Monitoring Of Physiological Parameters Research Articles

Innovative PLF Tool to Assess Growing-Finishing Pigs’ Welfare

The main goal of the AWARTECH project (Animal Welfare Adjusted Real Time Environmental Conditions of Housing) was to develop an innovative precision livestock tool that will support and reinforce the pig value chain, through the management of solutions based on monitoring, analysis and control of environmental, physiological, behaviour and animal performances parameters. Environmental data was collected by sensors of temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and gas concentration, which are integrated in an environmental control system (Webisense) and in a platform (Nidus). Webisense controlled the ventilation system, the cooling system and the heating system. The rectal and body surface temperatures were registered manual and automatically. In order to monitor the behaviour of the animals, video cameras were installed. An individual feeding machine equipped with a scale has been also installed. This equipment allow, through an RFID system, the individual monitoring and control of the amount of food supplied and ingested; the number and duration of visits; and the animal’s weight. The development of the AWARTECH platform resulted from the integration of data provided by Webisense, Nidus, feeding machine and video analytics as well as physiological data. This platform allows the control the environmental conditions based on welfare indicators promoting animal welfare.

Design of pulse and respiration monitoring system based on fiber optic sensing and VMD-FPR processing algorithm

We propose a pulse and respiration monitoring system based on fiber optic sensing, to achieve accurate monitoring of human pulse and respiration rate with wearable and high comfort. We designed a flexible packaging structure -- to embed the fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) fiber optic sensor into a nylon bandage, which constitutes a wearable real-time monitoring system that can acquire pulse and respiration rates simultaneously. The system uses the Variational Mode Decomposition - Feature Point Recognition (VMD-FPR) signal processing algorithm to demodulate and analyze the FBG echo signal to invert the pulse and respiration rate. The experiments were conducted on human heart rate and respiration rate in different states. The experimental results showed that the error range of respiration rate was within ±0.2 bpm, and the accuracy of the respiration experiment feature point recognition algorithm was 93.29 %. The error range of heart rate was within ±2 bpm, and the accuracy of the pulse experiment main wave feature point recognition algorithm was 99.28 %. Thus, the system can accurately collect and analyze the feature points in the respiratory and pulse wave signals. The information obtained from the experiments is used to build an information base, which provides data support for establishing the analysis model of pulse characteristics and respiratory characteristics of the detectors, and to achieve the function of real-time monitoring of human physiological parameters.

Personalized Metabolic Avatar: A Data Driven Model of Metabolism for Weight Variation Forecasting and Diet Plan Evaluation.

Development of predictive computational models of metabolism through mechanistic models is complex and resource demanding, and their personalization remains challenging. Data-driven models of human metabolism would constitute a reliable, fast, and continuously updating model for predictive analytics. Wearable devices, such as smart bands and impedance balances, allow the real time and remote monitoring of physiological parameters, providing for a flux of data carrying information on user metabolism. Here, we developed a data-driven model of end-user metabolism, the Personalized Metabolic Avatar (PMA), to estimate its personalized reactions to diets. PMA consists of a gated recurrent unit (GRU) deep learning model trained to forecast personalized weight variations according to macronutrient composition and daily energy balance. The model can perform simulations and evaluation of diet plans, allowing the definition of tailored goals for achieving ideal weight. This approach can provide the correct clues to empower citizens with scientific knowledge, augmenting their self-awareness with the aim to achieve long-lasting results in pursuing a healthy lifestyle.

Remote multimodality monitoring of maternal physiology from the first trimester to postpartum period: study results.

Objectives:Current antenatal care largely relies on widely spaced appointments, hence only a fraction of the pregnancy period is subject to monitoring. Continuous monitoring of physiological parameters could represent a paradigm shift in obstetric care. Here, we analyse the data from daily home monitoring in pregnancy and consider the implications of this approach for tracking pregnancy health.Methods:Prospective feasibility study of continuous home monitoring of blood pressure, weight, heart rate, sleep and activity patterns from the first trimester to 6 weeks postpartum.Results:Fourteen out of 24 women completed the study (58%). Compared to early pregnancy [week 13, median heart rate (HR) 72/min, interquartile range (IQR) 12.8], heart rate increased by week 35 (HR 78/min, IQR 16.6; P = 0.041) and fell postpartum (HR 66/min, IQR 11.5, P = 0.021). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower at mid-gestation (week 20: SBP 103 mmHg, IQR 6.6; DPB 63 mmHg, IQR 5.3 P = 0.005 and P = 0.045, respectively) compared to early pregnancy (week 13, SBP 107 mmHg, IQR 12.4; DPB 67 mmHg, IQR 7.1). Weight increased during pregnancy between each time period analyzed, starting from week 15. Smartwatch recordings indicated that activity increased in the prepartum period, while deep sleep declined as pregnancy progressed.Conclusion:Home monitoring tracks individual physiological responses to pregnancy in high resolution that routine clinic visits cannot. Changes in the study protocol suggested by the study participants may improve compliance for future studies, which was particularly low in the postpartum period. Future work will investigate whether distinct adaptative patterns predate obstetric complications, or can predict long-term maternal cardiovascular health.

Wearable Hybrid Device Capable of Interactive Perception with Pressure Sensing and Visualization

AbstractA wearable interactive device that can synchronously detect and visualize pressure, stimuli will supplement easily identifiable in situ signals with conventional sensing that outputs only electronic signals. Currently, most interactive devices are composed of physically connected separate pressure sensors and display elements, which do not conform to the development of miniaturization and high integration. The realization of combining these two functions in one device with a simplified configuration is still only beginning to be explored. Inspired by the two‐in‐one response of the octopus, which can both sense and visualize stimuli, an integrated hybrid device based on ionic sensing and electrochromic display is proposed for interactive pressure perception. By efficiently reusing the electrodes and ionic gel, the device enables quantitative sensing and direct color changing in response to pressure. Benefiting from its excellent comprehensive performance, the applications are explored and verified, including the interactive perception of pressure information, hiding and display of visual information under pressure regulation, and repeated writing and erasing on flexible boards. Notably, multiple customized systems with improved design flexibility are implemented to provide remote monitoring and visual warning of behavioral states and physiological parameters. This study diversifies solutions to realize a direct link between pressure detection and visualization.

IOT Based Medical Assistant Robot for Patient Monitoring

This paper discusses about IOT-based medical assistant robot for patient monitoring. Which help to create a virtual doctor robot that enables a physician to roam about a faraway place at will virtually and even communicate with individuals there as desired. In addition to exploring some earlier similar research that aided in the development of pertinent systems, the paper will describe the study's historical context. The technology uses an IOT-based physiological parameter monitoring system and a robotic vehicle with four-wheel drive for convenient navigation. Additionally, the robot has a controller box for circuits and a mounting for a camera screen.

Wearable Biosensor Standardization: How to Make Them Smarter

The availability of low-cost plug-and-play devices may contribute to the diffusion of methods and technologies for the personalized monitoring of physiological parameters by wearable devices. This paper is focused on biosensors, which represent an interesting enabling technology for the real-time continuous acquisition of biological or chemical analytes of physio-pathological interest, e.g., metabolites, protein biomarkers, and electrolytes in biofluids. Currently available commercial biosensors are usually referred to as customized and proprietary solutions. However, the efficient and robust development of e-health applications based on wearable biosensors can be eased from device interoperability. In this way, even if the different modules belong to different manufacturers, they can be added, upgraded, changed or removed without affecting the whole data acquisition system. A great effort in this direction has already been made by the ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451 standard that introduces the concept of smart sensors by defining the main and essential characteristics that these devices should have. Following the guidelines provided by this standard, here we propose a set of characteristics that should be considered in the development of a smart biosensor and how they could be integrated into the existing standard.

A Survey on Medical Remote Monitoring of Multiple Physiological Parameters Based on Wireless Embedded Internet

Abstract: In rural areas the medical assessment methods have not improved enough to meet the needs and physiological parameter monitoring is been done by local monitoring system and also it has become an urgent need for the people especially for elder people and this technology enables users to concern about their personalized ,networked real time health monitor.The main resolution of this paper is that to design a global architecture with specification for medical policies which are applicable to design and implementation of an alert based medical system.so in the proposed system we are going to combine an ARM based embedded technology and a mobile technology i.e. embedded computer system and human computer interaction interface module and helps to transmit the local detection data to servers at the hospital through an internet network. Our proposed system collects the data with the help of particular sensor and display the multiple physiological parameters like body temperature , blood pressure ,blood oxygen pulse rates and also ECG signals for particular individuals in real time and Whenever the person encountered with dangerous or emergency situations we are going to get the led alarm signals. wireless technology expansion has been accelerated due to its suitability and cost effectiveness, compared with wired technology.the experimental results shows that the system has good data collection effect so that the effect of medical index collection on family health population service can beachieved]. Hence the system is easy to develop, stable in data sharing therefore its an ideal model for hospitals and public health centers.

A Review Study on Monitoring of Physiological Parameters for Ocular Diagnostics and Administering Drugs for Ocular Diseases through a Contact Lens (A Wearable Device)

To describe the various types of diagnostic utilization (physiological parameters) of contact lens-based sensors and administering drugs for ocular diseases. The early diagnosis of ocular diseases is greatly helped by contact lens sensors. Since the lacrimal fluids include biomarkers, contact lens sensors can be used to do non-invasive direct measurements of a variety of parameters, including corneal temperature, pH, intraocular pressure (IOP), proteins, nitrite, and chloride ions. Wearers can conduct self-examinations at home using smartphones owing to microfluidic contact lens sensors that are based on colorimetric detection and liquid control mechanisms. A Narrative review was done to review the articles available on PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Publon, Orcid, Healthstar, and others related to contact lens sensors and drug-administering for ocular diseases. Peer-reviewed articles/ studies were referred to ascertain the available screening tests, contact lens sensors, physiological parameters, and diagnosis of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and others. This review study provides an overview of the contact lenses for ocular diagnostics and delivering drugs for ocular diseases. Thus, soft contact lenses can be used to diagnose specific disorders as well as deliver medications, which have advantages over traditional eye drops in terms of prolonged residence duration and ocular bioavailability.

Intracranial Pulsating Balloon-Based Cardiac-Gated ICP Modulation Impact on Brain Oxygenation: A Proof-of-Concept Study in a Swine Model.

Brain oxygenation improvement is a sought-after goal in neurocritical care patients. Previously, we have shown that cerebral blood flow improvement by cardiac-gated intracranial pressure (ICP) modulation using an intracranial pulsating balloon is feasible in a swine model. We sought to explore specific ICP modulation protocols to assess the feasibility of influencing brain oxygenation. A previously presentedelectrocardiogram (ECG)-gated intracranial balloon pump in which volume, timing, and duty cycle of balloon inflation could be altered was used. Different protocols were tested in a swine model of normal and elevated ICP attained by intracranial fluid infusion with continuous monitoring of physiological parameters, andbrain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2)was measured at baseline and after device activation. We studied five swine, subjected to two main protocols differing in their phase relative to the cardiac cycle. In reduced brain perfusion status (ICP > 20mm Hg, PbtO2 < 15mm Hg), the late-diastolic-early-systolic (Inflation/deflation) protocol showed consistent elevation in PbtO2 (+ 9%, p < 0.01), coupled with ICP reduction (- 12%, p < 0.01), whereas the early-systolic-late-diastolic (inflation/deflation) protocol resulted in PbtO2 reduction (- 4%, p < 0.01), coupled with ICP increase (+ 5% above baseline, p < 0.01). No significant changes in brain oxygenation or ICP were observed at normal perfusion status (ICP < 20mm Hg, PbtO2 > 15mm Hg). Intracranial cardiac-gated balloon pump activation can influence cerebral oxygenation and raise PbtO2 above threshold values. This study supports the concept of late-diastolic pressure rise, coupled with early-systolic pressure drop, as a potential effector of flow augmentation leading to improve brain tissue oxygenation. Further studies are warranted to assess the translational potential of using an intracranial cardiac-gated balloon pump device to improve brain tissue oxygenation.

Empowering People with a User-Friendly Wearable Platform for Unobtrusive Monitoring of Vital Physiological Parameters.

Elderly people feel vulnerable especially after they are dismissed from health care facilities and return home. The purpose of this work was to alleviate this sense of vulnerability and empower these people by giving them the opportunity to unobtrusively record their vital physiological parameters. Bearing in mind all the parameters involved, we developed a user-friendly wrist-wearable device combined with a web-based application, to adequately address this need. The proposed compilation obtains the photoplethysmogram (PPG) from the subject’s wrist and simultaneously extracts, in real time, the physiological parameters of heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate (RR), based on algorithms embedded on the wearable device. The described process is conducted solely within the device, favoring the optimal use of the available resources. The aggregated data are transmitted via Wi-Fi to a cloud environment and stored in a database. A corresponding web-based application serves as a visualization and analytics tool, allowing the individuals to catch a glimpse of their physiological parameters on a screen and share their digital information with health professionals who can perform further processing and obtain valuable health information.

Dual Sensing Acousto-electric Sensor.

Simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological parameters are highly desirable for disease diagnosis and management. However, simultaneous interrogations of parameters from miniaturized sensors can be difficult; to overcome this difficulties, we present the dual sensing acousto-electric sensor capable of simultaneously measuring pressure and pH. The dual sensing is achieved by two electrically decoupled LC tanks emitting RF signal at their respective resonant frequencies under ultrasonic excitation. We designed, fabricated, and tested the dual sensing acousto-electric sensor.

Auricular vagus nerve stimulator for closed-loop biofeedback-based operation

Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) is a novel neuromodulatory therapy used for treatment of various chronic systemic disorders. Currently, aVNS is non-individualized, disregarding the physiological state of the patient and therefore making it difficult to reach optimum therapeutic outcomes. A closed-loop aVNS system is required to avoid over-stimulation and under-stimulation of patients, leading to personalized and thus improved therapy. This can be achieved by continuous monitoring of individual physiological parameters that serve as a basis for the selection of optimal aVNS settings. In this work we developed a novel aVNS hardware for closed-loop application, which utilizes cardiorespiratory sensing using embedded sensors (and/or external sensors), processes and analyzes the acquired data in real-time, and directly governs settings of aVNS. We show in-lab that aVNS stimulation can be arbitrarily synchronized with respiratory and cardiac phases (as derived from respiration belt, electrocardiography and/or photo plethysmography) while mimicking baroreceptor-related afferent input along the vagus nerve projecting into the brain. Our designed system identified > 90% of all respiratory and cardiac cycles and activated stimulation at the target point with a precision of ± 100 ms despite the intrinsic respiratory and heart rate variability reducing the predictability. The developed system offers a solid basis for future clinical research into closed-loop aVNS in favour of personalized therapy.

Biodegradable Molybdenum (Mo) and Tungsten (W) Devices: One Step Closer towards Fully-Transient Biomedical Implants

Close monitoring of vital physiological parameters is often key in following the evolution of certain medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, infections, post-operative status or post-traumatic injury). The allocation of trained medical staff and specialized equipment is, therefore, necessary and often translates into a clinical and economic burden on modern healthcare systems. As a growing field, transient electronics may establish fully bioresorbable medical devices capable of remote real-time monitoring of therapeutically relevant parameters. These devices could alert remote medical personnel in case of any anomaly and fully disintegrate in the body without a trace. Unfortunately, the need for a multitude of biodegradable electronic components (power supplies, wires, circuitry) in addition to the electrochemical biosensing interface has halted the arrival of fully bioresorbable electronically active medical devices. In recent years molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) have drawn increasing attention as promising candidates for the fabrication of both energy-powered active (e.g., transistors and integrated circuits) and passive (e.g., resistors and capacitors) biodegradable electronic components. In this review, we discuss the latest Mo and W-based dissolvable devices for potential biomedical applications and how these soluble metals could pave the way towards next-generation fully transient implantable electronic systems.

RP3MES: A Key to Minimize Infection Spreading.

Healthcare facilities, especially in highly populated countries like India where patient to doctor ratio is very high, are under a huge burden. Thus, Remote Patient Physiological Parameter Monitoring using Embedded System (RP3MES) becomes essential to monitor a large number of people admitted in hospitals and also patients afflicted with infectious diseases. The design for RP3MES addresses the key issues of portability, cost-effectiveness, low power consumption, user-friendliness, high accuracy and remote communication to facilitate vital parameter(s), like heart rate and body temperature, measurements and emergency notification, keeping in mind, the health of the caregiver(s). ARM Cortex M3 embedded processor and low-cost sensors are used to achieve the cost-effectiveness and low power consumption. Alarming unit intimidates a remote caregiver regarding their patient’s health condition. The accuracy of the system measured data is 99.4% compared with the gold standard, which has been verified using Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis. A comparison of our system with other commercially available ones is also presented here. The proposed system has wireless connectivity which minimizes infection transmission among family members and caregivers of the patients. It may also reduce the burden on healthcare staffs in hospitals.

The Potential of Current Noninvasive Wearable Technology for the Monitoring of Physiological Signals in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: Literature Survey.

BackgroundMonitoring glucose and other parameters in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can enhance acute glycemic management and the diagnosis of long-term complications of the disease. For most persons living with T1D, the determination of insulin delivery is based on a single measured parameter—glucose. To date, wearable sensors exist that enable the seamless, noninvasive, and low-cost monitoring of multiple physiological parameters.ObjectiveThe objective of this literature survey is to explore whether some of the physiological parameters that can be monitored with noninvasive, wearable sensors may be used to enhance T1D management.MethodsA list of physiological parameters, which can be monitored by using wearable sensors available in 2020, was compiled by a thorough review of the devices available in the market. A literature survey was performed using search terms related to T1D combined with the identified physiological parameters. The selected publications were restricted to human studies, which had at least their abstracts available. The PubMed and Scopus databases were interrogated. In total, 77 articles were retained and analyzed based on the following two axes: the reported relations between these parameters and T1D, which were found by comparing persons with T1D and healthy control participants, and the potential areas for T1D enhancement via the further analysis of the found relationships in studies working within T1D cohorts.ResultsOn the basis of our search methodology, 626 articles were returned, and after applying our exclusion criteria, 77 (12.3%) articles were retained. Physiological parameters with potential for monitoring by using noninvasive wearable devices in persons with T1D included those related to cardiac autonomic function, cardiorespiratory control balance and fitness, sudomotor function, and skin temperature. Cardiac autonomic function measures, particularly the indices of heart rate and heart rate variability, have been shown to be valuable in diagnosing and monitoring cardiac autonomic neuropathy and, potentially, predicting and detecting hypoglycemia. All identified physiological parameters were shown to be associated with some aspects of diabetes complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, as well as macrovascular disease, with capacity for early risk prediction. However, although they can be monitored by available wearable sensors, most studies have yet to adopt them, as opposed to using more conventional devices.ConclusionsWearable sensors have the potential to augment T1D sensing with additional, informative biomarkers, which can be monitored noninvasively, seamlessly, and continuously. However, significant challenges associated with measurement accuracy, removal of noise and motion artifacts, and smart decision-making exist. Consequently, research should focus on harvesting the information hidden in the complex data generated by wearable sensors and on developing models and smart decision strategies to optimize the incorporation of these novel inputs into T1D interventions.

Ultrasonic implantable wireless system for deep-tissue oxygenation monitoring

Continuous real-time monitoring of physiological parameters can yield insights into the underlying aspects of many diseases and guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in surgeries and for critical care patients. Tissue oxygenation is one of the key physiological parameters and a critical determinant of organ function. Existing systems for monitoring deep-tissue oxygenation are limited by a few factors, including the need for wired connections, the inability to provide real-time data or operation restricted to surface tissues. We demonstrate the first minimally invasive ultrasonic wireless system to monitor deep-tissue O2 that avoids all these drawbacks. The system is composed of a millimeter-sized O2 sensor implant that communicates bi-directionally and digitally with an external transceiver outside the body, enabling deep-tissue O2 monitoring for surgical or critical care indications. The implant is based on integrated circuit and microsystems technologies that enable extreme miniaturization with advanced performance. Furthermore, the system includes a novel wireless power/data transmission strategy that enables the operation of the implant at centimeter-scale depths (up to 10 cm) in tissue. Overall, this technology represents a new class of monitoring and diagnostic system particularly suitable for organ monitoring, as well as other surgical or critical care situations.

Non-Contact Abnormal Physiological Status Detection During Sport and Training

In sport and training, it is necessary to continue monitoring the physiological parameters of athletes to ensure that they can maintain a high level of competition. The previous monitoring physiological status methods mainly are contactable by sensors that are worn on the body. This paper adopts a non-contact physiological parameter monitoring method by using imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG). In order to eliminate the noises in iPPG signals, the correlation energy entropy threshold adaptive denoising and variance characterization series are introduced to resist the noises from external conditions. The noises are removed by a threshold which is estimated by noise energy entropy. The constructed signals after denoising are used to estimate physiological parameters, such as heart rate and respiratory rate. The experimental results demonstrate that it estimates the physiological parameters better by using iPPG-based physiological parameter monitoring method than previous methods.

The Effect of Nursing Intervention Model Using Mobile Nursing System on Pregnancy Outcome of Pregnant Women.

Due to the recent advancement in technology specifically mobile phones, these devices can be used in the hospital to monitor or speed up various activities, which are related to doctors and nurses. In literature, various mechanisms have been presented to resolve this issue, but none of these approaches have considered effectiveness of this technology in the development of a proper mobile nursing system, which is specifically designed for pregnant women. Therefore, in this paper, we have explored the effect of the intervention model based on the mobile nursing system on the pregnancy outcome of pregnant women. In this study, an Android-based mobile nursing monitoring system was adopted to monitor and transmit the human physiological data through physiological parameter monitoring equipment and continuously monitor the physiological parameter data of pregnant women. If the physiological health data of the pregnant woman was abnormal, it had to implement timely nursing intervention. In this study, 266 pregnant women in the electronic records (E-records) were selected as the research objects and divided into two groups according to the intervention method. Pregnant women in group A received routine physical examination during pregnancy, while those in group B received nursing intervention based on mobile nursing system. The results showed that the incidence of each indicator of pregnancy outcome in group B was significantly lower than that in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The nursing intervention model based on the mobile nursing system can effectively improve the pregnancy outcome. The mobile nursing system can help nursing staff find the abnormalities of pregnant women during pregnancy and give effective nursing measures in time, which helped improve the pregnancy outcomes, reduce the probability of adverse pregnancy outcomes, ensure the safety of puerperae and newborns, and lessen the delivery risk factors.

Remote Monitoring of Chronic Critically Ill Patients after Hospital Discharge: A Systematic Review.

Background: Over the past few decades, critical care has seen many advancements. These advancements resulted in a considerable increase in the prevalence of chronically critically ill patients requiring prolonged medical care, which led to a massive increase in healthcare utilization. Methods: We performed a search for suitable articles using PubMed and Google Scholar from the inception of these databases to 15 May 2021. Results: Thirty-four articles were included in the review and analyzed. We described the following characteristics and problems with chronic critically ill patient management: the patient population, remote monitoring, the monitoring of physiological parameters in chronic critically ill patients, the anatomical location of sensors, the barriers to implementation, and the main technology-related issues. The main challenges in the management of these patients are (1) the shortage of caretakers, (2) the periodicity of vital function monitoring (e.g., episodic measuring of blood pressure leads to missing important critical events such as hypertension, hypotension, and hypoxia), and (3) failure to catch and manage critical physiological events at the right time, which can result in poor outcomes. Conclusions: The prevalence of critically ill patients is expected to grow. Technical solutions can greatly assist medical personnel and caregivers. Wearable devices can be used to monitor blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, metabolism, and central nervous system function. The most important points that should be addressed in future studies are the performance of the remote monitoring systems, safety, clinical and economic outcomes, as well as the acceptance of the devices by patients, caretakers, and healthcare professionals.