Moral Meaning Research Articles

Reading the Old Norse–Icelandic “Maríu saga” in Its Manuscript Contexts

Reading the Old Norse–Icelandic “Maríu saga” in Its Manuscript Contexts

Religion in the Twenty-First Century

Religion in the Twenty-First Century

Sohibul Hikayat: Text, Context, and Defense

Sohibul Hikayat is a traditional art of speech performance presented by storytellers from the Betawi region who came from the Middle East. Therefore, the stories told in Sohibul Hikayat, among others, came from Persia, such as One Thousand and One Nights, Nurul Laila, and Alfu Lail wal Lail. The storyteller is presented in the form of prose, and even some rhymes are inserted, there are no specific scenes or humorous characters, such as in wayang, mask, or lenong. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the text, context, and survival of Sohibul Hikayat's oral tradition in the community by making efforts to protect Sohibul Hikayat's wealth as a national asset from extinction, documenting Sohibul Hikayat as an effort to preserve, study in the form of analysis and grouping Sohibul Hikayat status. The stories in Sohibul Hikayat often combine fictitious stories and true stories. The combination of these two types of stories aims to educate and convey the moral message to the listeners. Interesting stories accompanied by interludes of humor in it are also a special entertainment for connoisseurs Sohibul Hikayat. The story of Sohibul Hikayat has many values that can be drawn from the moral meaning and entertainment, this oral literature should be introduced back into society.

Relationship between moral sensitivity and the quality of nursing care for the elderly with Covid-19 in Iranian hospitals

BackgroundThe quality of care has a significant impact on the condition of elderly patients. Many factors affect the quality of care, including ethical considerations. Ethical considerations, such as moral sensitivity, change in times of crisis. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between moral sensitivity and the quality of nursing care for the elderly with Covid-19 in Iranian hospitals.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. The participants included 445 nurses that were selected by quota sampling method from hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients. The data were collected using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) and Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPAC) as self-reports. We used the SPSS software v.16 for statistical analysis.ResultsThe total score of moral sensitivity and quality of care was 52.29 ± 16.44 and 2.83 ± 0.23, respectively. Moral sensitivity negatively correlates with psychological, social, and physical aspects (P < 0.05). Modifying autonomy, interpersonal orientation, and experiencing moral conflict predicted β = 0.10 of the psychosocial aspect of quality of care. Structural moral meaning and expressing benevolence predicted the changes in the physical dimension of quality of care (β = 0.02).ConclusionThe quality of care had a significant inverse correlation with moral sensitivity. Multiple regression analysis showed that modifying autonomy, interpersonal orientation, and experiencing moral conflict could predict the psychosocial dimensions. Structuring moral meaning could predict the physical dimension. The communication aspects were not related to any of the dimensions of moral sensitivity.

‘In this Light, then, or rather in this Darkness’

This article reconsiders John Bender’s reading of Fielding’s fiction and proposals for judicial reform in Imagining the Penitentiary by replacing Fielding’s writings in their religious context. Bender links Fielding’s use of omniscient narrators to his insistence on penal procedure and to his organising information in narrative sequences. Even though Bender’s analyses prove fruitful to account for certain formal innovations brought forth by Fielding, they tend to overlook Fielding’s hatred for Methodism and its consequences on his novels, parodies and satires. Contrarily to Samuel Richardson, who relied on prefaces and authorial interventions to make sure that the moral meaning of his novels was unequivocal, Fielding used prefaces and intrusive narrators to highlight the fictionality of his works and to be both more transparent and more opaque about his own writing practices. Fielding’s avowals of fictionality are meant to destroy the illusion of narrative authenticity, which can easily turn into hypocrisy, which Fielding often links to Methodism and Pamela. However, they also contribute to giving a greater liberty and responsibility to the reader. If Fielding’s novels participate in the ‘rise of the penitentiary’, it is not because they institute the narrator as a judge, but rather because they organise the disappearance of the author through the perfection of the narrative architecture.

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Compassion Fatigue and Moral Sensitivity of Intensive Care Nurses.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the relationship between compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity of intensive care nurses. Method: Permission was obtained from the ethics committee, institution, and nurses prior to the study. The population of the study consisted of all nurses working in a university hospital, and the sample consisted of 144 intensive care nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected through the Questionnaire, the Compassion Fatigue Scale, and the Moral Sensitivity Scale. The total score of the compassion fatigue scale ranges between 24 and 120, and a high score indicates a "high level of compassion". The total score of the moral sensitivity scale, on the other hand, varies between 30-210, and as the score increases, moral sensitivity decreases. The obtained data were evaluated with Student t, One-Way Anova, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and correlation analysis. Results: It was found that 55.6% of the nurses had a bachelor's degree, 44.4% had been working in the intensive care unit for 4-6years, 39.6% had professional ethical dilemmas, and 44.6% of those who had ethical dilemmas could not solve this problem. Compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity scale mean scores were found to be 83.3 ± 6.7 and 125.4 ± 7.2, respectively, and there was a positive correlation between compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity mean scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mean score of the compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity scale of intensive care nurses was at a "moderate" level, and there was a positive correlation between the nurses' moral sensitivity scale and compassion fatigue scale scores. In line with these results, it can be suggested that the compassion fatigue and moral sensitivities of nurses especially those working in intensive care be evaluated in terms of resolving the ethical dilemmas they may experience in patient care, and these nurses be supported on these matters.

Hermeneutika Hadis Zaghlul an-Najjar

The understanding of the Prophet's hadith has been carried out by hadith observers for a long time using various approaches, such as linguistic (textual) and contextual approaches that seek to capture the moral meaning of hadith so that it can be applied to every era. Meanwhile, another approach that has not received much attention from hadith observers is the hermeneutic approach. One of the figures who gave his attention was Zaglul an-Najjar especially in understanding the hadith of the prophet that gave scientific (scientific) cues. This paper specifically highlights Zaglul an-Najjar's hermeneutical ideas in understanding the Prophet's hadiths that contain scientific cues. As a result, in understanding the hadith of the Prophet Zaglul through several stages, namely: selecting hadiths that contain scientific cues, checking the quality of hadith, collecting hadiths that talk about the same theme, conducting linguistic analysis, analyzing the context of hadith, looking for correlations of scientific hadith with the Qur'an. 'an and other hadith, and understand the hadith with a modern scientific approach.

Vulnerability in the Context of Migration: a Critical Overview and a New Conceptual Model

The notion of “vulnerability” occupies a central role in academic literature, policymaking, humanitarian debates, and everyday discourses on migration and asylum. Its popularity has led some academics and practitioners to use “vulnerability” as a self-explanatory condition or phenomenon. However, a common and systematic understanding of the concept is still missing, and the moral and political meaning often ascribed to this notion may have (un)intended detrimental consequences for those migrants deemed vulnerable. Thus, this paper sets out to critically unpack and highlight the complexities hidden behind this notion in order to provide a conceptual analysis of vulnerability in the context of migration. We do so by (1) providing an overview of definitions of vulnerability across different fields of research, (2) identifying common conceptualizations or types of vulnerability and discussing their implications, and (3) highlighting possible negative societal and psychological consequences of its implementation in the context of migration. Finally, we propose (4) a new conceptual model for understanding vulnerability in the context of migration, showing how this notion can become a useful analytical tool in migration research.

Philosophical and Tragic Component of the Artistic Conception of Myroslav Skoryk’s Opera “Моses”

Relevance of the study. Myroslav Skorykʼs opera “Moses” is a landmark work in both the composer’s heritage and the modern Ukrainian musical theater. Inheriting the multilevel concept of the literary source of the libretto — the poem of the same name by Ivan Franko — the work causes interpretive discrepancies. In the I. Frankoʼs formulation the main theme of the work is connected with the tragedy of the personality, the leader and the biblical prophet Moses, who was called to lead the Jewish people out of Egyptian slavery. The analysis of the musical means of expressing the tragic constituent of the concept has not yet become the subject of a separate study, remaining in the shadow of the socio-political topics that are more relevant for the Ukrainian society. This determines the novelty and relevance of the study.&#x0D; Main objective of the study is to identify the signs of the musical embodiment of the philosophical and I. Francoʼs tragic plan of at the genre-dramatic and intonation-thematic levels of realization of the artistic concept of the M. Skorykʼs opera “Moses”.&#x0D; Methodology. The article uses the methods of system, genre-dramatic and intonationalsemantic analysis of musical work.&#x0D; Scientific novelty. For the first time the philosophical-tragic aspect of the concept of opera is specially considered, its priority is proved, the signs of intonational unity of the opera are revealed, the features of monotheism are indicated.&#x0D; Main results and findings of the study as well as a conclusion. The artistic concept of the opera “Moses” is read on the textual (reinterpreted b y I. Franco biblical history) and four contextual levels (allegories of Ukrainian history, religious and general philosophical, autobiographical). Disclosure of the multilevel concept is carried out by means of musical-intonational drama, built by M. Skoryk on the principle of hierarchically and logically organized spiritual-musical universe. By musical means the composer builds a system of biblical prototypes (Moses — Christ), correspondences (rebels Aviron and Dathan — evil spirits Azazel and Johavedda), symbols and subtexts (Poet and Moses in the opera as the Ivan Francoʼs alter ego) of poetic origin, spiritual and moral meanings.&#x0D; The intonational unity of the opera is based on the orchestral theme-epigraph from the Prologue. The main leitmotifs and characteristics of the actors are based on its modified elements. Careful elaboration of details, ingenuity of thematic work, appeal to baroque methods of revealing the sacred in the text are designed to express the concept of ontological unity of the world, genetically linked to the biblical worldview.&#x0D; The predominance of tragic signs on the plot (death of Moses and the rebels), dramaturgy (passion), intonation-thematic levels (catabasis, symbol of the cross) allows us to conclude about the philosophical tragedy of the genre of opera. In the aspect of revealing the tragedy of the personality M. Skoryk’s opera resonates with similar works by M. Mussorgsky, P. Tchaikovsky, D. Shostakovich, A. Schnittke, R. Shchedrin and others.&#x0D; The methodological paths outlined in this article allow us to further reveal new and new hidden meanings and subtexts of the opera.

When Good People Break Bad: Moral Impression Violations in Everyday Life

The present research investigated the emotional, interpersonal, and impression-updating consequences of witnessing events that violate the moral character impressions people hold of others. Across three studies, moral character violations predicted broad disruptions to participants’ sense of meaning, confidence judging moral character, and expectations of others’ moral characters. Participants who were in real life closer to perpetrators, directly victimized, and higher in preferences for closure and behavioral stability reported more negative outcomes. Moreover, experimental manipulations showed that character violations lead to worse outcomes than the comparable experience of encountering consistently immoral others. The authors discuss implications for research on moral perception and meaning, as well as on understanding responses to everyday revelations about people’s characters.

Stanley J. Stein (1920–2019)

Stanley J. Stein (1920–2019)

On the (Possible) Moral Meaning of the Beautiful in Kant

With his Critique of Judgment, Kant aimed to establish a connection between the Understanding, concerning the sensibly cognizable, and Reason, concerning the domain of the intelligible, completing, thus, his critical system of Reason. However, to establish this bridge over the “incalculable gulf fixed between the domain of the concept of nature […] and the domain of the concept of freedom, as the supersensible” is not as easy as it may seem: since each of these faculties has its own ground, it is not legitimate for us to establish a direct link between the sensible and the intelligible. Thus, even when Kant claims “beauty as a symbol of morality” one cannot link Ethics and Aesthetics if not at a transcendental level, merely by an analogy between their forms of reflection. It is only by analogy that we can hope to find moral significance in (the beautiful forms of) nature – but that does nothing to reduce the importance of this significance for the Kantian system (especially with regard to the fulfilment of the dispositions of a rational being in the sensible world). This paper dwells on the Kantian doctrine of symbolization of morality and the (possible) moral meaning of the beautiful on nature.

Australian adolescents’ beliefs and perceptions towards healthy eating from a symbolic and moral perspective: A qualitative study

Unhealthy food choices among adolescents are considered a significant health concern. Current rhetoric adds a moral dimension to food and considers adolescents as moral and healthy eaters or less moral or less healthy eaters. While much research has investigated the structural barriers and facilitators to healthy eating, minimal scholarship has investigated Australian adolescents' symbolic and moral boundary beliefs and perceptions of healthy eating from different socioeconomic statuses. Using Lamont’s (1992, 2000) concept of ‘moral boundary work’ and Sayer’s (2005, 2011) ideas on the moral dimensions of social class, we explore Australian adolescents' beliefs and perceptions towards healthy eating from a symbolic and moral boundary perspective. The study consisted of seven focus groups interviews (N = 27) with Australian adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 (10 male, 17 female) across three different socioeconomic status secondary schools. An inductive thematic analysis approach was adopted to analyse the data. Adolescents associated healthy eating with 1) beliefs and perceptions, 2) moral judgement, and 3) ethical eating and food sustainability priorities. Overall, adolescents constructed and applied their own moral and symbolic meanings to healthy eating. Furthermore, adolescents exerted their moral boundaries by comparing their food choices with their families and peers. Current research is mixed if adolescents from low socioeconomic status positions engage in moral boundary work. This study makes an original contribution by introducing how Australian adolescents interpret healthy eating across socioeconomic status positions. The findings from the study suggest that Australian adolescents across a range of socioeconomic statuses do and can be engaged in moral boundary work and demonstrated a sense of self-worth and dignity regarding their dietary practices.

Conflict of interest: law enforcement and conflictology

The subject. The article is devoted to conflictology as one of the most relevant, almost significant, debatable problems in law theory, legal sciences, political science, philosophy, psychology and economics. The author analyzes specific examples of conflicts of interest in various corruption spheres and manifestations, for example, in the sphere of participation of economic actors in the procurement announced by state and municipal authorities.The purpose of the article is to identify the nature of conflicts of interest as the basis of corruption.The methodology. The author uses comparisons of common and private, cause and effect, patterns and randomness, content and form, essence and phenomenon, the transition of quantity into quality, as well as the methods of sociology and psychology.The main results, scope of application. The article analyzes the relationship between corruption and nepotism. The article discusses legal and moral ways to prevent conflict, the role of ethical standards in conflict prevention, regulatory framework for preventing and settling them, the ratio of conflict of interest and employee qualifications, balance of material and personal interest, Commissions to prevent conflicts of interest, guaranteeing the role of writing notice of a conflict of interest, Features of the notification procedure, moral means of preventing and resolve conflicts of interest. Exclusively legal methods are insufficient to prevent and eliminate conflicts of interest and corruption-related risks. A combination of legal and moral measures is necessary, and most importantly, the exclusion of kinship and other forms of nepotism in the formation of government bodies and the appointment of officials, the hiring of state and municipal employees. It is necessary to exclude formalism from the institution of competitive selection of civil servants.Conclusions. The elimination of the contradictions between some federal anti-corruption laws has much less effect on the state of corruption in the state than the flourishing nepotism. The exercise of official functions takes place in the form of law enforcement: if there is no application of the law – there is no corruption. The main emphasis should be directed to the process of forming the apparatus of state and municipal authorities, employees of state and municipal institutions, primarily in the educational sphere, on which the upbringing of new generations of employees depends, the steady observance of high professional and moral requirements imposed on state and municipal employees and teachers in schools and universities.

Jasenovac, the camp and its historical and moral meaning

The paper gives an overview and stages of the development of the Ustasha concentration camp Jasenovac, during the existence of the "Independent State of Croatia" (ISC) in World War II. The fact is emphasized that the policy of the "Final solution" (for Jews and Romas, and in Croatia for Serbs as well), which was implemented by Nazi Germany, chronologically looking, was actually first applied in the ISC, and then in Germany. According to several criteria, the comparison is made between the concentration camps Auschwitz and Jasenovac, while particularly insisting on the brutality in the Ustasha killing of the victims in Jasenovac.

ВОПРОСЫ ТРУДОВОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ ЮСИФА БАЛАСАГУНЛУ «КУТАДГУ БИЛИГ»

The article discusses the correct organization of labor education, the exclusive role of labor in the physical formation and spiritual development of a person. At the same time, the article presents a systematic approach to labor education as one of the components of education, reveals the creative, developmental and educational functions of labor, economic, social, moral, physiological, psychological, cognitive and educational meanings of labor, highlights the issues of taking into account the factor of acquired labor in labor education and instilling this idea in the younger generation. The purpose of the research to explain the essence of the issue of labor education, show how it is reflected in the examples of Eastern literature and comment on the author’s approach to the concept of labor education in the work of Yusif Balasagunlu “Kutadgu Bilig”, the greatest monument of the all-Turkic Islamic literature. Originality. The article analyzed “Kutadgu bilig” by Yusif Balasagunlu, which is considered “Shahname” and “Siyasatname” of Turkic literature, and the role of labor in human life. In this work, the model of the Turkic state was developed in the light of issues of morality, spirituality and dignity. Throughout the work, the poet drew attention to various professions and arts, revealed their meaning, features, role in human life and position in society. Results. In “Kutadgu bilig” the role of labor education in self-knowledge, spirituality and divine wisdom, as well as in the comprehension of the eternal essence is widely covered. Pedagogical ideas, philosophical reflections, educational questions, images and characters, monologues and dialogues written in the form of masnavi further enriched the storyline of the work. Cobclusion. From the analysis, we can conclude that in the work of Yusif Balasagunlu “Gutadgu bilig” special attention is paid to the issues of labor education, its essence, functions and main directions are highlighted. Thus, the analysis of the book “Kutadgu bilig”, which reflects the best moral values, shows that, as at all times, the role of labor education in the development and proper formation of the younger generation is undeniable.

Structure and semantics of derived verbs of behaviour in the Russian language

This article deals with Russian derived verbs of behaviour, formed on the basis of substantive and adjectival stems by means of suffixation. The aim of the analysis is to identify and characterize the structural, lexical and designative specificity of this class of words from the derivational-semantic aspect. The study showed that the four word-formation models that are the most productive and popular in Russian speech are those that include suffixes-nicha(t?), -stvova(t?), -i(t?), and -ova(t?), within which the explication of ?behavioural semantics? takes place. Lexical derivation is accompanied by active metaphorization, as a result of which the verbal lexeme acquires expressive-evaluative connotation (often pejorative) and functional and stylistic marking (?colloquial? or ?bookish?). The article characterizes motivational relations and lexical and word-formation semantics of verbs formed according to a particular model and reveals their designative-evaluative and regulative function. Verbs of behaving and acting reflect stereotypical ideas of native speakers of Russian about desirable, exemplary or undesirable, socially proscribed forms of human interaction with the surrounding world. Their derivational dynamics allows for objectification of basic moral and ethical meanings and deontic norms in the mental and cultural space of the Russian language, which indicates the axiological component of the process of verb designation.

Western Philosophers and the Importance Of Emerging Types of Moral Philosophy

In this research paper, the need and importance of Western thinkers and the emerging types of moral philosophy is to be presented as a research review and the resulting effects and results are to be described in a research style.The research will be narrative,from the review of the literature, it is known that since this world came into existence. Humans have always distinguished between good and evil. In the present age, when man has advanced immensely in knowledge and every aspect of life is being investigated, a formal branch of philosophy has come into being which aims to find out what is good and what is good. What is morally wrong is called ethics. Another name for this is moral philosophy. From these definitions of Muslim thinkers, it is known that the science of ethics discusses the character and actions of a human being, based on which actions and actions a person deserves to be honored and based on which actions and actions, he is punished to be called a disgrace. Is. Ethics is a branch of philosophy in which individuals attempt to assess the value of particular courses of action or general theories of character and judge them. In every era, different rulers and intellectuals have tried to explain the meaning of morality and its definition.

Некоторые психолого-юридические вопросы обязательного учета мнения ребенка, достигшего возраста десяти лет, при рассмотрении судами споров о его воспитании

In order to indicate the debatable nature of the legal norm of Art. 57 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation — the obligation to take into account the opinion of a child who has reached the age of 10 years, when considering disputes about education by the courts - the features of the analysis by children of 9.5—11 years of age (N=68) of morally ambiguous problem situations are studied. Research methods: compiling a story based on sequential pictures, Dilemmas of L. Kohlberg. It has been established that the majority of children are at the 3rd stage of the conventional level of development of moral consciousness according to Kohlberg. There are more boys among those who are not successful in understanding the hidden moral meaning of situations, and those who, in their reasoning, tend to rely on the requirements of society as a whole. Girls are more likely to draw on their own experience and are more likely to take into account the perceived experiences of another. The above results and conclusions can serve as a basis for improving the relevant legal norm and the practice of its application.

Основные подходы и концепции креативного мышления

&lt;p&gt;The research is aimed at systematizing the most effective approaches to the study of creative thinking in foreign and domestic science. The following directions of studying creative thinking are considered: on the basis with which it is associated; on the paradigm that underlies it; on essential grounds; on the typology of creative achievements; on the basis of the approach developed within a certain scientific school; on the study of the features of the activity process; on developing practices; on adherence to the main factor influencing creative thinking; based on the allocation of components in the structure; based on the differences between creative and non-creative thinking; compensation of undeveloped components of creative thinking by strengthening more developed ones; neuropsychological approach (cognitive), from the point of view of self-actualization of personality. After the analysis, we tend to believe that the multicomponent consideration of creative thinking is the most effective one. When studying and developing creative thinking, it is important to pay attention not only to the operational component of creative thinking, but also semantic, motivational, emotional components (interest, joy from engaging in creative activity), which determine moral meanings, attitudes, states that ensure the manifestation of creative thinking in activity. Only with the simultaneous development of semantic, activity and emotional components of creative thinking, its development will be the most harmonious one, being carried out with the less effort on the part of students and a teacher.&lt;/p&gt;