Moral Foundations Research Articles

Konsep Peserta Didik Dalam Pemikiran Abdul Wahid Hasyim

This research aims to explore the concept of learners, the values and principles underlying the concept of learners and the role of learners in the educational process in the thought of Abdul Wahid Hasyim. This research is a library research using a descriptive qualitative approach with documentation data collection techniques and data analysis using Milles and Huberman analysis techniques. The concept of learners thought Abdul Wahid Hasyim: 1) Individuals have unique potential and should be developed holistically including intellectual, moral, spiritual, and social aspects. 2) The importance of education as a means to prepare students to become responsible individuals and contribute positively to society. 3) Teaching Islamic values as a moral and spiritual foundation for education as an integral part of the learning process. 4) The importance of equality in education, regardless of social or economic background, has the same right to gain access and benefit from education. The values of the concept of learners thought Abdul Wahid Hasyim: 1) Humanity and Justice, 2) Character Building and Morality, 3) Independence and Responsibility, 4) Religion and Spirituality, and 5) Creativity and Innovation. The role of learners: 1) Active Subject in Learning, 2) Development of Individual Potential, 3) Responsibility in Learning, 4) Character and Personality Building, and 5) Collaborative Teacher-Learner Relationship. The relevance of Abdul Wahid Hasyim's concept of learners in the context of modern education: 1) Holistic Approach in Education, 2) Active Involvement of Learners in Learning, 3) Character and Morality Building, 4) Equality in Access and Educational Opportunities and 5) Development of Creativity and Innovation.

Quran's Insight On Human Rights

This study focuses on the growing global debate about human rights and the role of religion, particularly Islam, in shaping these concepts. The research aims to analyze the Quran's perspective on human rights, identifying fundamental principles that affirm universal values such as justice, Freedom, and equality. This study employs a qualitative method with a textual analysis approach to relevant Quranic verses. The findings reveal that the Quran explicitly recognizes fundamental human rights, including the right to life, Freedom of religion, and protection from oppression. The discussion also highlights that a comprehensive and contextual interpretation of the Quranic verses is necessary to understand the Islamic perspective on human rights in the modern context. The study concludes that the Quran provides a solid ethical and moral foundation for human rights, but its application depends on proper interpretation by Muslim communities worldwide. The research suggests the need for further dialogue between religious traditions and international law to support the global protection of human rights.

Are meat alternatives a moral concern? A comparison of English and Japanese tweets

Meat alternatives, such as soy-based meat substitutes, are gaining attention as possible solutions for the negative effects of increased meat consumption on human health, the environment, and animal welfare. Our study indicates that the public interest in these alternatives is evolving into a moral concern, influencing both societal shifts and marketing approaches. Using longitudinal data from Twitter (now known as X), we analyzed spontaneous conversations on meat alternatives in both English and Japanese. We identified keywords reflecting food choice motivations and we assessed their prevalence in the tweets. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we detected a shift in the moral language associated with conversations about meat alternatives. While both English and Japanese tweets showed a noticeable shift in consumer interest in meat alternatives driven by moral concerns for the environment and animals, the degree of moralizing was more pronounced in English. Our study provides empirical evidence of a decrease in emphasis on sensory appeal, such as taste (a significant factor in previous studies), and a growing dominance of moral considerations. For future marketing campaigns, it would be advantageous to highlight not only the taste and health benefits but also the ethical dimension, in order to resonate with consumers.

Governance Dilemma of Commercial Bribery by Multinational Corporations in China

With the deepening development of globalisation, multinational corporations (MNCs) have been operating more and more frequently in China, but the accompanying problem of commercial bribery has gradually emerged.The purpose of this paper is to explore the dilemmas encountered by China in punishing commercial bribery by multinational corporations in China.Through the research method of literature review, this paper finds that the causes of commercial bribery by multinational corporations in China are complex and diverse, including regulatory deficiencies, imperfections in the legal system, differences in business ethics, and insufficient internal control, etc. Such behaviour not only undermines fair competition, but also leads to the emergence of the problem of commercial bribery.Such behaviours not only damage the market environment of fair competition, but also erode the moral foundation of the society and affect China's international image.Therefore, possible solutions are proposed, including strengthening legislation and law enforcement, expanding jurisdiction, and improving the monitoring system, in order to more effectively curb commercial bribery by multinational corporations in China.

Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health and Ethical Development: A Qualitative Study on Early Character Formation in Sarolangun Regency

Adolescent psychiatry reveals that 95.4% of adolescents aged 16-24 exhibit anxiety symptoms, and 88% show signs of depression, largely due to excessive social media use, resulting in character decline and apathy. This study explores the role of early character building in improving the formation of ethics in children in Sarolangun Regency, addressing concerns related to the negative effects of social media. A qualitative, descriptive approach was employed to investigate how habituation practices contribute to the development of student ethics. The study focused on five schools in Sarolangun Regency: SDIT AL Fatih, SDIT Rahmatul Ummah, SDIT AL Kahfi, SDN 1, and SDIT AS-Salam. Data collection involved interviews and observations of students, teachers, and parents to assess their roles in ethical development. The findings demonstrate that while technological advancements offer various benefits, they also introduce significant challenges, particularly in the realm of student behavior. Teachers actively work to mitigate the negative impacts of social media by providing guidance, instruction, and education on its dangers. Additionally, parents play an essential role in fostering ethical behavior, contributing significantly to children's moral development through consistent support and proper guidance. Both educators and parents are pivotal in guiding students' ethical growth amidst the increasing influence of social media. The combined efforts of these stakeholders ensure that children develop strong ethical foundations, helping counteract the potential negative impacts of technology. The study highlights the importance of early ethical education and the need for collaboration between teachers and parents to effectively guide children in the responsible use of social media.

Legal Information Culture in the Context of Digital Transformation of Society and the State

Introduction. Technosocial transformations resulting from the industrial and digital revolution Industry 4.0 initiate multiple changes in the organization of social life, culture, law, ways of thinking, activities, values, and worldview. There is reason to believe that there is a process of formation of a new kind of culture, which is not a subspecies or part of information or legal culture. Theoretical Basis. Methods. Information, technological, and digital transformations have become general social factors that are not localized at the level of tools, auxiliary means of organizing human activities and thinking. Culture is undergoing a change as a social phenomenon. The stage of development of the pre-digital legal culture has been completed. The conceptual range: culture, law, information, information culture, legal culture is complemented by a new concept: legal information culture. The methodological tools of interdisciplinarity only partially meet the needs of studying the changing statuses of culture and law. Conceptual, analog, and comparative thinking is in conflict with the so-called “digital thinking”, which is not related either to the new methodology or to its search. Results. Technological innovations given to man as a result of the industrial and digital revolution are not accompanied by the formation of an adequate culture and are capable of transforming the ontological status of man as a rational being, thinking independently, setting goals, making decisions and being able to bear responsibility for his actions. Law as a socio-valuable institution is experiencing the risks of its preservation on the same axiological and moral grounds. One of the risks is its replacement with a set of algorithmic functions for regulating relations. A person who owns a legal information culture is able to contribute to the preservation of rights focused on legal equality, freedom, justice, implemented under the condition of goal-setting, creative, conscious human activity. Discussion and Conclusion. The necessity of forming a legal information culture as a set of principles, values, knowledge, and competencies that ensure participants in information relations to achieve a model of lawful/ unlawful behavior based on awareness of the value of law and the priority value of a person is argued.

The Janus Face of Morality & the Two Roots of Moral Foundations

Purpose: The intrinsic dynamics of altruism have not been adequately addressed in the morality literature. This study reduces the gap by constructing a framework, in the triangle of self, sacrifice and morality. Theoretical Framework: Regular meditative processes accompanied by a mantra, increases the value projection capacity of the self, and therefore increases the value attributed to human and transcendent conceptions; while liberals and conservatives project different levels of value on these conceptions in the first place. As a result of the increase, sensitivity to the difference between things that happen and (moral) things that should happen increases and attempts to bridge this gap, often require altruism. Method: To test this framework, altruism level of 230 subjects towards 'human' and 'transcendent conceptions' (THCS) was measured and associated with the MFQ, and the frequency of transcendental meditative experiences of the same sample was questioned. Results and Discussion: While sacrifice towards human was equally correlated with five foundations of the MFQ, sacrifice towards transcendent conceptions correlated at a higher level with only the binding foundations. It was also observed that those who conduct transandantal-meditative states via various rituals, and especially those who experienced ‘awe’ during these processes, achieved significantly higher scores on both the THCS and the MFQ as a whole. Finally, the morality literature was assessed with the help of the current theoretical framework. Research Implications: It seems that ancient rituals are powerful tools for the establishment of morality. Orginality: The relationship between morality and ‘religious ritual induced awe’ has been questioned statistically for the first time through the MFQ.

A comparative analysis of the ethics of gene editing: ChatGPT vs. Bard

AbstractRecently, there has been a growing trend in using large language models (LLMs) to develop diverse applications suitable for a wide range of tasks. These tasks range from solving programming bugs to helping teach elementary school students how to enhance their writing. Even with all these beneficial use cases, researchers worry about the potential bias these tools could produce and their effect on society. In this research, we compared responses that resulted from prompting two chatbots, namely OpenAI ChatGPT and Google Bard, about the issue of gene editing. Twelve prompts that are part of two subgroups were used to generate responses (text) about the issue of gene editing when the political affiliation (Democrat, Republican, and Communist) or geographical areas (United States, China, and Europe) of the prompter is provided. The Twelve responses were then analyzed semantically using three dictionary-based tools, i.e., Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, the Moral Foundation Theory and Biblical Ethics dictionary, and Google’s Perspective API, to test and analyze the semantic and linguistic differences (measured via the Mann–Whitney U test) in the responses returned from the two chatbots. The results suggest that there are semantic and linguistic differences in responses per chatbots and prompts.

The Theory of Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA) Success: A Guide to CSA Success Using Moral Foundations Theory, Balance Theory, and CSA Authenticity

The Theory of Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA) Success: A Guide to CSA Success Using Moral Foundations Theory, Balance Theory, and CSA Authenticity

Validation of Short-Form Scales of Self-Control, Procedural Justice, and Moral Foundations

Self-control, perceived procedural justice, and moral foundations are prominent theoretical constructs in the criminological literature. However, existing measures of each are long. Long scales crowd questionnaires, increase cognitive burden, and lengthen completion times. Using a set of heuristic guidelines for scale construction, we develop short measures of self-control, procedural justice, and moral foundations and then test experimentally whether they can replace the existing longer versions. We conducted a series of split-ballot experiments with a national sample of American adults (N = 1191). Respondents were randomly assigned to receive the existing long scale or our shorter version. We then compared the scales on factor structure, reliability, and validity. The short scales performed as well, and sometimes better than, the longer versions. Our results suggest that researchers can use our short scales of self-control, procedural justice, and moral foundations in lieu of the existing long scales while maintaining data quality.

On the opposition to market institutions on moral grounds

From a liberal viewpoint, voluntary trade appears to be something that should meet universal approval. If no one is obliged to trade, establishing a market institution could only make all better off. Nonetheless, specific market institutions meet substantial skepticism and criticism. This paper extends the extant literature by surveying the moral opposition towards trade in multiple dimensions and linking this to policy support measures. We provide survey results on moral opposition to trade in organs, sex services, surrogate mothers, trade in carbon permits, goods produced in poor countries, and food from countries where people suffer from hunger. These cover the potential reasons for opposing trade institutions: moral concerns, paternalism regarding risk-taking, and distributional concerns. Beyond this, we measure support for policies on unemployment benefits, risk prevention, equality goals within society, and redistribution. The survey of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers from the U.S. reveals significant moral opposition to trade in diverse dimensions. About a third of the participants strongly oppose trade in body items, sex services, and food imports from countries where a large proportion of the population suffers from hunger and malnutrition. Fewer participants strongly oppose trading CO2 permits, importing from developing countries, or allowing surrogate mothership. Besides other correlates (e.g., gender, education, being conservative), individuals’ attitudes towards imposing risks on others are identified as an important correlate of the opposition to trade for all the contexts of trade: those who are averse to exposing others to risk for their own advantage are more likely to oppose trading institutions. This measure of social preferences also relates to support for policies on risk prevention, equality goals within society, and redistribution. We discuss potential mechanisms behind this explanatory power of the newly identified measure.

Ethics Foundation for Patients' Rights

The push for a codification of patients' rights has several motivations that have become more acute and evident in recent years.

To Be Woke or Not to Be Woke? An Exploration of the Moral Foundations of Conservative Rejection of Brand Activism

Brand activism has become a powerful way to communicate a brand’s values and attract consumers who expect stances on divisive issues, but it can also lead to backlash. Thus, in the current study, we examine the #GoWokeGoBroke movement, an online-based media campaign that is gaining traction, to serve as a starting point for brands and advertisers to decide whether to engage in or avoid brand activism. Our findings, based on moral foundations theory, suggest that each moral foundation is associated with various metrics of online engagement, but not others. Brand activism choices that trigger responses that reference unfairness or undue authority are linked to higher retweet rates and a wider spread, which suggests that evoking those foundations may be particularly dangerous. This study offers implications for understanding the #GoWokeGoBroke movement, as well as for the study of the moral foundations of online movements for brands. The results can help brands mitigate pushback against activism choices as well as consider strategies for using moral foundations to join online brand activism conversations.

Linking obsessions to morality: A cross-cultural study among Turkish and Belgian university students.

The present study examines the links between different types of morality and obsessions in university students from Leuven, Belgium (N = 252) and İstanbul, Turkey (N = 301) using validated scales for morality and obsessions. Belgium and Turkey were chosen as two exemplar cultural contexts expected, and in the current study found, to differ in the relative levels of individualizing and binding morality. We hypothesized that obsessions involving potential harm (e.g., aggressive obsessions) are cross-culturally associated with individualizing morals, and obsessions indicating impurity (e.g., contamination) are cross-culturally associated with binding morals. Moreover, we expected that cultural differences in the frequency of obsessions could be linked to differences in culturally prevalent moralities. As predicted, contamination obsessions were cross-culturally linked to binding morals. Also, the frequency of contamination obsessions was higher in the Turkish sample compared to the Belgian, which was predicted by higher levels of binding morals in Turkey. Doubts were cross-culturally endorsed at similar rates and were associated with individualizing morals. Aggressive obsessions were relatively more frequent in the Belgian compared to the Turkish sample, however-unexpectedly-these intrusions were not positively linked to either type of morality, neither in Belgium nor in Turkey. Taken together, these findings provide initial support for the role of morality in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), at least for certain types of obsessions (contamination and doubts), as well as suggest that some differences in the moral foundations may play a role in explaining the prevalence of certain obsessions (i.e., contamination).

Just Law Theories Developed by Prominent Representatives of Russian Doctrinal Legal Research in the 19th Century

This article theoretically examines some contradictions and major milestones in the development of the doctrines of just laws as laid out by prominent Russian scholars during the 19th century. It analyzes the problems surrounding different theoretical approaches and conceptions regarding the connection between justice and law through the works of M.M. Speransky, N.M. Karamzin, P.I. Pestel, N.M. Muravyov, K.A. Nevolin, B.N. Chicherin, V.S. Solovyov, and S.A. Muromtsev. The results obtained show that the period under study was marked by the elaboration of a conceptual framework and basic criteria of positive law from the perspectives of liberal (natural law) and ethical beliefs, which align with spiritual (Christian) principles. This strengthened the humanistic and moral foundations of Russian legal understanding. Additionally, a continuing and stable connection is revealed between the philosophical and legal doctrines of the 18th and 19th centuries, indicating the common (abstract, not fully comprehended) motivational grounds and logic in the establishment of legal freedoms.

The Ethical Limitation of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Teaching Prophetic Tradition

This research explored the relationship between Prophetic traditions and artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on the ethical implications and dynamics of human-AI interactions in the context of hadith teachings in the postmodern technological era. Involving an in-depth analysis of the Prophet's teachings regarding science and technology, this research aims to detail ethical perspectives that can guide the development and use of artificial intelligence. With an interdisciplinary approach, this research combined religious values with developments in AI technology, discussing the confluence between the traditions of the Prophet and current dynamics in the world of technology. Ethical implications from an Islamic hadith perspective were detailed, highlighting how moral and human values could be integrated into designing and implementing AI technologies. Additionally, this research explored the impact of human-AI interactions in the postmodern era, considering how AI technology could support the development of a society based on the Prophet's teachings and values. A comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence's limitations, risks, and human responsibilities was also detailed to balance technological progress and moral values. Hopefully, the research results will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between religious traditions, especially hadith teachings, and advances in AI technology, providing a solid ethical foundation for technological development in the postmodern era

Disease, death, morality, and politics: Pathogen prevalence, terror management, and conservatism as motivated social cognition

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of pathogen and mortality salience on moral values and political orientation, testing competing hypotheses derived from three relevant perspectives. While Terror Management Theory (TMT) predicts a delayed shift toward preexisting moral values and political orientation, Pathogen Prevalence Hypothesis (PPH) anticipates a shift toward binding moral foundations, and Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition (PCMSC) posits a shift toward political Principlism. This was an experimental study with salience type (mortality, pathogen, control) and delay (immediate, delayed) as independent variables. The effect of pathogen salience on moral foundations and political orientation was consistent with TMT. Also, there was a delayed PPH-directed effect of pathogen salience on moral foundations, and a PCMSC-consistent effect of pathogen salience on political orientation. Findings are discussed in light of possible differences in the timeline of effects and provided insight to reconcile contradictory predictions of the three perspectives.

Evolution of the Moral Lexicon.

Morality is central to social well-being and cognition, and moral lexicon is a key device for human communication of moral concepts and experiences. How was the moral lexicon formed? We explore this open question and hypothesize that words evolved to take on abstract moral meanings from concrete and grounded experiences. We test this hypothesis by analyzing semantic change and formation of over 800 words from the English Moral Foundations Dictionary and the Historical Thesaurus of English over the past hundreds of years. Across historical text corpora and dictionaries, we discover concrete-to-abstract shifts as words acquire moral meaning, in contrast with the broad observation that words become more concrete over time. Furthermore, we find that compound moral words tend to be derived from a concrete-to-abstract shift from their constituents, and this derivational property is more prominent in moral words compared to alternative compound words when word frequency is controlled for. We suggest that evolution of the moral lexicon depends on systematic metaphorical mappings from concrete domains to the moral domain. Our results provide large-scale evidence for the role of metaphor in shaping the historical development of the English moral lexicon.

Moral portraits: Understanding world leaders with moral foundations theory

AbstractAlthough scholars have long understood the importance of psychology in international affairs, morality has often been overlooked as a factor in world leaders' decision‐making. This article seeks to fill this gap by introducing a new analytical tool: the moral portrait, a descriptive summary of a leader's moral values. The tool is built on the five cross‐cultural values of Moral Foundations Theory (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) and the methodological approach of operational code. As a case study, the moral portrait of Russian President Vladimir Putin is inferred from his rhetoric, policies, and decisions. Putin's moral portrait, specifically his interpretations of the Fairness, Loyalty, and Authority values, can help explain many of his views and actions, including his decision to launch a full‐scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Exploring the influence of need for closure on anti-immigrants collective actions: The mediating role of binding moral foundations and desired cultural tightness

What drives individuals to participate in collective actions against immigrants? A substantial body of research has identified the epistemic motivation (i.e., the need for cognitive closure) as one of the key motivational factors of outgroup hostility. Starting from this theoretical framework, across one cross-sectional study (n = 313), we tested the role of the need for closure in explaining the intention to engage in collective actions against immigrants. Our hypothesis posited that an intensified need for cognitive closure would be a catalyst, indirectly and positively shaping individuals' intentions to participate in collective actions against immigrants. Moreover, we believed that the process determining this outcome would involve sequential mediation through binding moral foundations and the aspiration for cultural tightness. The empirical findings substantiate this hypothesis, revealing a complex psychological pathway that links cognitive needs to anti-immigrant dispositions.