus-group interviews with 40 conveniently sampled prospective teachers. The results revealed that prospective teachers’ sense of moral agency encompassed perceptual (i.e. moral perceptions, emotions, behavioral intentions, and reasons for moral behavioral intentions), regulatory (i.e. prescriptive and proscriptive moral regulation systems), and contextual layers (i.e. personal, interpersonal, and social contexts). Theoretical and practical implications were also discussed in the study.

Investigation of Moral and Social Rule Perceptions, Prosocial Behaviors and Emotion Regulation Skills of 60-72 Months-Old Children Attending Preschool Education Institution.

The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationships between the prosocial behaviors and emotion regulation skills of children aged 60-72 months attending pre-school educational institutions and their conceptions of moral and social rules. The sample group consists of 423 children (200 female and 223 male) aged 60-72 months and their families, selected among students attending kindergartens and pre-schools in Merkezefendi, Pamukkale, Tavas and Kale districts of the Denizli province using the Simple Random Cluster Sampling method in Turkiye. The "Preschool Children's Conceptions of Moral and Social Rules" scale was used to evaluate the conceptions of the children regarding moral and social rules while the "Prosocial Behavior Scale" and the "Emotion Regulation Checklist" were used to evaluate their prosocial behaviors and emotion regulation skills, respectively. The data were analyzed using the t-test and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) techniques. The study's findings revealed that a significant relationship between the variables of prosocial behaviors, emotion regulation and the conception of moral and social rules. The findings obtained from the analysis in this study were discussed within the scope of related studies in the literature and various suggestions were made for future studies within the framework of the conclusions reached.

Factors affecting ability of TB patients to follow treatment guidelines – applying a capability approach

BackgroundNegotiating anti-Tuberculosis treatment is a complicated process comprising daily consumption of multiple medications at stipulated times and dosages, as well as periodic follow-ups and investigations, may not be uniform for all Tuberculosis (TB) patients and some may perform better than others. In this context, we conducted a study in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala to ascertain the ability of those suffering from TB to follow treatment guidelines.MethodsThis study used an embedded mixed methods design. We collected cross-sectional data from 135 drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients aged 18 years or above in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala using a structured questionnaire to get the proportion of patients following all treatment guidelines. We also did eight in-depth interviews (four men and four women) from within the survey sample. The in-depth interviews were inductively analysed for getting deeper insights about reasons for the choices people made regarding the treatment guidelines. Written informed consent was taken from all participants and the study was implemented after the necessary programmatic and ethical clearances.ResultsOf the 105 men and 30 women studied, uninterrupted daily drug consumption was reported by 80 persons (59.3%, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 50.8-67.2%). Overall, 38 (28.2%, 95% CI 21.3%-36.3%) persons were able to follow all seven aspects of advised guidelines. Living in an extended/ joint family (Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0), approximate monthly household expenditure of over rupees 13,500 (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.7) and no perceived delay in seeking initial care (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.7) were significantly associated with following all aspects of treatment guidelines. In-depth interviews revealed reflective treatment related behaviours were influenced by bodily experiences, moral perceptions, social construct of TB, programmatic factors and substance use. Sometimes behaviours were non-reflective also. Programmatic stress was on individual agency for changing behaviour but capability and opportunity for these were influenced social aspects like stigma, gender roles and poverty.ConclusionTB patients live amidst a syndemic of biomedical and social problems. These problems influence the capabilities and opportunities of such TB patients to follow treatment guidelines. Interventions should balance focus on individual agency and social abd economic factors.

Ethical Perceptions of Tax Avoidance and Spiritual Balance Dimensions

This research is about tax avoidance viewed from the perspective of gender and business scale in analyzing ethical perceptions. This study was conducted using primary data by collecting questionnaires distributed to small and medium-sized industrial entrepreneurs in the province of Bali. The samples used were 52 female entrepreneurs and 48 male entre­preneurs. A comparison of ethical perceptions of tax avoidance was tested using Wilcoxon. The research shows no significant difference between the ethical perceptions of small and medium entrepreneurs on tax avoidance and the moral perceptions of male and female entrepreneurs. The correct tax policy must convince taxpayers to fulfil their obligations, primarily through a spiritual dimension that can strengthen taxpayers' confidence not to commit moral hazard. This study adopts the concept of Rwa Bhineda because today's world will lead to the black-and-white era referred to as Rwa Bhineda.

Moral reasoning behind the veil of ignorance: An investigation into perspective-taking accessibility in the context of autonomous vehicles.

Perspective-taking (PT) accessibility has been recognized as an important factor in affecting moral reasoning, also playing a non-trivial role in moral investigation towards autonomous vehicles (AVs). A new proposal to deepen this effect leverages the principles of the veil of ignorance (VOI), as a moral reasoning device aimed to control self-interested decisions by limiting the access to specific perspectives and to potentially biased information. Throughout two studies, we deepen the role of VOI reasoning in the moral perception of AVs, disclosing personal and contingent information progressively throughout the experiment. With the use of the moral trilemma paradigm, two different VOI conditions were operationalized, inspired by the Original Position theory by John Rawls and the Equiprobability Model by John Harsanyi. Evidence suggests a significant role of VOI reasoning in affecting moral reasoning, which seems not independent from the order in which information is revealed. Coherently, a detrimental effect of self-involvement on utilitarian behaviours was detected. These results highlight the importance of considering PT accessibility and self-involvement when investigating moral attitudes towards AVs, since it can help the intelligibility of general concerns and hesitations towards this new technology.

Stratégies d’acculturation, jugement et (dés)approbation sociale chez les immigrés : une approche intra-groupe

IntroductionFew studies in France have examined the impact of acculturation strategies chosen by immigrants on intra-group relations. However, facing rejection from one's peers or evolving in a different way in the host country can be as important as being accepted by the majority. This study aims to address this deficit by investigating immigrants’ acculturation preferences, social judgements and social approval towards a target of the same origin according to its acculturation profile. MethodIn two studies of Malagasy (n=111) and Maghrebi (n=106) immigrants, participants were presented with a fictional portrait of a Malagasy or Maghrebi immigrant adopting an assimilation or separation strategy. Participants were asked to report their evaluation of the target (competence, sociability, morality) and their approval of the target. Their own inclination towards acculturation strategies was measured. ResultsAssimilationist targets are perceived as more competent (study 1) and more sociable (studies 1 and 2) than separatist targets. Malagasy participants were more likely to perceive the assimilationist target as less moral when they were inclined to separatism. North African participants perceive the assimilationist target as more moral when they themselves prefer assimilation. Both samples approve of the target's assimilation strategy more if they themselves are inclined toward it. ConclusionThe results revealed that participants’ preference for different acculturation strategies could increase their perceptions of the target's morality and their approval of his/her acculturation strategy, especially when there was congruence of the target's acculturation with that of the participants.

Генезис и место в системе знаний представлений о добре и зле

The article examines the ontological genesis of good and evil, the place of ideas about these categories, as well as ethical tools in the form of moral and ethical norms in the system of knowledge about the world. It states the existence of the problem of fragmentation of the knowledge system, which affects the sphere of philoso-phy, including ethics. The origin of good and evil from the processes of creation and destruction is argued. Thus, the connection between the ideas about these categories and the understanding of benefits for mankind, society and civilization is shown, as well as the historicity of ethical ideas that change with the expansion of knowledge and socio-economic development of society. As a priority direction in the evolution of the system of moral and ethical perceptions, the development of the system of knowledge, of which ethics is a part, is sug-gested. Such development can be facilitated by the empirical-metaphysical general theory of systems pro-posed by the author. There is a significant discrepancy between legal theory and practice and the system of ethical ideas, the overcoming of which can also be ensured by the expansion of knowledge and the formation of their integral system.

Iris Murdoch’s “Attention” and the Care of the Elderly

Iris Murdoch’s “Attention” and the Care of the Elderly

Influences of Internal and External Factors on Morality

Morality concerns individuals in every society and is important for the normal functioning of the society. Individuals are guided by morality in daily activities and may engage in emotions such as moral anxiety when moral perceptions conflict with moral behaviours. This study provides a review of the factors that influence morality from both internal and external influences. The results indicated that external factors that influence morality include the upbringing environment, childhood experiences. The internal factors that influence morality mainly include the function of brain areas and mental disorders. On the base of the review of prior studies, this paper makes recommendations for future research and practice development. Future research should systematically compare the effects of innate and acquired factors. In addition, the link between the neural structure of the brain and morality beforehand needs to be further explored. More research methods from other research fields are yet to be newly applied in the field of moral sense research.

Advances in Ethics: Moral Perceptions and Ethical Actions in the Context of Workplace Relationships

Advances in Ethics: Moral Perceptions and Ethical Actions in the Context of Workplace Relationships

Perceptions of Heroism: Characteristics, Functions and Influencing Factors among Chinese College Students in the Post-pandemic Era

Heroes play a significant role in shaping the popular perceptions of morality, justice, and social values in general. During the Covid-19 pandemic, people’s anticipation for heroes doubles and their heroism may be reshaped by the pandemic. This paper attempts to investigate the perceived heroism of Chinese higher education students(n=847) in the post-pandemic era by means of the online questionnaire. Firstly, we explore the main characteristics of heroes worshipped by Chinese higher education students, which are summarized as diversified, epoch-making and civilian. Then we investigate the functions of heroes, which are categorized as enhancing, moral modeling and protecting. Finally, we analyze the five factors (intrinsic attraction, social reinforcement, education, family background and publicity) that may predict students’ heroism worship. As the regression analysis reveals, the five factors have significantly positive influences on higher education students’ perceptions of heroism and the weights of intrinsic attraction, social reinforcement, publicity, family background and education are 0.364, 0.316, 0.227, 0.190 and 0.156 respectively. These findings not only provide a theoretical and empirical contribution to the study of heroism, but also help develop Chinese higher education sustainable development in the post-pandemic era.

Education and Womens Identity: Missionary Initiatives and State Intervention in Early Twentieth Century Kerala

The intervention of missionaries in twentieth-century Kerala offers fascinating insights into the intricate relationship between education and the reordering of social norms in late colonial India. Comprising of the former Princely states of Travancore, Cochin, and British Malabar, the region witnessed significant strides in administrative modernization and educational advancements by the early decades of the twentieth century. Several factors including the progressive nature of the princely state and the influence of Marxist ideologies, the role of the christain missionaries and the prevalence of matrilineal practice among caste groups were attributed for the advancements made in education and health. Yet what distinguishes Travancore, was the presence of a strong indigenous Syrian Christian group, whose presence attracted Western Protestant missionaries into Travancore. Missionary intervention extended byond the realm of religion and shaped had an important bearing on education, including women's education in shaping individual perceptions of sanity, morality, and hygiene, leading to the reconfiguration of social and community relationships.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ УРОВНЯ ПРАВОВОГО СОЗНАНИЯ УСТУДЕНТОВ И МЕРЫ ПО ЕГО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ

The article deals with the relevance of the current situation of weak or even absent legal consciousness of university students, specifies its causes and proposes countermeasures to strengthen the legal consciousness ofuniversity students. The aim of this work is to investigate the degree of formation of students’legal consciousness, in relation to various spheres of life activities and moral perceptions related to the legal consciousness of the individual. The result of this work should be the development and implementation of theoretically and empirically grounded program of formation of legal consciousness and legal competence of future specialists.

Analysis of college students' phone call behavior while riding e-bikes: An application of the extended theory of planned behavior

ObjectiveElectric bicycles have become increasingly popular in China in recent years. Due to a lack of professional training, collisions involving electric riders are expected. Students tend to talk on the phone while riding their e-bikes, so it is necessary to regulate their behavior. MethodsThis study analyzed college students' phone behavior while riding using a hierarchical regression model, which considered demographic factors and psychological factors from the extended theory of planned behavior. Among the additional factors added were moral norms, risk perceptions, and mobile phone addiction. ResultsThe study found a significant positive effect of past behavior and mobile phone addiction on college students' behavioral intentions. Crash, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and risk perception had a negative effect on behavioral intentions. After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, the extended theory of planned behavior explains 46.1% more of the intentions. ConclusionThese results have a positive effect on reducing student cycling phone behavior and provide theoretical support for management. Schools need to pay attention to students' past behaviors and raise awareness of the risks of cycling on the phone.

A New Synthesis among IR Theories? Moral Leadership in International Relations

Abstract There is currently not only a retrogression of the global economy and governance in progress but also one of international morality, which the growth of populism has destructed. Moral retrogression has yet to arouse the same level of awareness among policymakers and the public as has economic retrogression. Scholars like Yan Xuetong, Joseph Nye, and Richard Ned Lebow, however, have discerned this problem and its significance. This article compares Yan and Nye, with respect to the gradual convergence of their views on leadership, along with that of Lebow’s perceptions of morality. But how can the research agendas of a moral realist, a neoliberalist, and a constructivist converge? It is argued that deep underlying similarities exist between their views on the nature of world politics and the perceptions of the current international order that may facilitate a much broader account of the international system. The relevance of this theoretical movement to real-world events is clear. Such convergence on moral leadership both reflects the reality of a moral leadership deficit and constitutes an antidote to the current global chaos.

Sport identification, moral perceptions and collective action: A study with young football players

AbstractWe conducted a cross‐sectional study investigating whether sport identification predicts different forms of collective action intentions aimed to redress the unfavourable condition faced by disadvantaged individuals. In doing so, moral perceptions (moral convictions, moral violation and moral obligation) were tested as mediators. Participants were young football players from the grassroots of a professional Italian club (N = 111). Results revealed that sport identification was indirectly associated with greater willingness to engage in both normative and non‐normative solidarity‐based collective action via stronger moral obligation perceptions; moral convictions mediated the relationship between sport identification and normative collective action, while no mediation effects emerged for moral violation. We discuss findings in relation to collective action and sport research.

WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE ACCOUNTING STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON ACCOUNTING ETHICAL ISSUES?

There are still several scandals associated with code of conduct offenses. It highlights the importance of ethical behavior. The aim of this project is to see about the ethical perspective of an accounting student influenced by the religiousness, passion for currency and etiquette sensibility. The research utilized primarily data from the respondent questionnaires with a sample of 92 respondents.. Methods utilized in this experiment are Quantitative methods by SPSS statistical analysis using a Likert scale. The technique used in this test is the reliability test, Validity Test, Classical Assumption Test, Hypothesis Test. The results of the analysis showed that Religiousness, passion of money and simultaneous ethical awareness influence positively on the moral perception of accountancy students..

Testing a moral exemplar intervention in a non‐conflict context: The effects of moral exemplars on key dimensions of outgroup evaluations

AbstractMoral exemplar interventions have been shown to increase many positive intergroup outcomes, including perceptions of outgroup morality. However, existing research on moral exemplar interventions has only been conducted in post‐conflict contexts. This study investigates the effects of a moral exemplar intervention on outgroup evaluations in a non‐conflict context. By examining the effects on three key dimensions of outgroup evaluations (morality, sociability, and competence) in Sweden, we aim to extend the generalizability of moral exemplar interventions. An online experiment was conducted with self‐identified Swedes (N = 193) to explore the effects of outgroup (Middle Eastern) moral versus neutral exemplars. Results indicate that moral exemplar stories increased perceptions of outgroup morality while not significantly affecting perceived outgroup competence or sociability. These findings support the hypothesis that moral exemplars influence a specific positive dimension of outgroup evaluations, namely perceptions of morality, rather than any positive dimension such as sociability or competence. The present study also gives tentative support for the applicability of moral exemplar interventions in contexts and settings with no recent history of collective violence.