Internal versus external moral identity motivation in children: Relationships with age and forecasted emotions.

This study addresses a critical gap in sustainable human resource management research by examining the psychological mechanisms through which Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) influences Sustainable Employee Performance in hospitality organizations. Data were collected through a two-wave time-lagged design from 392 hotel employees in Egypt’s hospitality sector. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test direct effects, parallel mediation, and sequential mediation pathways. The results reveal that GHRM significantly shapes both Moral Self and Moral Integrity, which in turn drive Sustainable Employee Performance. The sequential mediation pathway through which GHRM influences Moral Self, subsequently cultivating Moral Integrity and ultimately enhancing performance, was strongly supported, with approximately 81% of GHRM’s total effect operating through these moral identity mechanisms. Sustainable performance was found to be explained by over 61% of variance in the model, illustrating substantial predictive validity, thus confirming that moral identity is the central psychological conduit for the direct effect of the organizational sustainability system on employee behavior.

INTRODUCTIONAmid increasingly stringent e-cigarette regulations in China – including taxation, flavor bans, and advertising restrictions – coordinated communication has emerged as a key challenge in tobacco control. This study investigates a viral incident involving Blackpink’s Jennie to explore how failures in strategic narrative coordination have undermined the legitimacy of regulatory efforts.METHODSThis study combined web scraping, large language models (LLMs) topic modeling, and critical discourse analysis (CDA) to collect and analyze an e-cigarette-related event on the Chinese social media platform Weibo from July to October 2024.RESULTSFindings reveal that although e-cigarette-related content was widely circulated, public discourse largely lacked critical health framing. Instead, discussions often shifted toward moral judgments, cultural identity, and individual freedoms. This discursive vacuum weakened the normative foundation of tobacco control and enabled counter-narratives that questioned the state’s regulatory intent.CONCLUSIONSThe study introduces ‘coordinated communication’ as both an analytical framework and a practical imperative for effective tobacco governance. Our Research argues that legal regulation must be accompanied by proactive narrative leadership to sustain public health legitimacy. A multi-stakeholder governance mechanism involving health authorities, media institutions, and digital platforms is recommended to rebuild a coherent, health-centered public discourse in the digital

The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms of religious transformation and cultural continuity in the countries of Central Asia through the analysis of Islamic discourse in texts and architecture. This study specifically addresses the research question: how does Islamic discourse influence both religious transformation and cultural continuity across different Central Asian contexts? The methodological framework included content analysis of religious sources (treatises, fatwas, sermons), discourse analysis of normative documents from the Soviet period, and thematic analysis of architectural forms. The empirical material encompassed Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan, enabling a comparative examination of religious dynamics across the region. The research established that the Islamic tradition in the region maintained stable semantic and conceptual cores – such as dhikr, tariqa, akhlaq, umma, and iman – while their interpretations varied according to local cultural codes. In Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, Hanafi and Sufi rhetoric predominated; Tajikistan demonstrated the presence of philosophical-Shī‘a elements; in Turkmenistan, religious knowledge was interwoven into oral tradition and folklore. The Soviet period exhibited a profound transformation of the religious infrastructure: institutional continuity was disrupted, the language of religious discourse was altered, and sacred space was curtailed. At the same time, epic and poetic genres ensured the partial preservation of Islamic symbolism. Post-Soviet religious rhetoric assumed a regulatory character, reflecting the imperatives of nation-building. Contemporary fatwas and khutbas were dominated by themes of moderation, morality, social responsibility, and cultural identity. The architecture of sacred sites recorded the evolution of Islamic identity: from medieval mausoleums to contemporary mosques reflecting a synthesis of religious and state strategies. The original contribution of this study lies in providing a comprehensive comparative analysis of Islamic discourse across multiple Central Asian countries, integrating textual and architectural evidence to trace both continuity and transformation. A possible avenue for future research could explore the impact of digital media and online religious platforms on contemporary Islamic discourse and identity formation in the region.

Working animals such as police dogs, guide dogs, and draft animals occupy an ambiguous position between indispensable tools and sentient partners, rendering their objectification a pressing ethical concern. Although philosophical work on speciesism and animal capabilities is extensive, the psychological mechanisms that inhibit or reinforce the objectification of working animals remain insufficiently explored. The present study examines how moral sensitivity, empathy toward animals, and perceived social norms jointly shape attitudes toward the objectification of working animals and tests a dual-pathway mediation model. A two-wave cross-sectional online survey was conducted with a Chinese community sample (N = 875), and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with bootstrapped mediation tests. Moral sensitivity, empathy, and protective social norms each showed significant direct negative associations with objectification attitudes. Empathy and social norms partially mediated the link between moral sensitivity and objectification, with the social-norm pathway accounting for a larger proportion of the total effect. These findings suggest that resistance to the objectification of working animals is jointly driven by internal moral identity, cross-species emotional resonance, and the perceived strength of protective social norms. The study extends social-psychological theories of moral motivation and norms to the domain of human–animal relations and provides a theoretical basis for interventions that seek to reduce animal objectification by enhancing moral sensitivity, cultivating empathy toward animals, and strengthening protective social norms.

This phenomenological study investigates the academic commitment of Muslim Filipino students attending Pondok Pesantren in Indonesia within the framework of transnational Islamic education. The research is grounded in Kobasa’s Academic Hardiness Theory and aims to understand how these students sustain long-term engagement in Islamic studies despite facing linguistic, cultural, and educational challenges. Using Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological analysis, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving seven purposively selected participants. The findings reveal that academic commitment is nurtured through an interplay of personal, spiritual, and institutional factors. Structured daily routines, internalized religious motivation, and spiritual disciplines such as tahajjud, fasting, and Qur’an memorization serve as strong intrinsic drivers. At the same time, institutional vision, regulatory systems, peer collaboration, and family encouragement create a supportive ecosystem that reinforces persistence and resilience. Academic commitment among these students thus emerges not merely as persistence in study but as a spiritual journey integrating faith, self-discipline, and communal service. The study contributes to the growing discourse on Islamic educational resilience by demonstrating how faith-based pedagogy and pesantren culture cultivate enduring academic motivation across cultural boundaries. The implications emphasize the need for transnational Islamic education institutions to integrate contextualized, spiritually anchored learning frameworks that strengthen students’ moral identity, academic perseverance, and adaptive competence in multicultural environments.

This study aims to understand how AMIK Bukittinggi students construct the meaning of academic discipline through campus rules and regulations. The issue raised is how discipline is understood, internalized, and applied by students in the context of academic life and the surrounding local culture. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design to explore students' subjective experiences through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results show that academic discipline is not only understood as a form of compliance with formal rules, but also as an expression of academic responsibility, moral identity, and a mechanism for adapting to the higher education system. Students interpret discipline flexibly and contextually, while Minangkabau cultural values reinforce the meaning of discipline as a form of self-control and personal honor. In conclusion, academic discipline at AMIK Bukittinggi is a dynamic and reflective social construct that develops through interactions between institutional values, culture, and individual experiences, and is an important foundation in shaping students' character and professional ethics.

I argue that metatheories that inform social cognitive approaches to personality and relational developmental systems overlap in significant ways to provide an integrative framework for understanding moral formation across the lifecourse. Social cognitive theory describes how cognitive-affective units of early personality are solidified into autobiographical memory as a result of parental dialogic scaffolding. Goals, plans, and expectations of the moral self-as-agent are then folded into narrative form by young adulthood to create a moral identity that is action-guiding for the life-course. But moral identity will need to be fortified by features of moral wisdom to better confront the permanent adversities that invariably confound attempts to live a life that is good for one to live. Moral wisdom is held to be both personological (aligning with knowledge-and-appraisal aspects of personality architecture) and metacognitive (aligning with standard accounts of metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation processes).

Populism has emerged as a powerful communication strategy in Pakistan. This study investigates: (i) the anti-military narratives employed by Pakistani politicians on X, (ii) the influence of these narratives on public behavior within digital discourse, and (iii) the counter-narratives advanced by the military. The dataset comprised 690 posts from X authored by six prominent politicians affiliated with three major political parties (PTI, PMLN, and PPP), which the study categorizes as populist and non-populist. The data also included 55,227 digital citizens’ comments and 146 press releases issued by Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the media and public relations wing of the Pakistan military. To analyze these datasets, we applied Laclau’s discourse theory of populism and van Dijk’s ideological square. The study reveals that each actor elevates his or her own moral identity while situating opponents as immoral. In so doing, they produce a hall of mirrors where civic-populism faces off against security-populism, and both insist they incarnate the national will. Whereas digital citizens, by contrast, draw heavily on politicians’ narratives to amplify anti-military sentiments. This study demonstrates that populism in Pakistan is not only a political trend but also a communication strategy, a digital phenomenon, and a mirror of societal anxieties, grievances, and demands for representation and power.

Despite increasing global interest in veganism, integrative models that incorporate ethical, environmental, and psychosocial determinants within the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) remain limited in Türkiye. This study aimed to extend the TPB by including ethical, environmental, and health-related motivations to better explain individuals' intentions and behaviors related to adopting and maintaining a vegan diet. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults in Türkiye who identified with or engaged in veganism. Twelve latent variables were assessed using validated scales, and the extended model was tested through structural equation modeling with additional robustness procedures, including spline adjustments, PCA, Elastic Net regularization, and instrumental variable analyses. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted vegan intention, with subjective norms emerging as the strongest determinant. Ethical motivation strongly predicted intention but did not directly predict actual adherence. Unexpectedly, environmental and health motivations were negatively associated with adherence. Women reported stronger intentions despite perceiving lower social support. This study broadens the TPB by integrating ethical, normative, and psychosocial dimensions that explain vegan intentions beyond traditional predictors. Findings underscore the importance of moral identity, perceived social expectations, and contextual factors in shaping sustainable dietary behaviors.

Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant challenge to patient safety, and hand hygiene plays a vital role. This review intended to identify the barriers and facilitators to hand hygiene compliance among doctors, nurses, and students directly involved in patient care in hospitals. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalKey, and ProQuest. The Patricia J Lucas 4-step approach to thematically analyze the data was adopted. A total of eight themes encompassing both facilitators and barriers, such as professional and moral identity: from "do no harm" to moral distress, protection of self and family: selective risk focus, workload, time pressure and competing priorities: pragmatism under strain, social modeling and norms: positive exemplars versus negative contagion, feedback, hierarchy and interdisciplinary climate, knowledge, training and misconceptions: from ritual to resistance, gloving, shortcuts and subjective risk: workarounds to an unrealistic ideal, and infrastructure, products and the material environment, were identified and mapped across the levels of the Social Ecological Model. Healthcare personnel's facilitators and barriers to utilizing hand hygiene practices should be considered when developing strategies to reduce infections.

Fostering prosociality in adolescents is essential for social cohesion and well-being, yet the psychological processes underlying individual differences remain understudied. Guided by moral identity theory, this research examined how moral identity internalization and symbolization relate to prosociality and whether moral elevation mediates these associations. Across three studies, moral identity internalization showed a stronger and more consistent association with prosociality than symbolization. Study 1, using cross-sectional data, found that both moral identity internalization and symbolization were related to prosociality through moral elevation. Study 2 utilized a mediation pathway analysis and found that moral identity internalization was positively associated with moral elevation and prosociality, and that moral elevation was further associated with prosociality. Study 3 employed a measurement-of-mediation design, providing additional evidence that moral elevation mediates the link between moral identity internalization and prosociality. These findings suggest that moral elevation is a key mechanism linking moral identity to prosociality and that interventions fostering moral elevation may support adolescents' prosocial development.

The Palestine–Israel conflict, is one of the most complex and prolonged issues in modern international politics, marked by an acute humanitarian crisis since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. In this context, Indonesia holds a distinctive position as a country that has consistently supported the Palestinian struggle, from the era of President Soekarno to President Joko Widodo. This research, aims to analyze Indonesia's foreign policy toward the Palestine–Israel issue through the lens of normative theory in International Relations, which emphasizes the importance of moral values, ethical principles, and international norms in state decision-making. Utilizing a qualitative method based on literature studies and in-depth interviews, this study explores how the constitutional foundation of the 1945 Constitution, the values of Pancasila, and the nation's moral identity shape Indonesia’s consistent stance in international forums. The findings reveal, that Indonesia’s support for Palestine is not merely a political strategy or a response to global dynamics, but rather a representation of a normative commitment to justice, human rights, and anti-colonial principles. The normative theory approach in this study demonstrates that Indonesia’s foreign policy reflects the nation’s ethical identity as well as its moral stance in confronting global injustices experienced by the Palestinian people. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how normative theory can be applied to analyze foreign policy in the Global South, particularly in post-colonial contexts. The study also provides insights for policy makers and scholars in recognizing the enduring role of ethical considerations in shaping international relations.

This qualitative study explores how the production-oriented approach in British literature instruction may influence the development of humanistic qualities among undergraduate English majors in China. The research involved 19 junior English majors at Suqian University in China who participated in a 16-week production-oriented approach intervention. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews to examine participants’ experiences and perceptions of how the production-oriented approach influenced their humanistic development, particularly in critical thinking, intercultural competence, and moral identity. Three main themes emerged from the analysis. First, participants described connections between literary knowledge acquisition through the production-oriented approach and perceived improvements in their humanistic qualities, reporting that deeper engagement with literary content fostered personal reflection and growth. Second, students perceived productive tasks and selective learning as meaningful contributors to their humanistic development, reporting enhanced critical thinking, intercultural awareness, and moral identity through these methods. Third, participants reported that their enhanced humanistic qualities positively influenced their real-life experiences, including decision-making processes, intercultural interactions, and moral beliefs. This research provides insights into how foreign language education approaches in China may support humanistic development goals, contributing to understanding of pedagogical methods that foster graduates’ global perspectives, critical thinking, and ethical awareness. The findings suggest several directions for future research, including multi-institutional studies with diverse participants, experimental designs with validated instruments, and longitudinal investigations of production-oriented approach’s cross-cultural applicability and lasting effects.

Around the turn of the millennium, the social representation of minorities in Western societies shifted from marginalized deviants to victims of injustice, prompting calls for recognition and reparation. Drawing on the social identity tradition, we argue that this shift in representation gave rise to new identity needs, with victim groups seeking to restore their agentic identity and perpetrator groups their moral identity. We review two research trends that emerged from this shift in representation and its relationship to identity needs. The first trend focuses on group apologies, forgiveness, and corresponding gestures. We suggest that these gestures can promote reconciliation by satisfying group members' identity needs; we also acknowledge the limitations and critiques of using the apology-forgiveness cycle to promote intergroup reconciliation. The second trend concerns groups' engagement in competitive victimhood. We propose that this engagement stems from the same identity needs and discuss its consequences and strategies for reducing it. Finally, we outline future directions and practical takeaways and reflect on the changing zeitgeist.

This study aims to analyze students’ learning needs and perceptions in the Tari Nusantara 1 course at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, focusing on the integration of multicultural and character-based education through traditional dance. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interpretation, data were collected from 16 respondents through questionnaires. The findings reveal that all students (100%) demonstrate a strong motivation to understand Indonesia’s cultural richness, develop traditional dance skills, and strengthen their moral and cultural identity. Students perceive dance not merely as artistic performance but as a medium for building self-confidence, discipline, and pride in national heritage. Overall, the study concludes that Tari Nusantara 1 should be designed as a holistic, multicultural learning space that balances cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. Such an approach fosters character formation, cultural awareness, and professionalism, preparing students as future cultural preservers in the global era.

General Background: Regional languages play a crucial role in shaping cultural identity and educational traditions within Indonesian Islamic institutions. Specific Background: In traditional Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Java, the Javanese language has long functioned as a medium for learning classical Islamic texts, moral education, and daily interaction, particularly within salafiyah pesantren. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive discussions on pesantren and local culture, limited scholarly attention has been given to Javanese language preservation as a core mechanism reinforcing conservatism and traditionalism in Islamic education amid modernization. Aims: This study aims to examine how the preservation of the Javanese language in pesantren learning practices strengthens paradigms of conservatism and traditionalism in Islamic education. Results: Using a qualitative case study approach in three traditional pesantren in Central Java, the findings show that Javanese functions as a pedagogical medium, a transmitter of adab, hierarchy, and scholarly authority, and a cultural strategy to maintain traditional Islamic values. Novelty: This study positions Javanese language preservation not merely as cultural maintenance but as an epistemological foundation sustaining conservative and traditional Islamic educational paradigms. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of integrating local language preservation into Islamic education policies to sustain moral formation, cultural identity, and continuity of classical Islamic traditions alongside selective educational adaptation. Highlights: Javanese serves as a primary medium for transmitting classical Islamic knowledge and moral values. Language practices reinforce hierarchy, adab, and scholarly authority within boarding school communities. Linguistic maintenance operates as a cultural strategy amid educational modernization pressures. Keywords : Javanese Language Preservation, Pesantren Education, Islamic Conservatism, Educational Traditionalism, Local Culture

Honesty (ṣidq) is a fundamental moral value in Islam that serves as the foundation for personal integrity and social ethics. In the current era of globalization and growing materialistic culture, this value faces serious challenges as societal orientation shifts from moral virtue to economic achievement and social image. This study employs a narrative review method, analyzing recent literature on moral education, Islamic ethics, and contemporary social dynamics. The findings reveal that honesty functions not only as a personal virtue but also as a social force that strengthens public trust and national stability. However, the global wave of materialism has weakened the internalization of ṣidq, especially among younger generations. Restoring honesty as the moral identity of the nation requires synergy among character-based education, spiritual reinforcement, and public policies that promote transparency and integrity. The recontextualization of honesty through Islamic spiritual principles and Rokeach’s value theory offers a path toward moral recovery for Indonesian society amid the global challenges of the 21st century.

ABSTRACT While ubiquitous social networks offer convenience, their anonymity fosters antisocial behaviors like cyberbullying– a pervasive online aggression harming the individual’s psychological health. Although parental rejection predicts cyberbullying, mediating mechanisms remain unclear. Guided by the General Aggression Model, this cross-sectional study investigated sequential mediation through the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) and moral identity. Data from 571 Chinese undergraduates (31.7% male; Mage = 20.81 ± 1.30) analyzed via PROCESS 3.3 (Model 80) revealed distinct pathways: Machiavellianism and psychopathy independently mediated the parental rejection-cyberbullying link, while narcissism showed no significant mediation. Crucially, only psychopathy and moral identity sequentially mediated this relationship. These findings elucidate dual psychological mechanisms underlying cyberbullying – direct antisocial traits activation and moral disengagement processes – while highlighting the need for interventions targeting positive parenting and moral identity reinforcement to curb digital aggression. Results advance theoretical integration of personality and social-cognitive frameworks in cyberbullying research.

This study aims to describe the learning process of Gondang Anak art at the Damar Wulan Art Studio in Parumasan Village, Sodonghilir District, and analyze how these activities play a role in shaping children's character. Gondang art, as an agrarian cultural heritage of the Sundanese people, has strong social and spiritual values, such as mutual cooperation, discipline, responsibility, and togetherness. In a modern context, the involvement of children in Gondang activities at the Damar Wulan Studio is a strategic effort to preserve local culture while instilling positive character values ​​from an early age. The research method used is a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation of the studio leaders, trainers, and children participating in the activities. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the Gondang learning process is carried out in stages through imitation and repetition methods, where the trainer provides direct examples that the children then follow. This activity not only improves musical skills but also fosters character traits of discipline, cooperation, self-confidence, responsibility, and social awareness. Changes in children's behavior are evident in increased time discipline, ability to work in groups, and courage to perform in public. Thus, Gondang Anak art has proven effective as a medium for character education based on local culture. This activity not only preserves traditional Sundanese art but also strengthens the cultural and moral identity of the younger generation amidst the current of globalization.