Monomodal Particle Size Distribution Research Articles

Formation and Stability of Emulsions Prepared with a Water-Soluble Extract from the Microalga Chlorella protothecoides.

Unicellular microalgae are a valuable source of macro- and micronutrients. They contain, for example, proteins that are potentially useful as new emulsifiers. The aim of this study was to investigate the emulsifying properties of a less-refined lyophilized crude water-soluble extract (WSE), obtained from the heterotrophically cultivated microalga Chlorella protothecoides. Interfacial tension measurements indicated that mainly the proteins in the extract showed interfacial activity. O/W emulsions were prepared by high-pressure homogenization (1 000 bar, 3 passes) with 5.0 wt % of oil and 2.5 wt % of protein from Chlorella protothecoides, resulting in emulsions having a volume-based mean droplet diameter of d43 ≤ 1 μm and being stable for at least 7 days. Two different stress tests showed that ( i) protein-stabilized emulsions were resistant to very high salt concentrations (up to 500 mM NaCl), and ( ii) emulsions were stable over a very broad pH range of 2-9, with only minor changes in the particle size d43 (e.g. with an increase of only 300 nm when the pH was lowered from 5 to 4) compared to whey protein-stabilized emulsions. All WSE emulsions had monomodal particle size distributions and were macro- and microscopically stable during a storage of up to 7 days. The results indicate that the WSE of Chlorella protothecoides has remarkably good emulsifying properties and might be of use as a new emulsifier in various applications in which emulsions are exposed to a broad range of ionic strengths and pH values.

Pressure sensitive adhesives with post-crosslinking ability based on acrylic dispersions obtained from solvent-borne copolymers

This work presents a novel aqueous dispersion prepared from a solvent-borne acrylic copolymer mixture containing carboxylic acid groups for the first copolymer and epoxy groups for the second copolymer. The aim of this work was to test the suitability of the presented dispersion for the preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) with post-crosslinking ability. A monomodal particle size distribution was obtained and a successful coemulsification of both copolymers into one particle was proved, although the epoxy containing polymer did not bear carboxylic acid groups. Storage of the dispersion led to intraparticular crosslinking inside the particles, which produced an increase in the shear of the PSA. Post-crosslinking ability was shown for the PSA of the unaged and aged dispersions in the presence of 1-methylimidazole and led to a major increase in shear but did not lead to a considerable decrease in peel. Probe-tack enabled a fast detection of post-crosslinking because of the appearance of a plateau formation in probe-tack curves. The adhesive properties before and after crosslinking demonstrate the potential of the presented dispersion, which yields novel PSA for applications which need high shear but also sufficient peel.

Use of Plasma-Synthesized Nano-Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation in Low-Temperature Fischer⁻Tropsch Synthesis: Effect of Catalyst Pre-Treatment.

A study was done on the effect of temperature and catalyst pre-treatment on CO hydrogenation over plasma-synthesized catalysts during the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Nanometric Co/C, Fe/C, and 50%Co-50%Fe/C catalysts with BET specific surface area of ~80 m2 g–1 were tested at a 2 MPa pressure and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2000 cm3 h−1 g−1 of a catalyst (at STP) in hydrogen-rich FTS feed gas (H2:CO = 2.2). After pre-treatment in both H2 and CO, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the used catalysts shifted from a mono-modal particle-size distribution (mean ~11 nm) to a multi-modal distribution with a substantial increase in the smaller nanoparticles (~5 nm), which was statistically significant. Further characterization was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM with EDX elemental mapping), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average CO conversion at 500 K was 18% (Co/C), 17% (Fe/C), and 16% (Co-Fe/C); 46%, 37%, and 57% at 520 K; and 85%, 86% and 71% at 540 K respectively. The selectivity of Co/C for C5+ was ~98% with 8% gasoline, 61%, diesel and 28% wax (fractions) at 500 K; 22% gasoline, 50% diesel, and 19% wax at 520 K; and 24% gasoline, 34% diesel, and 11% wax at 540 K, besides CO2 and CH4 as by-products. Fe-containing catalysts manifested similar trends, with a poor conformity to the Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) product distribution.

Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles as a Method of Increasing Their Antibacterial Action.

In this article, a series of silver-containing dressings are prepared by metal-vapor synthesis (MVS), and their antibacterial properties are investigated. The antibacterial activity of the dressings containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some Gram-positive, and Gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Moraxella spp.) has been determined. Based on the plasmon resonance frequency of these nanoparticles, the frequency of laser irradiation of the dressing was chosen. The gauze bandage examined showed pronounced antibacterial properties, especially to Staphylococcus aureus strain. When 470 nm laser radiation, with a power of 5 mW, was applied for 5 min, 4 h after inoculating the Petri dish, and placing a bandage containing silver nanoparticles on it, the antibacterial effect of the latter significantly increased—both against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The structure and chemical composition of the silver-containing nanocomposite were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The synthesized AgNPs demonstrate narrow and monomodal particle size distribution with an average size of 1.75 nm. Atoms of metal in Ag/bandage system are mainly in Ag0 state, and the oxidized atoms are in the form of Ag-Ag-O groups.

EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN Y PRESIÓN DE HOMOGENIZACIÓN EN EMULSIONES DE ACEITE DE CHÍA ELABORADAS MEDIANTE MICROFLUIDIZACIÓN

The effect of continuous phase composition and microfluidization pressure on properties of chia oil emulsions was analyzed using a D-optimal combined design. The results indicated that the suggested models were significantly (p≤0.05) fitted for all response variables (emulsion droplet size, ζ-potential, Turbiscan stability index and apparent viscosity) and showed high coefficients of determinations (0.897 - 0.933). The soy protein isolate had the major effect on the evaluated parameters due to their emulsifying property and electrical charge. The microfluidization technology allowed the production of emulsions with a droplet size in the range of nanometers (<500 nm) and monomodal particle size distribution. The optimum condition to obtain the minimum emulsion droplet size (300.97 nm), ζ-potential (-40.03 mV), Turbiscan stability index (1.06) and apparent viscosity (18.65 mPa•s) was when a chia oil emulsion was formulated with 4.8 % w/w of SPI and 25.2 % w/w of MD, applying high microfluidization pressure (104 MPa).

Synthesis and size control of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8): From the perspective of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of nucleation

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is a microporous and crystalline material with strong prospect for many engineering applications. In particular, nanosized ZIF-8 particles with well-defined structure and aperture are highly desirable. In this study, nanosized ZIF-8 particles with narrow and monomodal particle size distribution were successfully synthesized by carrying out the ZIF-8 synthesis in ice bath condition using high concentrations of zinc (Zn2+, 0.20 M) and 2-methylimidazolate (2-mIm−, 1.60 M) ions. Under low temperature (5 °C), ZIF-8 nucleation was enhanced while the subsequent ZIF-8 nuclei growth was suppressed to produce monomodal particle size with mean particle size of ca. 60 nm. The ZIF-8 nanoparticles were also shown to be fully crystalline and possessed proper chemical structure with well-developed pore network as well as good thermal stability up to 200 °C.

Application of a novel new multispectral nanoparticle tracking technique

Fast, reliable, and accurate particle size analysis techniques must meet the demands of evolving industrial and academic research in areas of functionalized nanoparticle synthesis, advanced materials development, and other nanoscale enabled technologies. In this study a new multispectral particle tracking analysis (m-PTA) technique enabled by the ViewSizer™ 3000 (MANTA Instruments, USA) was evaluated using solutions of monomodal and multimodal gold and polystyrene latex nanoparticles, as well as a spark eroded polydisperse 316L stainless steel nanopowder, and large (non-Brownian) borosilicate particles. It was found that m-PTA performed comparably to the DLS in evaluation of monomodal particle size distributions. When measuring bimodal, trimodal and polydisperse solutions, the m-PTA technique overwhelmingly outperformed traditional dynamic light scattering (DLS) in both peak detection and relative particle concentration analysis. It was also observed that the m-PTA technique is less susceptible to large particle overexpression errors. The ViewSizer™ 3000 was also found to be successful in accurately evaluating sizes and concentrations of monomodal and bimodal sinking borosilicate particles.

Freeze-dried and re-hydrated liquid crystalline nanoparticles stabilized with disaccharides for drug-delivery of the plectasin derivative AP114 antimicrobial peptide

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs), e.g. cubosomes and hexosomes, are receiving more and more attraction as drug delivery vehicles. Dry powder formulation that forms LCNPs upon hydration can be advantageous to make new routes of administration accessible. In this work, we investigate use of three disaccharides (lactose, trehalose and sucrose) as protective matrices for glycerol monooleate based LCNP forming powders produced by freeze-drying. Phase behavior, particle size and size distributions at the different preparation steps were monitored by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Particle appearance was imaged by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Moreover, the therapeutic relevant antimicrobial peptide AP114 (plectasin derivative) was incorporated in the formulations. Peptide encapsulation and release as well as in vitro antibacterial effect were investigated. Results showed that all freeze-dried powders did form particles with liquid crystalline structure upon hydration. However, a phase transition from the bicontinuous cubic Pn3m to the reversed hexagonal was observed, as a consequence of sugar addition and the freeze-drying procedure. Data indicates that trehalose is the preferred choice of lyo-protectant in order to maintain a mono-modal particle size distribution. In addition, antimicrobial activity of AP114-containing formulations was found to be highest for the formulation containing trehalose. The release kinetics of AP114 from the nanoparticles was strongly affected by the dimensions of the hexagonal phase. Larger dimension of the hexagonal phase, significantly improved the release of AP114 and antimicrobial activity of the formulation.

Detection of CO2 and O2 by iron loaded LTL zeolite films

Detection of oxygen and carbon dioxide is important in the field of chemical and biosensors for atmosphere and biosystem monitoring and fermentation processes. The present study reports on the preparation of zeolite films doped with iron nanoparticles for detection of CO2 and O2 in gas phase. Pure nanosized LTL type zeolite with monomodal particle size distribution loaded with iron (Fe-LTL) was prepared under hydrothermal condition from colloidal precursor suspensions. The zeolite was loaded with iron to different levels by ion exchange. The Fe-LTL suspensions were used for preparation of thin films on silicon wafers via spin coating method. The reduction of the iron in the zeolite films was carried out under H2 flow (50% H2 in Ar) at 300 °C. The presence of iron nanoparticles is proved by in situ ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy. The properties of the films including surface roughness, thickness, porosity, and mechanical stability were studied. In addition, the loading and distribution of iron in the zeolite films were investigated. The Fe-LTL zeolite films were used to detect O2 and CO2 in a concentration dependent mode, followed by IR spectroscopy. The changes in the IR bands at 855 and 642 cm–1 (Fe‒O‒H and Fe‒O bending vibrations) and at 2363 and 2333 cm–1 (CO2 asymmetric stretching) corresponding to the presence of O2 and CO2, respectively, were evaluated. The response to O2 and CO2 was instant, which was attributed to great accessibility of the iron in the nanosized zeolite crystals. The saturation of the Fe-LTL films with CO2 and O2 at each concentration was reached within less than a minute. The Fe-LTL films detected both oxygen and carbon dioxide in contrast, to the pure LTL zeolite film.

On the Production of Chitosan-Coated Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles in a Confined Impinging Jet Reactor

This work is focused on the synthesis of polycaprolactone nanoparticles, coated with chitosan, in a confined impinging jet reactor using the solvent displacement method. The role of the various reacting species was investigated, evidencing that a biocompatible polymer, for example, polycaprolactone, is required to support chitosan to obtain a monomodal particle size distribution, with low particle diameters. A surfactant is required to reduce the nanoparticle size (down to a mean diameter of about 260 nm) and obtain a positive zeta potential (about +31 mV), perfectly suitable for pharmaceutical applications. Different surfactants were tested, and Poloxamer 388 appeared to be preferable to polyvinyl alcohol. The effect of the concentration of Poloxamer 388 (in the range 0.5-5 mg mL−1) and of chitosan (in the range 1.5-5 mg mL−1) on both the mean particle size and zeta potential was also investigated, evidencing that chitosan concentration has the strongest effect on both parameters. Finally, the effect of solvent evaporation, quenching and feed flow rate was investigated, showing that the evaporation stage does not affect particle characteristics, quenching is required to avoid particle aggregation, and a minimum liquid flow rate of 80 mL min−1 is required in the considered reactor to minimize the particle size.

Nanoparticulate delivery systems for alkyl gallates: Influence of the elaboration process on particle characteristics, drug encapsulation and in-vitro release

PLA nanoparticles loaded with n-alkyl gallates (AGs) were prepared either by nanoprecipitation (NP) or by O/W emulsion/solvent evaporation (E/SE). A nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide was used for surface coverage and for ensuring colloidal stability. Different parameters were systematically assessed to enhance the drug incorporation, with the aim of obtaining monomodal and narrow particle size distributions. The nanoparticles were characterized by 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser light scattering granulometry. The colloidal stability of suspensions was evaluated after incubation in NaCl solutions and was maintained up to 1M NaCl. The mean particle diameter and the width of size distribution were found very similar for both processes (slightly lower diameters when using E/SE) with various drug loadings. The amount of encapsulated AG by E/SE was about twice that encapsulated by NP. The in-vitro release of AG was evaluated under sink conditions and no burst effect was observed. Release curves were successfully modeled using the Fick diffusion model with a constant diffusion coefficient and assuming non-swellable particles. Diffusion coefficients of AG loaded in nanoparticles prepared by NP were higher than those found in nanoparticles elaborated by E/SE.

Thermal and ultraviolet–visible light stability kinetics of co-nanoencapsulated carotenoids

Lipid-core nanocapsules loaded with β-carotene and α-carotene, and lutein (NCs) were produced with monomodal particle size distribution. Their mean diameter was 151.33±5.03nm (D4,3) and 180.30±0.70nm (z-average), zeta potential was −22.63±0.52mV, and pH was 3.21±0.04. The stability of NCs was studied under different simulated industrial treatments, such as thermal and ultraviolet (UV)–visible light treatment. Regardless of the temperature and incubation time of the samples, higher carotenoids retention (%) was observed in NCs than ethanol extract (EE) (under UV–vis light treatment) and higher carotenoids retention (%) was observed in NCs compared to EE and data already published on the stability of non-encapsulated carotenoids (under thermal treatment). In addition, NCs when exposed to UV–vis light treatment had higher activation energy and lower constant rate (k) than EE. In conclusion, nanoencapsulation offers greater stability to the β-carotene, α-carotene, and lutein upon exposure to conditions similar to those used in the food processing (heat) and storage (UV–vis light).

Cisplatin delivery vehicles based on stabilized polymeric aggregates comprising poly(acrylic acid) chains

Stabilized polymeric aggregates (SPAs) comprising poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chains were studied as a delivery platform for cisplatin. SPAs were prepared by blending a poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer with a poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) triblock copolymer and additional loading and photocrosslinking of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA). Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 176 nm and a monomodal particle size distribution. The stabilized polymeric aggregates were loaded with cisplatin by a ligand exchange reaction, achieving a high loading efficiency of 76%. A study on the release of complexes of platinum(II) from the particles in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and citrate buffer solution (CBS) at 37 °C revealed a sustained release profile. More than 90% and nearly 80% of the loaded drug were released within 312 h in PBS and CBS, respectively. The in vitro cell viability assay indicated that cisplatin immobilized in the SPAs is less cytotoxic than the non-immobilized agent. The intracellular accumulation of the entrapped complex was comparable to that of the free drug. Complexation of cisplatin with stabilized ‘Pluronic’ aggregates, containig functional poly(acrylic acid) moieties was investigated as platform for drug delivery application. The advantageous characteristics of the system involve high drug payload, excellent stability upon storage and sustained drug release of the conjugated drug over 2 weeks.

Utilisation of spontaneous emulsification to fabricate lutein‐loaded nanoemulsion‐based delivery systems: factors influencing particle size and colour

SummaryFactors influencing the formation and properties of lutein‐loaded nanoemulsions fabricated using spontaneous emulsification (SE) were investigated. Nanoemulsion formation depended on oil type: small droplets (diameter ≈ 200 nm) with a narrow monomodal particle size distribution (polydispersity index ≈ 0.23) could be formed using medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT), but not long‐chain triglycerides. Nanoemulsion formation also depended on surfactant type and concentration, with Tween 80 being the most effective surfactant. Optimisation of lutein‐loaded nanoemulsions formed by SE led to systems with a final composition of 10 wt% oil phase (0.12 wt% lutein + 9.88 wt% MCT), 10 wt% Tween 80, and 80 wt% aqueous phase. The nanoemulsions were stable to droplet aggregation when stored at ambient temperature for up to 1 month; however, some colour fading occurred due to lutein degradation. This study indicated the potential of nanoemulsion‐based delivery system fabricated using a low‐energy method for encapsulation and protection of lutein.

The influence of ammonia and selected amines on the characteristics of calcium carbonate precipitated from calcium chloride solutions via carbonation

The precipitation of calcium carbonate was carried out by passing a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and air into a calcium chloride solution. The selected compounds enhancing carbon dioxide absorption were used as additives which promote the formation of carbonate ions in the solution. The additives were ammonia, monoethanolamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine. The resulting calcium carbonate particles varied in polymorphic composition and the particle size depending on the used absorption promoter. When absorption occurred quickly in ammonia or monoethanolamine solutions, the obtained calcium carbonate particles were mainly vaterite. Calcium carbonate particles were precipitated as calcite in triethylamine or triethanolamine solutions, while the rate of carbon dioxide mass transfer from gas to liquid phase was much slower. All precipitated calcium carbonate particles had monomodal particle size distributions. Smaller particles of vaterite were produced in the monoethanolamine solution and of calcite in the triethylamine solution.

The effect of a lipophilic drug, felodipine, on the formation of nanoemulsions upon phase inversion induced by temperature variation

The correlation between a dispersed phase/dispersion medium interfacial tension σ at a storage temperature of 22°C and the dispersity and stability of oil-in-water miniemulsions, which result from temperature-induced phase inversion, has been revealed for hydrocarbon/polyoxyethylene(4)lauryl ether/water systems (in the presence and absence of felodipine) with the help of conductometry, tensiometry, and dispersion analysis. At σ < 3.5 × 10–6 N/m, oil-in-water nanoemulsions, which have narrow monomodal particle size distributions and are stable for a month, are a fortiori formed. Felodipine has been shown to serve as a cosurfactant, which is incorporated into the adsorption layer of a basic stabilizing nonionic surfactant. Therewith, σ values increase and the temperature of phase inversion decreases, while the concentration of the basic surfactant in an optimal composition must be substantially reduced. A heptane/water nanoemulsion (droplet size of 75 nm) stabilized with a basic nonionic surfactant and Tween 80 exhibits a high solubilization capacity with respect to felodipine and ensures its efficient mass transfer through a model membrane.

A forward-angle-scattering method for the determination of optical constants and particle size distribution by collimated laser irradiation

This study examined the feasibility of using a secondary optimization technique and forward-angle-scattering method to retrieve optical constants (or complex refractive indices) and particle size distribution (PSD) simultaneously. In this work, two continuous wave lasers of different wavelengths were applied to irradiate the participating samples, and the scattered light of samples with different acceptance angles was obtained. First, the scattered signals within different acceptance angles were calculated by solving the radiative transfer equation. Then, the complex refractive index and PSD were retrieved simultaneously by applying quantum particle swarm optimization. However, the estimated results of PSD were inaccurate. Thus, a secondary optimization, which using the directional radiative intensity as input, was performed to improve the accuracy of PSD based on the first optimization process. Four commonly used kinds of monomodal PSD functions, i.e., the Rosin-Rammler, standard Normal, Logarithmic Normal, and Junge distribution, were retrieved. All results showed that the proposed technique can estimate the complex refractive index and PSD accurately.

A practical comparison of photon correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy in nanoparticle and microparticle size evaluation

Monodisperse standard polystyrene particles were used to determine the differences between two methods for analyzing particle size based on dynamic light scattering—namely photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and photon cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS). We demonstrate that the cross-correlation technique achieves results more in line with real particle properties not only with respect to monodisperse systems, but also with respect to polydisperse standard polystyrene particle systems. In addition, suspensions of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles or PLGA (Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide)) particles were studied by both PCS and PCCS in order to compare the measurements of non-standardized particles. Both methods were suitable for particle size distribution analysis with respect to the studied particle systems, but photon cross-correlation spectroscopy yielded more precise results and was able to distinguish particles with a diameter ratio of 4, whereas PCS showed a monomodal particle size distribution when measuring particles with a diameter ratio of 5. Measurements of non-standard samples confirmed previous findings that PCCS is more suitable for measurements of multi disperse systems.

Microphysical particle properties derived from inversion algorithms developed in the framework of EARLINET

Abstract. We present a summary on the current status of two inversion algorithms that are used in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) for the inversion of data collected with EARLINET multiwavelength Raman lidars. These instruments measure backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm. Development of these two algorithms started in 2000 when EARLINET was founded. The algorithms are based on a manually controlled inversion of optical data which allows for detailed sensitivity studies. The algorithms allow us to derive particle effective radius as well as volume and surface area concentration with comparably high confidence. The retrieval of the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index still is a challenge in view of the accuracy required for these parameters in climate change studies in which light absorption needs to be known with high accuracy. It is an extreme challenge to retrieve the real part with an accuracy better than 0.05 and the imaginary part with accuracy better than 0.005–0.1 or ±50 %. Single-scattering albedo can be computed from the retrieved microphysical parameters and allows us to categorize aerosols into high- and low-absorbing aerosols. On the basis of a few exemplary simulations with synthetic optical data we discuss the current status of these manually operated algorithms, the potentially achievable accuracy of data products, and the goals for future work. One algorithm was used with the purpose of testing how well microphysical parameters can be derived if the real part of the complex refractive index is known to at least 0.05 or 0.1. The other algorithm was used to find out how well microphysical parameters can be derived if this constraint for the real part is not applied. The optical data used in our study cover a range of Ångström exponents and extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios that are found from lidar measurements of various aerosol types. We also tested aerosol scenarios that are considered highly unlikely, e.g. the lidar ratios fall outside the commonly accepted range of values measured with Raman lidar, even though the underlying microphysical particle properties are not uncommon. The goal of this part of the study is to test the robustness of the algorithms towards their ability to identify aerosol types that have not been measured so far, but cannot be ruled out based on our current knowledge of aerosol physics. We computed the optical data from monomodal logarithmic particle size distributions, i.e. we explicitly excluded the more complicated case of bimodal particle size distributions which is a topic of ongoing research work. Another constraint is that we only considered particles of spherical shape in our simulations. We considered particle radii as large as 7–10 µm in our simulations where the Potsdam algorithm is limited to the lower value. We considered optical-data errors of 15 % in the simulation studies. We target 50 % uncertainty as a reasonable threshold for our data products, though we attempt to obtain data products with less uncertainty in future work.

Functionalized nanosponges for controlled antibacterial and antihypocalcemic actions.

The aim of the present work was to develop lysozyme impregnated surface-active nanosponges to maintain its conformational stability and break bacterial cell walls by catalyzing the hydrolysis of 1,4-β-linkages between N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid residues present in peptidoglycan layer surrounding the bacterial cell membrane, and for controlling the release of calcium in hypocalcemia condition. Different carbonyl diimidazole cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges with and without CaCO3 and CMC were prepared by polymer condensation method. The surface-active nanosponges were impregnated by lysozyme due to their ability to adsorb protein. Lysozyme impregnated nanosponges had a monomodal particle size distribution of 347.46±3.07 to 550.34±5.23nm, with a narrow distribution. The zeta potentials were sufficiently increased upon lysozyme impregnation, suggesting stable formulations by preventing aggregation. The in vitro release studies showed controlled release of lysozyme and calcium over a period of 24h. FTIR studies confirmed the impregnation of lysozyme on nanosponges and encapsulation of calcium in nanosponges. Lysozyme formulation showed promising conformational stability by DSC. It can be concluded that the stable nanosponges formulation is a promising carrier for antibacterial protein and preventing depletion of calcium in antibiotic associated hypocalcemic condition.