Monthly Magazine Research Articles

L.E.L. in and out of the Birkbeck Album: Poetics and Politics

Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s contributions to Anna Birkbeck’s album may seem out of place among entries by radicals and reformers associated with the London Mechanics’ Institution, among them John Bowring, William Hone, Robert Owen, and John Thelwall. Yet contrasting sentimental poetics with radical politics fails to capture the radical aesthetics of the 1820s. Thelwall, for instance, placed Landon, whom he called ‘Sappho’, among ‘Poets and Poetry of the Age’. The album authors include editors of journals that shaped Landon’s career: William Jerdan, editor of the Literary Gazette, where Landon made her reputation in the 1820s; and Samuel Carter Hall, the editor of The Amulet and the New Monthly Magazine, which were important venues for her later poems. This article analyses the Landon poems entered into the Birkbeck album after being published in the Literary Gazette, together with later poems published in Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book (1832) and the New Monthly Magazine (1836), teasing out the poetics and politics of her poetry in challenging an egotistical, Wordsworthian strand of Romantic writing, and arguing instead for ‘the public circulation of affect and the necessity of dreaming as a social need’.

Radio Free Europe’s Polish Broadcasting Service vis-à-vis the Millennium and Church - State Relations (1965-1966)

This article presents an analysis of selected broadcasts by Radio Free Europe’s Polish Broadcasting Service on the 1966 celebration of the Millennium of the Christianisation of Poland, against the background of the relationship between the Church and state. The source material consists of programmes available online on the Radio Liberty website and articles published in the monthly magazine Na Antenie/On Air from 1965 to 1966. The author's intention is to show the role and meaning of radio broadcasts vis-à-vis the Millennium Poloniae celebrations, which were of a religious and political nature. The radio station, under the direction of Jan Nowak-Jeziorański, defended the authority of Primate Stefan Wyszyński against communist propaganda, while serving as the only source of information for audiences in the country with respect to the Novena initiated in 1956, which culminated in the Millennium. Aside from RFE’s political objectives, the broadcasts served to counter the propaganda and the campaign against the Church and to break the media monopoly in the People’s Republic of Poland. Having a formative and integrative character, they also contributed to the preservation of the listeners’ religious identity.

The Medical and Physical Journal and the construction of medical journalism in Britain, 1733-1803.

Medical practitioners, inevitably scattered across the country, need frequent periodicals to communicate the latest medical information. Journals are an essential component of the infrastructure of modern medicine, yet they were slow to achieve firm roots in Britain during the eighteenth century, with few sustained quarterly periodicals and the only attempt at a monthly lasting a year. Then in 1799, Richard Phillips, owner of the Monthly Magazine, published the Medical and Physical Journal, the first sustained monthly medical journal, which lasted for thirty-four years. Ever since, Britain has never been without a monthly or weekly general medical journal. Responding to the need for a strong commercial focus, the Journal used a magazine format which blended reviews and abstracts of already published material with original contributions and medical news, and it quickly achieved a national circulation by close engagement with all types of practitioners across the country.Contrary to the historiography, the Journal was distinctly different from the contemporaneous monthly science journals. The key to success was two-way communication with all practitioners, especially the numerous surgeons and surgeon-apothecaries who were increasingly better trained and confident of their status. Much of the content of the Journal was written by these readers, and with rapid, reliable distribution and quick publication of correspondence, controversial topics could be bounced back and forth between all practitioners, including the distinguished. Initially, the editors tried to maximise circulation by avoiding any controversy, but this started to change in the first few years of the next century.

Rebel Body against the Caste System in Ahuti's "Gahungoro Africa"

Applying body politics, this research paper attempts to explore the rebel body against the caste system in Ahuti's "Gahungoro Africa". First published in Mulyankan monthly magazine in 2051, the poem "Gahungoro Africa" satirically airs its voice against those oppressors who exploit Dalit laborers in different ways. The poet raises the issue of Dalits considering them touched or untouched during the caste system. The researcher makes a strong argument that the so-called low-caste Dalit people should be given the right to justice and freedom at any cost by abolishing caste discrimination entirely. The speaker of this poem is a leading figure, the rebel body as well as the voice of downtrodden, underprivileged, and working-class Dalit laborers against the so-called high caste. The paper shows the conflict between the so-called high caste; the exploiter, landlords, and touchable Vedic body, and the so-called low caste; the exploited, slaves, and untouchable non-Vedic body, especially the Dalit bodies who are declared 'untouchable' by the socially construct Hindu caste system. The poem carries out a very sarcastic, challenging, and angry tone toward the so-called high caste and its agents.

Literary Sites of Institutional Confirmation and Critique: Howells in the Study, Cather in the Office

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the current interest in the institutions of literature, the essay deploys Luc Boltanski's social theory of institutional confirmation and critique for a comparative analysis of two key writers in the emergent field of US literature around 1900: Wiliam Dean Howells and Willa Cather. Visiting Howells in the editor's study at Harper's New Monthly Magazine and Cather in the corporate office at McClure's Magazine , the essay traces how each publishing institution not only informs their criticism and correspondence but also seeps into their fiction. Framed by editorial columns and archival materials, Howells's story "The Critical Bookstore" (1913) as well as Cather's early short fiction and her debut novel Alexander's Bridge (1912) can be seen to engage what Boltanski calls the "semantic security" of institutions. Building on sociologically inflected readings of these texts, the essay considers Boltanski's claim that critique is an inherent effect of institutionalization.

Broadcasts by Aleksandra Stypułkowska for Radio Free Europe’s Polish Broadcasting Service Broadcasts by Aleksandra Stypułkowska for Radio Free Europe’s Polish Broadcasting Service

The purpose of the article is to show, based on selected examples, the journalistic and radio broadcast activity of Aleksandra Stypułkowska (alias Jadwiga Mieczkowska) for Radio Free Europe’s Polish Broadcasting Service, and to present the most important issues she raised on air, along with her unique way of argumentation. The study analysed audio and press sources. Available issues of the monthly magazine Na Antenie (1963–1989) were reviewed for her statements by applying a press analysis method in tandem with qualitative research. Because of the editorial requirements that the article had to meet, only certain press materials were included, and a number of news and literary programmes were excluded; these omissions will be addressed in a separate paper. However, some audio sources available on RFE’s website were also selected applying a media content analysis method; namely, those which the author finds original as regards the subject matter and journalistic genre (in line with the case study method), and which make it possible to present a variety of issues raised by Stypułkowska, including her views on legal, socio-political and religious matters. This study can therefore be seen as a prelude to further research.

Are you a True Patriot? Twentieth‐century Dominican State Formation in the Ecuadorian Amazon

This article examines the role played by Dominican missions in Ecuador's Amazonian territory from approximately 1930–1970. In the Dominicans' own monthly magazine, they claimed not only the roles of infrastructural development, “civilisation” of indigenous peoples, and nationalisation of territory, as did Catholic missions elsewhere; but also the roles of mediator of competing interests and redeemer of the entire country. The central Pastaza River region and important cities like Mera and Puyo were administered and developed chiefly by the Dominican missions ahead of massive colonisation and economic development linked to agriculture and oil drilling. This research contributes to our understanding of the role of Catholic missions in Ecuador's twentieth century by demonstrating that print media allowed them to be more than just frontier institutions. It also illustrates how Ecuador's “Oriente” came to be more fully integrated into the nation prior to the oil boom of the 1970s.

The reaction of London newspapers to the proclamation of the Monroe doctrine

The presented article analyzes the reaction of the British press to the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine by the American president in 1823. The reaction of leading London periodicals such as The Examiner, The Monthly Magazine, The London Magazine and The Morning Post is considered. The author describes in detail the diversity of opinions: from support for Republican ideals and their contrast with the monarchical aspects of the policy of the Holy Alliance to expressing concerns about the negative impact of the doctrine on Britain's trade and economic interests in Latin America. The author concludes that the London newspapers have a balanced, albeit emotional assessment of the influence of the Monroe Doctrine on international relations and the specific interests of Great Britain. The article focuses on the period of the 1820s and the British reaction to American foreign policy activity, neglecting to consider the British position in the context of the War of Independence of the Spanish colonies of 1808-1819. In the study of newspaper materials by domestic and foreign scientists, general philosophical (deduction and induction, systematic approach, synergetic approach, etc.), general scientific (observation, comparative method, etc.) and private scientific methods specific to a particular field of knowledge. The Monroe Doctrine provides a rare example of a 200-year-old speech that remains the subject of regular references when discussing the current international political agenda to this day. The article examines the reaction to the Monroe Doctrine, which is one of the fundamental documents of American public policy, which became one of the first steps for the formation of American strategic culture in its current state. The relevance of the article is based on the need for a comprehensive study of the reports of the leading London press to identify their impact on international relations and the specific interests of the United Kingdom. Despite the fact that the Monroe Doctrine has been around for two hundred years, it does not lose its relevance in relation to Latin American states with the United States, and, more importantly, in relation to the United States, with other actors in world politics.

»Der Aufsatz […] war gar nicht so ›sexy‹ wie das Bild.«

TThe present essay features Das Magazin, a popular East German monthly magazine that appeared in the GDR for the first time in 1954. The author analyzes the photographic depiction of women in issues of the 1950s. This analysis starts with the magazine’s prominent and well-researched nude photographs, but later focuses on other images of female bodies, i.e. in photo montages, to explore the different variations in which women were depicted in Das Magazin. A close examination of the images in question, their position and contextualization within Das Magazin allows for a look beyond the pages of the printed product and sheds light on the work of the layout artists. In doing so, the author argues that its creators revived certain visual strategies that had already been cultivated by the popular press in the interwar period and which were also existent beyond the boundaries of the GDR press. Thus, the notion of GDR magazines’ production practices can be enriched by transnational and historical perspectives.

Compare Eileen Chang's Theories on Chinese Life and Fashion and Her Self-translated Work Geng Yi Ji Based on Functions

Zhang Ailing is a famous modern Chinese female writer. Due to the influence of her family atmosphere and her own educational experience, she has a high level of expertise in both traditional Chinese studies and English. Her profound literary background in both English and Chinese has enabled her to create many excellent literary works and literary translations. Her articles published in the English monthly magazine of the 20th Century have made her stand out in the literary world, Therefore, Chinese Life and Fashions, as their first English prose published in this journal, has great research value. This article is based on Eugene Nida's principle of functional equivalence, the differences between Chinese and English languages, and some translation strategies to compare and analyze the two texts. These translation strategies include addition, deletion, domestication, etc. The employment of various translation procedures is based on the target language readers' diverse cultural backgrounds, as well as the target language readers chosen by Zhang Ailing. And the use of these strategies also reflects Eugene. Nida's theory of functional equivalence.

한국 정부의 화교에 대한 제도적 차별과 화교 사회의 인식 및 대응

The purpose of this paper is to examine What kind of institutional discrimination did the government of South Korea against Overseas Chinese in Korea from the 1960s to the mid-1990s, and how Overseas Chinese community recognized and responded to such a discrimination. The materials mainly used for these analysis are ‘Han Hwa Monthly Magazine’ and ‘Qiao Sheng Monthly Magazine’ published by Overseas Chinese in Seoul. Overseas Chinese community was very critical of the government’s institutional discrimination, such as restrictions on residence, restrictions on acquisition and ownership of real estate, and farmland. Chinese community responded in various ways to improve or abolish the government’s institutional discrimination based on the fact that Overseas Chinese is not just foreigners. When Korea-China Friendship Treaty was signed in 1965, Overseas Chinese community attempted to demand and achieve the abolition of various institutional discrimination through the Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in Korea. As government of South Korea concerned that acceptance of their requests would guarantee their vested rights, and provide a foundation for developing their economy, their requests were rejected. As a result, they were treated equally as other foreigners. And just before the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and the People’s Republic of China, Overseas Chinese Association of Seoul strongly tried to request abolition of restrictions on real estate acquisition through the Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to be ended in vain. They had the nationality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). They were very dissatisfied with their government which failed to fulfill their requests.

Translating TV Series Titles: A Case Study of Iranian Film Monthly Magazine

TV series titles have always played an influential role in their marketing as the primary factor that draws potential viewers' attention. Translation of titles is a challenging task that is fulfilled by employing specific translation methods. This study aims to analyze the translation of 50 American TV series titles into Persian by the Film Monthly Magazine. The practical analysis in the thesis is based on Molina and Albir's (2002) model of translation techniques. After reviewing the selected titles from popular American TV series, it was revealed that the most common technique used by Film is the literal translation, adopted in the case of 18 titles and 36% of data. Borrowing with ten titles and 20% of the data holds the second rank. Modulation took the third rank with six titles and 12% of the data. Transposition was used for five titles and 10% of the total data. Next, discursive creation, generalization, established equivalent, and reduction were used equally for two titles comprising 4% of the total data. The least common translation process used by the translators to render the titles was amplification, with only one title translated in this way, which made up 2% of the cases. According to the samples, a combined technique of literal translation and borrowing was used in this research, where two titles were translated. These obtained results will be advantageous to translators, film and TV series distributors, film magazine authors, and closed-captioners.

Memory in energy transitions: individual agency through historical narratives in the energy transition to gas and electricity in the Dutch household

Authors adopting socio-technical frameworks to study energy transitions argue that individual behavioural change and the uptake of social and technological innovations on higher-level scales are both imperative for sustainability transitions to come about. However, the way individuals are embedded in the larger system has remained largely unclear. To better understand individual embedment in energy transitions, this paper enriches sustainability transition research with the insights of memory studies. During energy transitions, social actors that enact these transitions change their identity. A core premise of memory studies is that individual and collective remembering cannot do without each other in the constitution of identity. To illustrate the role of memory in energy transitions, this paper conducts a historical case study of the role of housewives in the energy transition to gas and electricity in the Dutch household. By adopting a narrative approach, the historical narratives across the Monthly Magazine of the Dutch Association for Housewives (NVvH), published between 1913 and 1942, are explored. The results show how the master narrative prescribed the guiding principles of the historical narratives that emerged in the energy discourse. However, as part of the flexible nature of memory, a varied ‘menu of stories’ came forward that enabled individuals to identify with different historical narratives, incorporating differing energy sources and drawing on the transformative nature of memory by imagining different energy futures. It is concluded that individual agency in energy transitions moves beyond choices of use and consumption. It rests in the individuals’ ability to identify with a historical narrative that adheres to the way the individual makes sense of the world.

Sweden – a nation of seafarers or peasants? Swedish naval officers and national identity as revealed in the magazine Vår Flotta, 1905–1939

Swedish national identity reflects a tradition of independent freeholding peasants, even though the majority of the population lives along the coasts. The sea has often been neglected in studies analysing Swedish national identity. This article analyses one of many Swedish narratives of national identity – namely, that found in the monthly magazine Vår Flotta: Tidskrift för Sjövapnet (Our Fleet: Magazine for the Navy). The narrative of the magazine strongly emphasized the importance of the sea to Sweden. The sea, with its strong symbolism, was a vital part of the magazine's national narrative. According to Vår Flotta, the sea and its control would determine Sweden's fate as it had historically. The navy had saved Sweden from being dragged into a war or being invaded by foreign powers. A close connection to the sea, facing its dangers, would also allow the true Swedish national qualities to develop: bravery, calmness, confidence, cleanliness and a willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good. The national-identity narrative in the magazine remained fairly constant across the 35 years studied in this article.

Entomologist's Gazette & Entomologist's Monthly Magazine First Paper Reminiscence: Golden age for chalcid studies

Entomologist's Gazette & Entomologist's Monthly Magazine First Paper Reminiscence: Golden age for chalcid studies

THE HISTORY OF THE GAULT & MILLAU FRENCH GASTRONOMY GUIDE

The article presents the development of the famous French gastronomic guide Gault & Millau based on the analysis of the most relevant works of foreign scientists. Using genealogical sites, where information can be entered only by verified users, biographical information about its founders Henri Gault and Christian Millau has been presented. The attention has been paid to the reasons which led to the beginning of the New cuisine (Nouvelle cuisine), its distinctive features, as well as to its importance for French gastronomy. The purpose of the article is to highlight the history of the Gault & Millau gastronomic guide. During the studies, such research methods as historical, descriptive, comparative, systematization and generalization have been used. It has been established that in fact guides, in particular Michelin and Gault & Millau, which represent French gastronomy, are the most famous in the world and play an important role in the development of modern tourism industry. One of the leading French novelists and gastronomic critics, Maurice Edmond Sailland (Curnonsky), said that a gourmet should travel, with regard to satisfy his / her gourmet needs.
 The history of the Gault & Millau guide begins in the 1960s, when its founders, Henri Gault and Christian Millau, traveled much around France to find restaurants that they considered worthy of their interest. They discovered what was soon known as New cuisine (Nouvelle cuisine). It was originated from forgotten tastes, simplicity and lightness. In 1969, Henri Gault and Christian Millau with some friends of theirs, started the publication of the monthly magazine «Le Nouveau Guide permanent», which was titled «Le Nouveau Guide Gault-Millau» since May, 1970. In 1970 they published «Le Guide Gourmand de la France». Finally, in 1972, the first Gault & Millau guide to France («Le Guide Gault-Millau de la France») was published. They ranked all the restaurants they considered fit to be recommended to the public. The main criteria for them were not the richness of the establishment, the food or the cleanliness, the values supported by Michelin, but the taste, presentation and imagination of the chef. Points in the Gault & Millau guides were given for the quality of the food, with comments on service, price and general atmosphere.
 The term «New French Cuisine» («Nouvelle Cuisine Française») was used for the first time in the 54th issue of the magazine «Le Nouveau Guide Gault-Millau» (1973). The new cuisine was characterized by a return to the fundamental / basic taste of food, offering ten guidelines for it. At the same time, their article «Vive la nouvelle cuisine française» was published. In response to the conservative Michelin guide, which valued quality and tradition, Henri Gault and Christian Millau launched Nouvelle Cuisine as a movement with a strong emphasis on innovation. The presented evaluation and expert opinions had a significant impact on the rating and success of the establishment. Henri Gault also offered the aforementioned guidelines, a clear and comprehensible decalogue that summed up their passion for modern and innovative cuisine. The instructions concerned, in particular, the reduction of cooking time, the use of fresh and high-quality products from the market that exclude the sauce base prepared the day before, and the reduction of menu choices.
 The Gault & Millau guide changed the tourism and culinary image of France. Its founders emphasized the principles of dietetics and the creativity of chefs. Christian Millau also came up with the idea of gathering food columnists around the wine theme to single out French wines. The first special issue on wines appeared in September 1978. In September 1984, the wine guide «Le guide des vins de France. Le 1er pratique guide: 1500 vins en direct sélectionnées pour leur excellent rapport qualité / prix» was published. Thanks to the international success of the Gault & Millau guide, in February 1980, Henri Gault and Christian Millau appeared on the cover of the American weekly «Time», where the article about them was published. However, Henri Gault and Christian Millau stopped their mutual professional activities in 1986.
 The obtained practical results will make it possible to expand specialized training courses in higher education institutions of Ukraine, where personnel for tourism, hotel and restaurant industry are trained.
 Key words: Gault & Millau Guide, History, Nouvelle Cuisine, Gastro-Tourism.

Evolution of Feminist Aesthetics in the Pakistan: The Role Of Monthly “Ismat”

Feminist aesthetics has made women aware that there is no fundamental distinction that can distinguish the writings of women and men. The origin of feminine aesthetic consciousness in the subcontinent is more visible in the late nineteenth century when women started writing alongside men. Various means of expression were available to these writings, including a monthly magazine "Ismat. In the articles of "Ismat" monthly, women were informed that if a woman is educated, she can educate and train other women and illiterate people with her knowledge and skills. In this paper, the role of Mahnama Ismat in the evolution of feminine aesthetics in the Pakistan is presented

Evolution of Feminist Aesthetics in the Pakistan: The Role Of Monthly “Ismat”

Feminist aesthetics has made women aware that there is no fundamental distinction that can distinguish the writings of women and men. The origin of feminine aesthetic consciousness in the subcontinent is more visible in the late nineteenth century when women started writing alongside men. Various means of expression were available to these writings, including a monthly magazine "Ismat. In the articles of "Ismat" monthly, women were informed that if a woman is educated, she can educate and train other women and illiterate people with her knowledge and skills. In this paper, the role of Mahnama Ismat in the evolution of feminine aesthetics in the Pakistan is presented

Playing a Role in the Diabetes Care Continuum

A recent ‘Number Check' article in the American College of Cardiology's monthly magazine realerted me to the havoc of diabetes (1). The article provided the following sobering data of the U.S. population: 11.3% has type 2 diabetes (T2D). And while this is alarming because of the cost for caring for these patients and the downstream adverse health effects likely to occur, I was surprised to find out that in South Asians living in the U.S., an estimated 23% have T2D. Black Americans have an incidence of about 12% (2), and Hispanics and American Indians and Alaskan Natives are at about a 15% incidence rate. The article also explained the relationship between T2D and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure. And even if the other major risk factors (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, and albuminuria) are under control, those with T2D have a 45% increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure that in those who do not have T2D.Certainly, the initial goal should be one of primary prevention in which the avoidance of T2D is paramount. However, the current reality of the scourge of T2D emphasizes the importance of secondary disease prevention that requires the control of T2D. Evaluating A1C is the current gold-standard for assessing glycemic control (3). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic control of T2D is of primary importance. However, the updated guidelines suggest that healthy lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity and exercise should be part of an overall approach to managing T2D. A recommendation is to use physical activity, along with nutrition and behavioral therapy to reduce body weight by ≥5% in those who are overweight or obese, which encompasses most people with T2D (3). The stated target is to achieve a daily energy deficit of 500 to 700 kilocalories per day with a combined diet intake reduction and physical activity increase. To achieve this, the guidelines recommend that at least 16 counseling sessions occur over a 6-month period. The guidelines also recommend regular resistance training and provide information for specific exercise-related situations including the risk of hypoglycemia, exercising with existing peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy, and exercising with diabetic kidney disease. Each of these can have complexities that require expertise when counseling and designing/implementing an exercise program.While CEPs are not currently routinely part of the multidisciplinary diabetes care team, there is a strong case that they should be part of this team. Often clinical recommendations for exercise are part of the task of a registered dietitian nutritionist. Many of these allied health professionals have an interest in exercise and some may have taken courses in school or have a personal trainer level certification. While this may be adequate for uncomplicated patients, those with obesity or the other aforementioned diabetes-related morbidities might benefit from the experience of a qualified CEP who can assess for low blood sugars postexercise, or for abnormal heart rate and blood pressure responses, and who can work with patients with loss of sensation in their feet or who may develop sores on their feet that can be exacerbated by exercise. Each of these situations requires an understanding of the pathophysiology involved and how it relates to exercise and how exercise mode, intensity, and durations might be modified. This sets up a perfect scenario for the CEP to become part of the diabetes care team. But how does that happen? One thought is for those working in a clinical program such as cardiac rehabilitation, to consider contacting the diabetes management team in your hospital system to discuss the advantages of having a CEP either on staff or on-call to provide their expertise as needed for patients with T2D. A potentially helpful tool in the United States to aid in gaining professional respect from the diabetes team is to consider becoming a Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES). This is available to those who are an ACSM-CEP. Effective diabetes care requires regular physical activity and exercise, and many of those with T2D have not been regular practitioners. This is yet another opportunity for CEPs, no matter where in the world, to expand into care for patients other than those with cardiac disease. Be progressive and move toward working with those with TD2. They need you!

Entomologist's Monthly Magazine First Paper Reminiscence: Lake Tana 1965

Entomologist's Monthly Magazine First Paper Reminiscence: Lake Tana 1965