Form Of Monologue Research Articles

QUALISIGN, SINSIGN, AND LEGISIGN IN GREAT EXPECTATIONS BY CHARLES DICKENS

This study aims to describe the semiotics of Charles Sanders Pierce based on the representament in the novel. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The Great Expectations, novel by Charles Dickens as a source of research data and text excerpts in the form of narration, dialogue, and monologues containing qualisign, sinsign, and legisign as data. Data collection techniques are done by reading techniques and inventory techniques. Stages of data analysis techniques are carried out by means of data reduction, data presentation, explanation of the results of the study as well as the conclusion and verification of research results. The results showed that the semiotics in the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens were divided into: (1) qualisign in the form of verbal markers in the form of characters' conversations about other characters and nonverbal markers in the form of activities or activities of characters, time settings, and character reactions. (2) sinsign in the form of verbal markers of the character's conversations with other characters and conversations about other characters as well as nonverbal markers in the form of bodily movements or expressions, character's activities or activities, character's physical characteristics, settings, thoughts or feelings of the characters, and character's reactions. (3) Legisign of verbal markers in the form of characters' conversations with other characters and conversations about other characters and nonverbal markers in the form of body movements or expressions of characters.

Status in Social Networks as a Speech Genre

Modern linguistics is characterized by the establishment and formation of a new promising direction, based on anthropocentric theory of speech genres (TSG). The popularity of this direction lies in the interest of the scientists in the phenomenon of virtual communication, which has a certain structure and differs in mechanisms of influence on the social content. The multidimensionality and richness of genre forms determine the need for a diverse approach to the study of speech genres in modern genology. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the theory of speech genres in modern linguistics. The author presents the basic theoretical foundations of the study of the theory of speech genres. Taking into account the achievements of modern studies, the concept of speech genres is analyzed, features and functions of the visual elements of the speech genre are described. It is proved that the modern speech genre and its variety the virtual speech genre are an informational and communicative environment in which there is a certain styling, sphere of communication, speech behavior. The speech genre and the virtual speech genre belong to the written communication and rely on the fullest use of lexical, grammatical, graphic, and media means of speech, which foresees certain adjustments, as well as it differs by the form of dialogue and monologue.

Psychological Information in the Content of a Modern Journal

The article is the result of a study of the significance of expert psychological information, as well as information of a socio-psychological plan for journalistic materials; the work was carried out by the editorial office of Gatchinskaya Pravda newspaper (Leningrad Oblast). Psychological information in the media as an object of linguistic research has not been studied previously, the novelty of the work lies in the psycho-linguistic approach to the study of the question and to attempt correlation comparative studies of the authors with the study of peculiarities of perception of media texts of the contemporary audience. The article deals with verbal forms of social and psychological information presentation in the media, mainly in journal publications as a form of dialogue or monologue with the reader on a certain topic; the reasons for the audience’s access to psychological information in a modern magazine and the intent of the demand for texts containing such information are studied. To do this, we first studied the level of readers’ awareness of the types and forms of media information, as well as the degree of demand for knowledge of a socio-psychological orientation. The main object of research is language markers of psychological information. The relevance of the topic is explained by the great interest of magazine readers, as shown by media ratings, to psychological information. As part of the study of modern psychological techniques of media influence, the authors analyzed the results of research by psychologists and psychiatrists, who state an increase in the level of anxiety in the current psychological and emotional state of people. Doctors associate the causes of some anxiety disorders with the consumption of media information, the imposition of advice, recommendations, and lifestyle at the angle of presentation as psychological information. The article describes the results of media research; it is noted that information of a socio-psychological plan plays an important role in shaping the audience’s worldview and has a socio-psychological impact on it. The features and types of this influence are considered; the results of surveys of magazine readers are given, since the magazine is one of the mass media that publishes analytical and informative materials. The authors make an attempt to explain a certain degree of obsession with psychological information to the reader in the media; they indicate the reasons identified in the course of research for this communicative psychological strategy, bordering on and sometimes directly related to the manipulative actions of the author or publisher. Keywords: media text, mass communication media, personality, language tools, psycholinguistics, information, psychological information

Al-Anashir Al-Dakhiliyah Fi Qishash Musa wa Yusuf Alaihis Salam Fi Al-Qur’an al-Karim: Dirasah Muqaranah

The purpose of this study was to find the intrinsic elements and the comparison of the intrinsic elements between story of the prophet Musa a.s and the prophet Yusuf a.s in surah al-qosos and surah yusuf in the Qur’an.Both have almost the same life journey. The story of prophet Musa a.s is recorded in various surahs and the story of prophet yusuf a.s is recorded in only one surah. This research examines the story of prophet Musa a.s in surah al-qosos verses 1-70 and the story of prophet Yusuf a.s in surah yusuf verses 1-111. This study used a qualitative descriptive method using data in the form of dialogue texts and monologues in the surah al-qosos and surah yusuf which showed the intrinsic elements and the comparison of the intrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements and comparison of the intrinsic elements studied include characterization,plot,setting,theme and language style. The result of this study are the intrinsic elements of the story prophet Musa a.s and Yusuf a.s and the comparison of the intrinsic element of the two stories.

THE FEATURES OF THE AUTHOR'S PRESENCE IN A PERSONAL NARRATION (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN "IN THE FIRST CIRCLE")

The article deals with the role of the author as a subject of omniscience in the personal narration of Solzhenitsyn's novel "In the First Circle". It is shown that this role is verbalized in the form of the author's inserts and aphoristic formulas, by which the author intervenes in the narrative of the characters. It is noted that the author's subjective view and the evaluative motive are present not only within the narrative of the narrator, but also in separate author's monologues-inserts, which differ at a different pace with in the general narrative, as well as in descriptions of the surrounding environment and psychological traits of the protagonists. It was determined that the author's presence in dialogues and polylogs is determined in remarks, which can be expanded to the extent of a message fragment, that in aphoristic formulas. Both the personal narrative and the internal monologue of the characters are under the general control of the author - the main narrator, and the external dialogue represents the actual speech of the characters with possible author's remarks or inserts. It is noted that the general polemical context (mostly in dialogical form) is supplemented and concretized by the author's journalistic inserts in the form of short monologues or aphoristic formulas, often ironically colored in the text of the novel. In conclusion, it is noted that the dialogues and monologues of the characters (formally expanded dialogic cues), as well as the author's inserts (cues, comments, remarks) in the novel are aimed directly at the reader, which not only helps to better understand the author's intentions, but also motivates.

Monologic ethics: The single speaker as discursive partner in Anna Deavere Smith’s Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992

This reflective article asserts that the monologue form helps audiences and readers ask ethical questions concerning the relationship(s) between subjectivity and communal identity formation. Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992, researched, written and originally performed by Anna Deavere Smith, serves as this article’s primary textual example of a monologic play. The play’s monologic form embodies ethical possibility through its attentiveness to multiple perspectives and intersubjective dialogue developed from Smith’s interviews following the aftermath of the Rodney King verdict. Because the violence against Rodney King (like the more recent murder of George Floyd) was recorded on video, the play’s monologic ethics also engage with, and sometimes against, technological evidence of institutional racism. Monologues, and especially soliloquies, function within larger dialogic plays as a mirror – a reflection of consciousness. These minor generic variations in dialogic plays here become Twilight’s primary organizing principle, thus transgressing traditional genre laws. Earlier twentieth-century monologic texts, by Beckett and others, resignified and problematized the soliloquy’s relationship to identity-formation. The paradigm of an isolated single subjectivity, such as Hamlet or even King Lear’s Edmund, is sedimented into classical form. Smith’s play, Twilight, like Shange’s monologic text, For Colored Girls, without one central protagonist, restructures and reframes the dramatic monologue to allow a closer look at the ethics of how we live with our own fragmented selves.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE ATAMBUA STUDENTS’ MULTILINGUAL BACKGROUND AND THEIR ENGLISH ORAL PROFICIENCY

Multilingualism is the ability of someone to operate more than one language for communication. Atambua people are multilingual since they have more than one language background, it make them difficult in speaking English. This study aims to Analyze the English Oral Proficiency (EOP) of the Atambua students with multilingual background. It is a descriptive qualitative research involving multilingual Atambua students who also speak English. 10 out of 200 as the researcher participants are selected through questionnaire develop by the researcher to know their multilingual background. EOP in form of monologue was employed to the students to know their level using scoring rubric by Brown (2001). Then, analysis was done to see the relation of their level of EOP with their number of language useand age of their English acquisition or learning. The result of this study showed that 2 students with 3 languages use have 3,0 and 3+ levels, (able to participate effectively in formal and informal situation, as well as the professional topics). 5 students with 4 languages use have various level, ranging 1+ (able to satisfy limited social demands) to the 3+ level. 1 student with 5 languages was in level 1+, and 2 students matering 6 languages were in level 1+ and level 2 (able to satisfy routine social demands). 2 students learned English before 10 year-old, and their EOP level was 3+. 8 other students learned English in their 11 up to 14 year-old. Interesting phenomenon found that only 1 out of 8 students with with 3 languages use get the highest level (3) even she learn English over golden age. It indicates that the result of the research is in line with the previous theory stated that multilingual person will face difficult in learning English, Bialystok( 2001).

Novel Theory and Technology in Modernist Britain, by Heather Fielding; Modernist Soundscapes: Auditory Technology and the Novel, by Angela Frattarola

Novel Theory and Technology in Modernist Britain, by Heather Fielding; Modernist Soundscapes: Auditory Technology and the Novel, by Angela Frattarola

Svetlana (Nominated play, excerpt)

Svetlana is a theatre collage of soulscapes of a few women born in Bulgaria, Russia and the USA before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Memories from the past alternate with letters, fantasies, and conflicts. The story of Svetlana Alliluyeva, Stalin’s daughter, is in the center of the play. Parallel to it is the story of Ada, born in the 1970s Bulgaria. Mainly in the form of monologues, the two women speak on the topic of money, truth, family, and the imprint of history on every person’s life.

To the Issue of the Heterogeneity of the Autobiographical Text
 (Based on Modern German)

The article is devoted to the study of the official autobiographicaltext in the aspect of its heterogeneityand polycoding. Despite the fact that the autobiographical
 text belongs to official texts that have a solid structure and an established set of stylistic features, this texttype has recently found certain modifications that are an incentive for its further research. The modifications result from the egocentric nature of the text, allowing a certain «freedom» of the author in
 choosing diverse means of influence, which makes the text heterogeneous. The heterogeneity is widely interpreted as a heterogeneous composition
 of the text and it has multiple manifestations. The text functional belonging to official autobiography is heterogeneous. Being assertive in a form, the text of
 the autobiography has a motivation for the action as the main pragmatic goal. The implementation of the incentive to the action is carried out by the appellative function, which has an indirect nature of implementation in the text of the autobiography. The effective implementation of the appellative function
 is carried out by the interaction of heterogeneous components within a single text as a whole.Such components include an official and unofficial register of communication, totality of dialogic and monologic speech forms, stylistic expressive
 means inherent inbelles-lettres, mono-subjectivity and poly-subjectivity of presentation, polycodingas inclusion of non-linguistic signs in the text.

포스트드라마 연극텍스트(Postdramatik)의 무대화 특징- 엘프리데 옐리네크(Elfriede Jelinek) 작 《겨울 나그네》번역 공연을 중심으로

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between postdramatic play text, in other word ‘postdramati’c and postdramatic theater performance in Winterreise[Winter Journey] written by an Austrian playwright, Elfriede Jelinek. One of the important features of Jelinek’s playtext is non-reproducibility. Text created by intertextuality consists of segmental and fragmentary preceding text, like a collage. In the text, specific characters and stories are not reproduced clearly. Regardless of what character says, his (her) long lasting text strongly reflects the non-reproducibility. The postdramatic intertextuality of Jelinek’s playtext makes the characters and objects unclear, causing non-reproducibility. The director utilizes the text as a source material to complete his own postdramatic performance. Discussing how the characteristics of postdramatic text affect the postdramatic theatrical performance, this study considers Korean adaptation of Winterreise, as an example of postdramatic performance. One of the features of postdramatic performance is reproducibility of non-reproducibility. In Jelinek’s postdramatic performance, character’s words and actions rarely match one another. The existence of non-representative language created by Jelinek''s playtexts clashes with the reproduction of the character’s behavior. In this process, non-representation of the playtext draws an image that audiences may stimulate unique associations in his (her) mind. The other feature is polyphony that exists in the Jelinek’s postdramatic playtexts and it makes a hybrid form of monologue and chorus in the scene. The polyphony of playtexts derived from intertextuality can diversify the directions of the postdramatic performance with the director’s choice. The important significance of this study was to examine the basic tendencies of postdramatic playtext and get a glimpse of its impact on the relationship with its postdramatic performance. In particular, this study can dedicate to enhancing the practical development of postdramatic performances and expanding the theoretical horizon to the theater study in Korea by utilizing Korean adaptation of the postdramatic playtext abroad.

“Otherˮ in the Genre ‘Letter to the Editor’

Scholars see dialogue as the primary natural form of language communication; monologue is recognized as secondary to dialogue. The purpose of this article is to analyze the texts of the genre ‘Letter to the Editor’ (LTE) in terms of material presence in them of “the otherˮ as a signal of the dialogic category manifestation in the monologic text. The hypothesis is that in LTE texts “the other” – the addressee, vis-à-vis of the LTE subject – is not only implied, but actually materially, verbally explicated. The novelty of the study is determined by the choice of the approach, which makes the dialogic category overt at the level of not only the deep, but also of the superficial structure. The choice of research material and methods in this study is conditioned by M. Bakhtin’s understanding of dialogue as a universal property of speech. In monologic speech one is met with dialogue in the broader sense of the word, which may be understood as the mutual relationship, interaction between the position of the addresser and the addressee. The material for the research was taken from the corpus of texts assigned to the LTE genre and published by British daily periodicals, The Times, The Daily Telegraph, and The Independent. LTE is an essential and integral part in the generic system of media discourse as it invites feedback from the recipient. In order to achieve the intended objective of this research project, the author identified dialogic markers in the monologic text at textual, grammatical and lexical levels, extrapolating distinctive linguistic features from the dialogic form of speech into the monologic form of speech. The study has shown that a wide range of endodialogic markers, from pretextual (morphological, syntactical, lexical) to textual (architectonic) levels, manifests the presence of “the otherˮ in the monologic text. The results of the study have theoretical significance for a number of related areas of modern linguistics and, above all, media discourse (in terms of projecting the institutional and role-specific aspects), linguistic genre studies (in relation to the genre-forming specificity of the addressee), linguistic pragmatics (the addressее factor in the light of situational conventions), etc. Practically, these research results may be used in teaching specialized courses of the university curricula.

The Learning of Social Multistatus Character Genre to Improve Politeness in Javanese Language

This research aimed to develop a learning model of social multistatus character genre in Speaking Class at Department of Study Javanese Language in Universitas Negeri Semarang. This model emphasized the performance of the use of the Java language orally. Students practiced in the form of monologue and dialogue by changing the social status of the character. Changing social status of the character offered to stimulate the application of the rules of the Java language in varied diversity. This study used the Research and Development approach. This study was conducted over 2 years. The first year activity was speaking learning model with the guided of various texts by changing the social status character. The products had been validated by several education of Java language experts. In the second year, seminars and application of these models had been conducted in the Speaking Class. The result showed the model was effective because students’ spoken ability increased. Students improved their learning spirit and they participated actively during the learning process.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ETHNOCENTRISM IN MY BIG FAT GREEK WEDDING MOVIE

This study analyzes the negative effects of ethnocentrism in My Big Fat Greek Wedding movie by Joel Zwick. The data were in the form of dialogues and monologues collected by watching the movie, reading the script, identifying the data based on the research problem, and classifying the data.. Based on the findings, there are three negative effects of ethnocentrism shown by ethnocentric people. First, ethnocentrism builds a strong belief that their culture is superior to others. Second, ethnocentric people will perform high level of egocentrism. Third, ethnocentrism will affect inter-cultural communication in negative way. These three negative effects happen because ethnocentric people tend to focus only in group and evaluate other cultures based on their standards.

Imagined Interactions and Inner Speech

Similarities and differences between inner speech and imagined interactions (IIs) are discussed. Selected studies in both areas are reviewed. Inner speech originally was conceptualized as a stage in language acquisition and the process of thought. It reflects speaking to oneself in the form of monologue. It has been referred to as verbal thinking, inner speaking, covert self-talk, internal monologue, and internal dialogue as people talk to themselves in silence. IIs are similar, yet different in that imaginary dialogue reflects talking to another person while monologue is self-talk. IIs are a type of daydreaming, social cognition, and mental imagery in which people experience cognitive representations of conversation with accompanying verbal and nonverbal features. We highlight relevant studies in the areas of daydreaming, public speaking, rumination, cardiovascular arousal, and road rage. We conclude with two suggestions for future research.

Toward dialogic accounting? Public accountants’ assistance to works councils − A tool between hope and illusion

Abstract French law allows works councils (WCs, mandatory bodies representing employees and having both economic and social rights in firms with more than 50 employees) to be assisted by public accountants (PAs) to help them understand the accounting and financial information received from managers. The aim of this assistance is to strengthen the democratic role of the WCs in firms. The purpose of this research is to examine whether and how the PAs’ assistance to WCs leads to the emergence of a form of agonistic democracy by contributing to an evolution in firms’ uses of accounting. We conducted a qualitative study with 36 semi-structured interviews with both PAs and WC members. Our results indicate that, under certain circumstances, the assistance provided by PAs can support dialogue between the WC members (“laypersons”) and the managers (“experts”) in WCs, which can be viewed as “hybrid forums” (open spaces where heterogeneous groups come together to debate socio-technical choices). The confrontation between different ideological orientations that inevitably arises can contribute to a dialogic use of accounting, which is promising for developing an agonistic democracy within organizations. However, PA assistance to a WC must be carefully handled because of the risk that managers will instrumentalize it. When this happens, accounting is still used in a monologic (as opposed to dialogic) form in firm management. The risk is that genuine participation by WC members remains illusory.

Camera Monologue: Cultural Critique beyond Collaboration, Participation and Dialogue

Cameras always seem to capture a little too little and a little too much. In ethnographic films profound insights are often found in the tension between what we are taught socially to perceive and the peculiar non-social perception of the camera. Ethnographic filmmakers study the worlds of humans while leaning on, and sometimes being inspired, obstructed and even directed by the particular non-human and monologic forms of seeing and hearing that a camera can produce. But how would a camera perceive the footage it produces, and what would it think of the various ways we use it? In this textual experiment, I imagine what different cameras might reply to these questions if they could speak. In doing so, I call attention to ethnographic filmmaking as a more-than-human, more-than-collaborative and more-than-dialogical mode of cultural critique.

TARGET AND LEARNING NEEDS IN ENGLISH FOR MIDWIFERY STUDENTS

Teaching English for midwifery students is categorized as English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In this course, need analysis need to be conducted to discover what students already know, what they need to know, and what they want to know. To this end, the study investigated the target needs and learning needs of midwifery students. A total of 53 students responded to a questionnaire and open-ended interview. The results demonstrated that students wanted to be able to communicate English fluently. Also, they wanted to understand various English texts related to their midwifery field. The result also showed that most students were at the beginner level indicating that they were just able to understand simple sentences and expressions used in a daily life. Regarding learning needs, students preferred to have the input text in the form of dialogue and monologue provided with pictures with the length of the texts of less than 150 words and between 150-250 words. According to the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that need analysis needs to be conducted before giving the English course based on the students’ field study.

ANALISIS NILAI ETIKA TOLONG-MENOLONG TOKOH HEPI DALAM NOVEL ANAK RANTAU KARYA A. FUADI

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the ethical value of the help of the Hepi character in Son Rantau novel by A. Fuadi. This research includes descriptive research type which is qualitative. Primary data in this research is in the form of written data in the form of sentences, words, and paragraphs in the form of dialogs and monologues contained in Hepi characters in novels Anak Rantau A. Fuadi, while secondary data in this study in the form of books and literature taken from the library where the theories relate to this research. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the value of the helpful ethics contained in the novel Rantau Son of A. Fuadi there are 24 quotations are all reinforced also by exposure to dialogue and monologue. This illustrates this novel put forward that people live in society is needed each other to help each other in order to create prosperity help-help is necessary in living life because human life must be socialized and interdependent with each other Keywords: Value, ethics, novel

ANALISIS BENTUK DAN FUNGSI CERPEN KOTA EMAS KARYA ISHAK SAMUEL KIJNE

<p>This study will describe the form and function manifested in the Golden City Story of Isaac Samuel Kijne’s Work.</p><p>Form and function is the most important foundation in a literary work, which as a determinant of direction to the reader to understand the purpose of the literary work.</p><p>The formulation of the problem that became the focal point in this research is how the shape and function of the Golden City Story of Isaac Samuel Kijne, the purpose of this research is to explain the form and function of the literary works of the Golden City Stories by Ishak Samuel Kijne.</p><p>The results of the study, researchers found the form and function of the Golden City Stories by Ishak Samuel Kijne, namely; the form of dialogue and monologue, while the function that researchers encounter there are six functions; referential functions, emotive functions, conative functions, metalingual functions, fatigue functions, and poetic functions.</p>