The purpose of this study is to assess the level of moral development, spiritual intelligence, and critical thinking of nurses, and to see if there is a relationship between these constructs for them. A descriptive correlational design was used, with a sample of 102 nurses in Iran. The descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were done on the survey results using SPSS (Version 24). The moral development level scores of the nurses were 34 ± 2.17, which is considered average, critical thinking was 25 ± 1.23, which is considered relatively high, and spiritual intelligence scores were 41 ± 2.75, which is considered relatively low. Both spiritual intelligence and critical thinking were positively correlated with the nurses' moral development (R = 0.76, R = 0.48, respectively). The conclusion of the paper is that more attention needs to be paid to raise the level of critical thinking, spiritual intelligence, and moral development in nurses.

The rate at which people move from place to place has led to deleterious effects on childhood moral formation among Nsukka people of Enugu State. The assessment of the influence of urbanisation on the childhood moral formation in Nsukka therefore; becomes needful, that is the problem this work is poised to tackle. The major purpose of this study is to specifically ascertain the decline of childhood moral formation in Nsukka. The specific objectives included to examine the causes of the decline of childhood moral formation and to find out the nature of the decline of childhood moral formation in Nsukka. This work adopted a qualitative research design. As such, the method of data collection was oral interview. The work illustrates how urbanisation has disrupted traditional values and customs, bringing about both beneficial and harmful effects. On the positive side, urbanisation offers individuals the opportunity to interact with people from diverse religious and cultural backgrounds. This exposure fosters a spirit of tolerance and learning, enabling people to coexist peacefully in shared spaces. It also broadens their understanding of various social norms and behaviors. On the negative side, however, urbanization has contributed to a decline in children's moral upbringing, The emergence of Western centered perspectives and the erosion of indigenous Igbo cultural practices. Corruption which is inherent in these forces has unleashed unparalleled wave in secularism, materialism, greed which have engulfed the moral life of children in Nsukka. The study suggests that the government and other relevant bodies should oversee and control the content shared through print, electronic media, and other morally questionable materials in circulation today, in order to protect the younger generation from moral deterioration, based on the study's findings.

The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the content of character education values, especially concern for the environment contained in the animated cartoon series "Tayo The Little Bus" and its relevance as a learning medium for early childhood. This research is a library research with a qualitative descriptive method that applies content analysis. The research data comes from five episodes of the animated cartoon "Tayo The Little Bus" which were specifically selected to raise the theme of cleanliness and the environment. Data collection was carried out through documentation techniques with observation methods of listening and taking notes on the elements of analysis in the form of dialogue, narration, scene engineering, and character actions contained in the five episodes. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted by referring to the theory of cognitive and moral development of early childhood and the basis of character education. The results of the analysis show that in terms of cognitive aspects, this animation successfully presents the concept of introducing waste and environmental cleanliness responsibilities into concrete images through character visualization in its five episodes based on children's thinking stages. The Tayo The Little Bus cartoon animation presents a strong behavioral model through musical scenes in the episodes "Cleaning Song" and "I Like Clean Mountains" which are arranged to stimulate positive psychomotor skills in children, and the form of the story in these episodes consistently builds an understanding of the real impact of actions to protect and from actions to ignore the environment. In conclusion, as a learning through media, "Tayo The Little Bus" has strong feasibility to be used as a supporting medium in environmental care character education at the Early Childhood Education level.

Morality and personal continuity in childhood: Further evidence supporting the early-onset view of moral identity development.

If someone is wrong but sincere, is it a lie? The role of objective falsity, intention, and in children's understanding of lying.

In these comments, I focus on Chapter 9 of Lara Ostaric’s The Critique of Judgment and the Unity of Kant’s Critical System, titled “Kant’s Teleological Philosophy of History.” My aim is to share some questions and critical remarks concerning the role that Ostaric assigns to nature’s alleged aim in human history, and suggest that moral development, progress, civilization, and culture all mirror aims of freedom – not of nature.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought revolutionary opportunities to the education system across the world, providing new solutions to pedagogy, research, and management processes. In Nigeria, where the education sector is under sieged by limited resources, poor infrastructures and lack of pedagogies, AI presents a channel through which Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be accelerated by offering equal access to quality education. However, the implementation and putting AI technologies into practice are still disjointed due to the lack of an all-inclusive legal and regulation framework. This paper explores the current situation with AI in the context of higher education in Nigeria, compares it with the trends in the rest of the world, and critically evaluates the implications on sustainable development. It highlights key legal, ethical, and governance barriers, such as privacy of data, bias in the algorithm, intellectual property, and institutional inefficiency. The paper based on the international best practices claims that a responsive legal and regulatory environment should be promoted not to only enable the responsible innovation of AI, but also to protect the rights of the stakeholders. It is suggested to develop a multi-stakeholder, proactive strategy, which implies cooperation of governmental institutions, universities, and the business world. The article concludes that, without a carefully designed legal framework, Nigeria will not only run the risk of not fully harnessing the transformative ability of AI but also intensify the level of inequalities that already exist in its educational framework. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the laws and innovate policies to make AI a tool of inclusive, ethical, and sustainable development.

This study explores the concept of Tazkiyatun Nafs (spiritual purification) in Kidung Wahyu Kolosebo by Sri Narendra Kalaseba as a form of integration between Islamic spirituality and Javanese culture. Using a qualitative approach with hermeneutic and Sufistic methods, the research interprets the symbolism and spiritual meaning contained in the song’s lyrics in relation to Imam al-Ghazali’s Sufi teachings, particularly the three stages of soul purification: Takhalli (emptying oneself of negative traits), Tahalli (adorning oneself with virtuous qualities), and Tajalli (divine illumination). The findings reveal that Kidung Wahyu Kolosebo serves not merely as a cultural artifact of aesthetic value but also as a medium of da’wah and spiritual education, guiding individuals to control their desires, cultivate noble character, and attain closeness to Allah SWT. Its lyrics portray the inner journey from self-restraint to spiritual enlightenment, symbolized by the phrase “wahyu kolosebo,” representing the unification of the servant’s will with the Divine will. This study concludes that Javanese traditional literature can function as an effective medium for moral and spiritual development in contemporary society, demonstrating harmony between Sufi values and the local wisdom of the Nusantara.

This study aims to explore the role of art in Islam by revisiting various books and references that focus on three main aspects: values, aesthetics, and ethics. In Islamic perspective, art is not merely about expressing beauty, but also serves as a medium to enhance one’s faith and morality, guiding humans to draw closer to Allah SWT. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review method based on relevant scholarly sources and academic documents. The findings indicate that Islamic art is built upon the principles of tawhid (monotheism), morality, and spirituality, which provide a profound meaning to every artistic creation. In terms of aesthetics, Islamic art emphasizes not only physical beauty but also harmony, balance, and the magnificence of Allah’s creation. The ethical aspect functions as a guideline for artists to ensure that their works remain within the boundaries of Islamic law and serve as instruments of da’wah, education, and moral development. Therefore, Islamic art represents the synthesis of beauty, truth, and goodness that guides humanity toward worship and devotion to Allah SWT. This study concludes that Islamic art plays a vital role in strengthening spirituality, character, and the advancement of an Islamic civilization that is cultured, beautiful, and meaningful.

This study examines the biblical approach to the truth and inspiration of the Word of God in critical dialogue with Progressive Christian Theology (PCT). Using a qualitative-descriptive method and comparative biblical-theological analysis, the research explores the fundamental differences, points of convergence, and potential integration between the two approaches. PCT emphasizes the importance of socio-cultural context, moral development, and human experience in understanding faith. In contrast, biblical theology affirms the authority and unchanging nature of the Word of God as the foundation of absolute truth that undergirds church doctrine and practice. The findings indicate an urgent need to formulate a balanced synthesis between fidelity to the biblical text and sensitivity to contemporary cultural changes. This integrative approach is not intended to weaken the authority of Scripture but to enrich theological understanding so that it becomes more relevant to modern contexts without neglecting divine truth. This synthesis ultimately produces a model of church growth that is contextual, Scripture-centered, and capable of balancing love and truth in addressing contemporary theological, social, and ethical challenges. The model bears significant implications for shaping congregational spirituality, developing pastoral ministry, and guiding the church’s mission amid increasingly complex cultural shifts.

For the first time, based on the study of the life, work, and scholarly-pedagogical legacy of Yevhen Ivanovych Petukhov (1925-1989), this article substantiates that he was the founder of social pedagogy in the Kherson region, and thus in Ukraine during the 1960s -1980s. An analysis of his works, along with the recollections of his family, colleagues, and students, convincingly demonstrates that he dedicated his entire life to education, teaching, and the upbringing of children – especially those who, during that historical period, were labeled as "pedagogically neglected." His work and professional activity focused primarily on social pedagogy, the organizational and pedagogical support for educational work in special education institutions for such adolescents, and the preparation of students, practicing teachers, caregivers, parents, and the general public for working with them. The article highlights how Yevhen Petukhov, in his research, identified the causal relationships of the most pressing issues in social pedagogy of the time and developed a clear mechanism for preventing and eliminating "deviations from the norms of moral behavior among adolescents" through specific educational practices. He elaborated on these themes most fully in his doctoral dissertation titled “Pedagogical Foundations for Preventing Deviations in the Moral Development and Behavior of Schoolchildren”, as well as in over 80 scholarly works addressing these and other issues of social pedagogy. The article also emphasizes the contemporary relevance of the problems identified by Petukhov, particularly in light of the wartime conditions currently affecting Ukraine. The war has brought tragedy to every Ukrainian family; children, alongside adults, are experiencing the horrors of war, destruction, displacement, captivity, and ongoing stressful life situations. These realities necessitate changes in the content, forms, methods, tools, and techniques of educational work, and require adults to turn to the fundamentals of pedagogy and developmental psychology. The article further isolates one specific issue in Petukhov’s pedagogical legacy – the "pedagogical demand" – as central to ensuring the safe and active life of a child in today's conditions.

Education serves as a strategic investment in human capital that shapes both intellectual and moral development. In Indonesia, parents increasingly perceive education as a dual investment academic and spiritual particularly reflected in the growing popularity of Integrated Islamic Junior High Schools (Sekolah Menengah Pertama Islam Terpadu or SMPIT). This study aims to examine the structural relationship among school image, perceived price, service quality, and religiosity in influencing parents’ decisions to choose SMPIT in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, with interest as a mediating variable. A quantitative survey was conducted involving 255 parents whose children were enrolled in SMPIT. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that school image, service quality, and religiosity significantly influence parental interest and decision-making, whereas perceived price shows a weaker direct effect. Moreover, interest mediates the relationship between religiosity and the final decision, suggesting that value-based motivation transforms into behavioral intention through emotional engagement. This study contributes theoretically by integrating economic rationality and religious values into a unified behavioral model, and practically by providing managerial insights for Islamic schools to strengthen branding, communication, and service quality. The results highlight the need for educational institutions to align quality improvement with the spiritual expectations of modern Muslim families.

This study aims to analyze the role of mothers from an Islamic perspective in preventing stunting among early childhood in Banyuwangi Regency. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a serious challenge in Indonesia, including in Banyuwangi, with the national stunting prevalence reaching approximately 21.5%. In the Islamic context, mothers hold a central position as madrasah al-ūlā (the first school) for their children, being responsible not only for education and moral development but also for ensuring adequate nutrition and child health. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, conducted in several districts in Banyuwangi Regency by involving mothers with young children, religious leaders, and health workers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that the role of mothers in preventing stunting is strongly influenced by religious understanding, health education, and social environmental support. Islamic values such as the recommendation to breastfeed, maintaining cleanliness, the consumption of halalan ṭayyiban food, and spiritual awareness are proven to contribute to shaping healthy family lifestyles. Thus, it can be concluded that the Islamic perspective provides a strong normative and moral foundation in efforts to prevent stunting. Strengthening the role of mothers through religious guidance, family education, and cross-sector collaboration based on Islamic values is a strategic step toward building a healthy, intelligent, and morally upright generation in Banyuwangi Regency.

The article clarifies the essence of social and legal protection of the individual as a direction of professional activity of social workers. An important stage of scientific research was the theoretical analysis of scientific sources, comparison, classification, generalization to clarify the content of key concepts of the study. Analysis of key concepts of the study will help to understand the conceptual essence of the problem, to outline the semantic space of the phenomenon under study. First of all, a theoretical generalization of research approaches to the definition of the concept of "social and legal protection of the individual" was carried out. It was established that there is a diverse number of definitions of social protection in scientific sources. The multi-faceted analysis of the concept of "social and legal protection of the individual" is presented by scientists in two aspects: as a social category that is outside the legal sphere, and as a purely legal category. The analysis of the definitions of the concept of "social and legal protection" has shown that it is interpreted, first of all, as a policy and targeted actions, as well as funds of the state and society, which provide an individual, a social group, and the population as a whole with a comprehensive, versatile solution to various problems caused by social risks that may lead or have already led to the complete or partial loss by the specified subjects of the opportunity to exercise rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, economic independence and social well-being, as well as their optimal development, restoration or acquisition. Professional training of future social workers for social and legal protection of the individual is the formation of a person as a person, the development of general and professional ethics and culture, professional competence, professional competencies, which is a prerequisite for effective future professional activity in the social protection system. The professional readiness of a future social worker for social and legal protection of the individual is a holistic state of the personality, which expresses the qualitative characteristics of its orientation, consciousness, professional position and image. Promising for further scientific and practical explorations are the search and implementation of new approaches to the professional training of applicants for social and legal protection of the individual.

This study aims to identify and analyze effective learning strategies for improving Qur’an reading and writing skills among elementary school students. The ability to read and write the Qur’an serves as an essential foundation for students’ spiritual, moral, and cognitive development, shaping their Islamic character from an early age. This research employs a descriptive approach using a literature study method that reviews various sources, including books, journals, and previous studies related to Qur’an learning at the elementary school level. The findings indicate that a combination of several innovative strategies proves to be highly effective in enhancing Qur’an literacy skills. These strategies include the use of engaging and interactive digital learning media, the application of contextual learning approaches that connect Qur’anic teachings to students’ daily lives, and the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model to foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, strengthening students’ intrinsic motivation through a supportive and religious learning environment plays a crucial role in maintaining learning interest and discipline. The integrated implementation of these strategies not only improves students’ technical ability to read and write the Qur’an but also reinforces their character, responsibility, and spiritual awareness in the context of Islamic education at the elementary level.

Traditional African folklore has long served as a foundational mechanism for cultural transmission, moral education, and social cohesion within African communities. In the context of modern African literature, folklore functions not only as a nostalgic element, but also has been recontextualised to reflect contemporary realities. Thus, the objectives of this study are to identify the lessons conveyed in Bessie Head’s Life and assess the relevance of these lessons to contemporary African society. The study employs a qualitative and interpretative literary analysis of Head’s Life, using close reading techniques and thematic coding through the lens of postcolonial literary. From the analysis conducted, some of the lessons conveyed through the text include the value of communal wisdom, consequences of personal behaviour, virtue of modesty and dignity, and the risk of autonomy without accountability. Furthermore, the identified lessons maintain significant relevance in the contemporary African society as they continue to engage with core themes of identity, promote desirable behaviour, dignity of labour and social harmony. These lessons, carried forward through literature, serve to preserve cultural heritage and to mediate evolving values in a rapidly changing society. This study concludes that folklore-based narratives remain vital in shaping moral consciousness and maintaining cultural continuity within modern African contexts. It is recommended that African literature rooted in folklore be actively promoted across educational, media, and community platforms to strengthen ethical reflection and development, as well as strengthen cultural awareness and collective cultural identity especially among younger generations.

Teacher performance assessment is important in educational human resource management. However, the implementation of performance assessment in Islamic educational institutions is still administrative and not integrated with Islamic spiritual values and work morality. The purpose of this article is to analyze the transformation of the teacher performance assessment system based on Islamic management principles, such as amanah, justice, ihsan, and accountability. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies. The data sources used are primary data, namely books on performance management theory and articles related to Islamic educational management and teacher performance assessment. Secondary data are in the form of articles on Islamic ethics. The results of the analysis show that the Islamic performance assessment system applies a balance between worldly and hereafter aspects with indicators that include the dimensions of intention, process, and work results. The transformation of the performance assessment system needs to be integrated with the values of tauhid, amanah, and maslahah in the assessment instruments or procedures. Thus, teacher performance assessment is not just an administrative evaluation tool, but also a way of moral development, increasing professionalism, and strengthening spirituality in Islamic educational management.

This paper examines the “Dog Legends” book series as an educational narrative intervention with formative potential in moral and emotional development of children. Through an interpretative qualitative analysis, I investigate the structure and coherence of these stories with hero’s myth (Campbell), narrative archetypes (Pearson), theories about meaning (Frankl), the child-animal relationship (Melson), and moral development (Killen & Smetana). These canine characters become symbolic figures through which the child crosses stages like fear, hesitation, moral choice and inner transformation. The story functions as a symbolic space for reflection and building meaning, in an accessible and profound emotional framework. The results suggest the applicability of the series in contexts like moral education, counseling, and personal growth, offering a narrative alternative to the directive models. “Dog Legends” proposes a pedagogy of accompaniment, not correction in which the child is recognized as a hero of their own becoming, not a passive recipient of norms.

Allogeneic blood components and plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs) are cornerstone therapies in modern medicine, setting standards for quality, safety and efficacy. While platelets are traditionally transfused to prevent or control bleeding, they also serve as reservoirs of bioactive molecules with regenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. This review examines how pooled human platelet lysates (HPLs) and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (p-EVs) could be developed as therapeutic products, building on the principles established for PDMPs. We synthesize findings from preclinical and translational studies on the composition, production, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of HPLs and p-EVs, integrating insights from the PDMP industry to outline a framework for standardized development. Evidence indicates that HPLs and p-EVs from surplus or outdated platelet units show therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, immunomodulation and drug delivery. Randomized trials in ocular graft-versus-host disease provide advanced clinical evidence, while other uses such as orthopaedics, wound healing and neurological disorders remain at exploratory or preclinical stages. Their development parallels the historical shift in plasma use, from transfusion to fractionation, offering a model for repurposing platelet concentrates (PCs). The systematic application of GMP, viral safety and regulatory frameworks can facilitate their clinical translation. Platelet-derived products represent a new frontier for transfusion medicine, enabling value creation from surplus PCs. Ethical development, standardized production and stepwise clinical evaluation are essential to realize their promise in regenerative and precision medicine.

This study explores the embodiment of Islamic educational values within the 1 Muharram Ta’aruf Parade tradition in Tegal Rejo Village, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, it investigates how Islamic values are expressed, transmitted, and internalized through this annual communal event. Data were obtained through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving religious leaders, educators, and community members. The findings reveal that the Ta’aruf Parade embodies three core values of Islamic education: aqidah (faith), akhlaq (moral conduct), and ibadah (worship). These values are manifested through collective participation, cooperation, and symbolic performances that merge religious devotion with cultural expression. The study further demonstrates that this tradition represents a living model of ta’dīb the holistic cultivation of faith, morality, and spirituality through experiential and contextual learning. In conclusion, the 1 Muharram Ta’aruf Parade functions as a culturally rooted pedagogical system that reinforces Islamic values, strengthens social cohesion, and preserves cultural identity. It underscores the vital role of community-based traditions as effective educational media for sustaining moral and spiritual development in contemporary Muslim society.