Monetary Resources Research Articles

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ ТА ЇХНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НА РИНКАХ КАПІТАЛУ

Further development and intensification of investment processes in the capital markets are important factors for the reset and intensive economic growth of Ukraine. Any reform measures implemented in Ukraine require substantial investment resources. The basic definition from which the study of the investment process begins is the concept of investment. Despite the significance of scientific achievements in this area, there is a certain level of fragmentation in approaches to the essence of investment in capital markets, divergence of views on the further development of these markets. The purpose of the article is to deepen the conceptual foundations of investments in capital markets as a key tool for their further development in today's conditions.Investments are defined as the investment (placement) of monetary resources, property and intellectual values in various types of economic activities or financial instruments with a certain level of risk, the ultimate goal of which is to generate profit (income) or preserve the real value of financial assets, which may ultimately lead to economic, social or environmental effects. The financial market consists of credit, money and equity markets. At the same time, the securities market is only a part of them. Together with the derivatives market and the money market, they constitute capital markets. This made it possible to define investments in capital markets as a process of investing (placing) money in financial instruments with a certain level of risk, the ultimate goal of which is to generate income (profit) and / or increase the real valueof financial assets, formed under the influence of such parameters as reliability, liquidity and term of such investment (placement).The importance of the proposed study is due to the need to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of investments in general and their specifics in the capital markets in particular, their use as a potential factor in strengthening the competitive position of the Ukrainian financial sector in the international economic space

Educational Inequality and Reservation Policy in Developing Markets

Educational inequality undermines the pivotal role of education in increasing the ability of the poor to move up the income ladder. This paper investigates educational inequality that arises from low-income students' lack of monetary resources that higher-income students invest in college-admissions-test preparations. We show educational inequality increases in the size of higher-income students and in the selectivity of college admissions. The intuition is that a larger size of higher-income students makes the college admission more selective and thus the college education more rewarding. All students study harder. However, because higher-income students' efforts are more effective, due to their monetary investments in test preparation, they respond more aggressively. Therefore, the probability of admission of a higher-income student becomes even higher than that of a low-income student. In the context of developing markets, we study implications of a reservation policy that aims to reduce inequality by transferring seats to students of certain identifiable characteristics that are imperfectly informative of students' lack of monetary resources. We show such a transfer, if small, can enhance student welfare. However, a large transfer may reduce student welfare.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING TOOLS ON DIFFERENT STAGES OF FINANCIAL PLANNING

The article actualizes the expediency of accounting support of the financial planning process in order to minimize costs. Accounting procedures are identified at each stage of financial planning. It was systemized the accounting registers, which are used to group information about the assets and liabilities of the enterprise during the reporting period. Such information is used in analytical work, planning, budgeting and business process management. In each group of registers was identified information that can be used in financial planning. The forecast indicators of the plan of incomes and expenses from operational, financial and investment activity of the enterprise were systematized. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of forming a plan of cash receipts and expenditures in order to monitor the provision of solvency at all stages of the planning period. It was carried out the classification of forecast indicators of the plan of receipts and expenditures of cash in the context of indicators of operating, investment and financial activities. Moreover it was performed the analysis of the structure of the balance of monetary resources as the final document of the current financial plan.

Effects of stakeholder empowerment on crane population and agricultural production

Conflicts between opposing objectives of wildlife conservation and agriculture are increasing globally due to rising human food production and competition with wildlife over land use. Conservation conflicts are often complex and driven by variability and uncertainty in wildlife distribution and stakeholder wealth and power. To manage conflicts, empowering local stakeholders by decentralizing decisions and actions has been suggested to promote democratization and awareness of stakeholders. There is, however, a current gap in the understanding of how stakeholder empowerment (e.g., farmers’ and managers’ practical, time or monetary resources) affects policy effectiveness. In this study, we apply an individual-based model of management strategy evaluation to simulate the conservation conflict surrounding protected and thriving common cranes (Grus grus) causing damage to agricultural production in Sweden and along the European flyways. We model the effect of farmer empowerment (i.e., increasing budgets to affect populations and agricultural production) in four management scenarios, in which we manipulate the availability and cost of two actions farmers may take in response to crane presence on their land: non-lethal (scaring) or lethal (culling) control. We find that lower budgets lead to increases in population size due to increased use of less costly scaring instead of shooting. Higher farmer budgets lead to increased population extinction risk. Intermediate budgets allow farmers to control the population size around the management target and limit impact on agricultural production to intermediate levels. Our study highlights that stakeholder empowerment and culling strategies based on the number of stakeholders, and particularly their power to implement effective actions, needs careful consideration and monitoring when setting management targets and strategies. Further, our results show that empowering individual farmers has the potential to contribute to conflict management and to balance agricultural with conservation objectives, but increased stakeholder involvement also requires careful planning and monitoring.

Exploring the relationship between tourism and poverty using the capability approach

Tourism has been regarded as a tool for development and poverty alleviation over many decades. Yet tourism research on poverty to date largely focuses on the income-based poverty analysis and does not fully consider the multidimensional nature of poverty or the views of poor people. Applying the capability approach, this paper examines the opportunities provided by tourism development and their contribution to achieving well-being from the perspectives of people living in poverty. The study was undertaken in a small coastal tourist destination in the Northeast of Brazil using a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative value chain analysis and qualitative interviews with photo-elicitation. The findings show that participants value opportunities associated with both monetary and non-monetary tourism resources and these opportunities help them achieve diverse aspects of well-being. This study demonstrates how the capability approach can help investigate the impacts of tourism development on poverty reduction and well-being of poor people in a more holistic and nuanced way by considering the plural and relative nature of poverty and well-being.

Кризис высшей школы или стагнация? От гуманитарных метафор и публицистики к веберианской политической социологии

This is a response to the article by P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov, “The Carnival Time: Russian Higher School and Science in the Postmodern Era”. Treatment of the negative phenomena of modern higher education in Russia using such humanitarian metaphors as “carnival”, “postmodern”, “the society of spectacle” is not productive, as well as journalistic invectives such as “spiritual prostitution”. The Weberian paradigm of political sociology as more adequate approach includes four areas of analysis: 1) politics, administration; relations of power within the university and around it, 2) economy, monetary and other resource relations in higher education, 3) culture, symbolic sphere, status, prestige, reputation as social relations. 4) solidarity and conflict; violence and violence control. The usual qualification of what is happening in Russian higher education as a “crisis” is also doubtful. A real crisis is a condition that has ceased to be acceptable while the usual ways and means of correcting the situation are useless. With this understanding no “crisis” is observed in modern higher education in Russia. The dissatisfaction of certain groups does not at all lead to an unacceptable state, to the subsequent intensive search for reasons and adequate ways to rectify the situation. Indeed, higher education in Russia is gradually leaning toward greater bureaucracy, simulation, virtualization-distance, and segregation. This state is not referred to as a “crisis”, but as a relatively stable equilibrium, getting into the attractor with vicious “stability” i.e. stagnation with slow but steady degradation. An exit from this state is extremely difficult, fraught with great alarms and threats. In order to switch to the “successful dynamism” attractor the discontent of involved social should lead to productive discussions with the indispensable participation of management practitioners, administrations of different levels, potential employers, resources holders. These groups on the basis of solidarity and trust then should realize pilot reforms with monitoring, promotion and incentives for the dissemination of successful experiences.

APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN SIMULATION OF CLUSTER-NETWORK RELATIONS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Despite the fact that the cluster approach is quite common in scientific works, the issues of the formation, development and evaluation of the effectiveness of cluster-network interactions remain unresolved. The research of the scientific community is based mainly on qualitative methods of cluster analysis (expert analysis, retrospective analysis, comparison method, etc.), however, the need to transform regional development and the transition to neo-economics require the use of economic and mathematical methods of analysis, and their arsenal is relatively small. which necessitates the search for new solutions. An attempt is made in the work to simulate the cluster-network mechanism in the oil and gas industry using neural networks, since the oil sector is one of the key sectors of the Russian economy, which influences the determining rates and paths of the country's socio-economic development, and is subject to the greatest regulation by the government of the country than most other sectors. The most important specific feature of the oil sector is that it is not only able to generate huge monetary resources, but also to accumulate them to solve a large number of socio-economic problems. Based on the results of the trained neural network, using the example of the indicators of the Perm Territory, predicted values of the gross regional product were made and, as a possible core of the oil industry cluster, the profit forecast of the company of the LUKOIL group.

POPULATION SUPPORT FOR MAKING AN URBAN AREA AND ITS TRANSPORT SYSTEM RESILIENT AGAINST FLOODING

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the population's support for a project to make resilient an urban area and local transportation system that are subject to flooding. To develop the study, a conceptual project was created that represented a solution to avoid flooding in the aforementioned area. This conceptual project was presented to a group of interviewees for their appraisal. A multiple choice questionnaire was utilized to capture the interviewees' perceptions about the proposal, as well as their opinions about the possibility of financially supporting the project. For this specific case study, the results indicate that the citizens would financially support the project. Yet, this support would be primarily in the form of volunteer work that would need to be converted into monetary resources. Beyond this, the interviewees were able to express their opinions and concerns about the proposal which was presented in the form of a conceptual project.

General practitioners’ opinion on early and pre‐dementia diagnosis of AD: A MOPEAD project survey in five European countries

AbstractBackgroundOver the last decade, research efforts have facilitated early detection of dementia and underlying diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). There is growing evidence for the benefits of early diagnosis, including access to education, available treatment and support. On the other hand, the lack of a cure and the fear to stigmatize the patient are among the arguments that speak against early disclosure of a diagnosis. General Practitioners (GPs) are often the first contact person when cognitive changes arrive, and they play a key role in early identification of the disease. Based on the experiences working with GPs as part of the multinational “Models of Patient Engagement for Alzheimer's Disease” (MOPEAD) project, an EU‐funded public‐private study within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI‐2) research agenda, we aimed to assess the current attitude of GPs towards early and pre‐dementia diagnosis for AD at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or very mild dementia.MethodWe designed a survey to measure the current attitude of GPs towards early and pre‐dementia diagnosis of AD at the MOPEAD sites in five European countries (Germany, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands). The questionnaire covered several topics, including attitude towards early diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, resources and opinion on present and future treatment options. Chi‐square tests were carried out to analyze differences among countries.Result343 GPs completed the survey. In total, 74% of GPs indicated that they considered an early diagnosis of value. However, only 44% of GPs felt confident in handling the diagnostic procedures for very early dementia and MCI. Currently available pharmacological treatments were mostly regarded as having low benefit, while 68% considered non‐pharmacological treatment options as “beneficial and not sufficiently available”. There were country‐specific differences in the GPs’ perception of monetary resources (X 2(4)=117.26, p < .001) and time (X 2(4)=14.84, p > .01) available for the patient.ConclusionOur findings provide an up‐to‐date overview on GPs’ opinion towards early and pre‐dementia diagnosis in five European countries. We show that the majority of GPs considers an early diagnosis beneficial, yet they are faced with country‐specific challenges that can contribute to delayed or missed diagnosis.

PIN127 Immunization Funding Landscape in European Union 28 Countries

Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions, saving millions of people from illness, disability and death each year. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a need to strengthen crisis management and health systems. Disease prevention and improving vaccination coverage in Europe are key elements contributing to resilient health systems and ensuring better health outcomes for all. For resiliency of health systems to be enhanced, sufficient monetary resources and stability of funding must be secured.

Collective Action and Invasive Species Governance in Southern Arizona

Invasive plants can have significant negative effects on human and ecological communities, including reduced productivity and biodiversity and increased fire risk. Effective mitigation of invasive species likely requires action by heterogeneous actors who span jurisdictions, sectors, and levels of governance. While there has been significant research to develop targeted mitigation techniques that slow or halt the spread of specific invasive plants, there has been relatively little complementary work to develop knowledge about the implementation of these management techniques through effective governance systems. To address this gap, we interviewed and conducted archival research on land managers involved in the mitigation of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare, syn: Cenchrus ciliarus) invasion in southern Arizona to investigate how existing and emerging governance arrangements encourage or undermine individual and collective action to manage invasive plants. Our results show that a key challenge of managing invasive species is identifying the mechanisms that will allow heterogeneous actors to overcome internal barriers to coordination with others and enable collective action. These internal barriers are multifaceted, involving laws and policies, cultural traditions and mandates, the availability of monetary and human resources, and information on causes and consequences of species invasion and effective approaches to mitigation. Approaches to solving these problems must include improved knowledge of internal institutional structures and the opportunities and barriers they present to collective action, the preferences of heterogeneous actors when presented with information about future ecosystem conditions absent coordination, the factors that prevent individuals within different organizations from following through on commitments to participate in collective action institutions, and how each of these conditions affects the availability and persistence of resources for mitigation. Together, improved knowledge of the relationships between these factors may provide new approaches to proactive management of emerging resource management challenges, from invasive species to emerging diseases.

The Use of the Foresight Methods in Developing an Algorithm for Conducting Qualitative Examination of the Research Activities Results on the Example of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In modern conditions, it is interesting to study foresight as an effective tool for identifying new strategic scientific directions. Its purpose is to develop an algorithm for conducting qualitative expertise in the application of the foresight methods with the ability to integrate forecast estimates. Currently, the vast majority of research activities results do not contribute to the innovative development of the state. To solve this problem, it is necessary to ensure a stable systemic relationship between specific sectors of the economy and higher education. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a systematic approach to the foresight methods and the use of the methods of bibliometrics, scientometrics, patent analysis and forecasting. The results and conclusions of this study are: an algorithm has been developed for conducting qualitative examination of the results of scientific activities in order to increase its practical significance, in which the authors propose the foresight methods as the most optimal tool for choosing priority areas of science and technology. Putting this approach into practice will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the foresight methods by both reducing time costs, and rationally using monetary and human resources.

Beneficio tributario de donaciones realizadas a universidades e institutos profesionales en Chile

La presente investigación evaluará la mayor o menor liquidez de recursos monetarios que la aplicación de la disposición contenida en el artículo 69 de la Ley 18.681 les genera a los contribuyentes del Impuesto a la Renta de Primera Categoría que realizan donaciones a universidades e institutos profesionales. Esta disposición legal, que es calificada como un “beneficio tributario”, otorga un crédito del 50% del monto donado y considera el otro 50% como gasto aceptado siempre que cumpla con los requisitos del número 7 del artículo 31 de la Ley sobre Impuestos a la Renta. El objetivo principal es determinar el efecto de dicho beneficio en el flujo y reflexionar sobre la efectividad de los recursos generados en la Operación Renta del Año Tributario 2018.
 Se realizó una investigación cualitativa que examinó los articulados pertinentes de la ley ya señalada a través de un proceso de microsimulación tributaria que analizó información pública de contribuyentes que realizaron donaciones y permitió ilustrar la carga tributaria que obtuvieron. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis numérico que arrojó el resultado de aplicar la mecánica de esta disposición tributaria a las operaciones estudiadas, para luego analizar las cifras generales que el Servicio de Impuestos Internos informó de las declaraciones de la Operación Renta del Año Tributario 2018. 
 Se obtuvo como resultado que MM$ 12.750 fue el flujo neto social, entendido como el total de recursos que se aplicaron a instituciones de educación superior como donaciones (apreciación cualitativa). También se determinó que la disposición en estudio no es un beneficio sino un “premio” que el legislador otorga a los contribuyentes que realizan donaciones por motivaciones altruistas.

Keeping it for yourself or your sister? Experimental evidence on birth order effects on resource distribution between kin and non-kin

Abstract Birth order supposedly influences individuals’ cooperative attitudes: firstborns are more family-oriented and favor their kin, while laterborns are more likely to turn to non-kin. However little direct experimental evidence exists concerning costly resource sharing between full siblings. The present study investigates sharing decisions with respect to a monetary resource by full sisters when either: (i) interacting with an unknown individual or (ii) their sister. A total of 112 sisters from 56 different families participated in an economic experiment regarding the distribution of an actual monetary reward. In line with kin selection theory, the results showed that participants favor their sister over strangers. Additionally, firstborns invested more costly resources in their sister (than laterborns) while they knew that the latter did not.

The Cost of Patient Education Materials Development: Opportunities to Identify Value and Priorities.

The study aim was to evaluate the costs associated with developing and reviewing patient education materials (pamphlets) across Ontario cancer centers. While patient education often produces a positive return on investment, limited efforts have been dedicated to optimizing the personnel, time, and capital dedicated to this feat across healthcare systems. Patient education leaders at 14 cancer centers completed a survey measure, estimating the number of hours spent developing and reviewing pamphlets and identifying the personnel involved in each procedural step. The time expended per center in each step was then combined with average salary data for the identified personnel to derive total cost estimates. Cancer centers spend on average $5672 (SD = $3180) developing (M = $4560, SD = $2620) and reviewing (M = $1112, SD = $654) one pamphlet. This cumulates to an average per annum spending of $65,401 (SD = $75,494) for pamphlet development and $19,819 (SD = $28,524) for annual pamphlet review at each cancer center. The cost and number of hours spent developing and reviewing pamphlets varied substantially between cancer centers. While the security of budgets for patient education varies across cancer centers, opportunities to optimize human capital and monetary resources should be considered. Results of the study can be used to advocate for sustainable investment into cancer education programs, improve the coordination of educational materials production and review, and ensure that resource quality and access are consistent across the province.

ITIL process management to mitigate operations risk in cloud architecture infrastructure for banking and financial services industry

Banking and Financial Services Corporations need to update information systems with logic and data of various applications on everyday basis to remain consistent with change in economy and business activity. This helps to work with latest information included in information system available in current economic and business scenario. This enables information systems and empowers work force to complete tasks in rapidly changing flow of monetary resources. With several employees in Banking and Financial Services Corporations using cloud infrastructure and reporting incidents arising in using cloud infrastructure, it is of prime importance to fix incidents reported within specific timelines. IT change management process is followed in order to adhere to IT governance & compliance framework and reduce risk of failure while performing changes in cloud infrastructure. With incident management and change management processes are aligned to keep cloud infrastructure available and secure, they become integral part of IT operations everyday activity. To make ITIL processes efficient, further organization specific policies are developed. With global standards and organization level controls in place, there are failures in IT incident and change management processes and implementation. In this paper, we have identified the risk arising due to incident management and change management processes that lead to emergency changes being implemented on cloud infrastructure architecture and discussed the steps to mitigate risks to bring greater responsibility and accountability for cloud services providers.

Роль солнечных воздухонагревателей в теплоэнергетической отрасли и перспективы их развития в Республике Узбекистан

В статье исследован мировой прогноз развития теплоэнергетической отрасли по выработке тепловой электрической энергии. Отмечено, что увеличение производства видов энергии связано, не только с ростом потребления органического топлива, но и с ухудшением экологической ситуации. Учитывая зарубежный опыт использования солнечных установок, производящих тепловую энергию и благоприятные климатические условия Республики Узбекистан, обсуждены перспективы использования солнечных воздухонагревателей для отопления существующих жилых зданий, обеспечивающих тепловой энергией жилые дома и сушильные установки, без дорогостоящих конструктивно – технологических решений, а также осуществляющие быстрый прогрев помещений. Такой коллектор несмотря на то, что воздух имеет более низкую теплоемкость, может обеспечить равномерное распределение тепла, хорошо регулируется как по температуре, так и по количеству подаваемого воздуха. Кроме того, коллекторы, работающие в условиях естественной конвекции, могут удачно сочетаться с традиционной системой отопления. Вместе с тем, в статье также показан положительный опыт по применению воздухонагревателей в технологии сушки. В частности, использован промышленный образец солнечного воздухонагревателя для сушки обмоток трансформаторов, использующихся в насосных станциях систем ирригации водного хозяйства республики. Аргументировано, что применение воздухонагревателей позволяет сэкономить не только значительные топливно–энергетические и денежные ресурсы, но и укрепить энергобезопасность Республики Узбекистан.

Improving the performance of public organizations: Financial resources and the conditioning effect of clientele context

AbstractThe link between expenditures and organizational performance is central to our understanding of public sector governance. Despite various empirical and theoretical accounts of how organizations buffer or exploit financial situations to stabilize outcomes, the literature remains split on how money influences organizational performance. This study sheds new light on this puzzle by developing an analysis of clientele contexts, and how such contexts intervene in the relationship between expenditure and performance. We analyse competing hypotheses for the heterogeneous effects of clientele contexts on funding and performance—one in which these contexts strengthen the relationship, and one in which they weaken the relationship. Through district‐level empirical analyses of public education data over a 17‐year period, we find that instructional spending changes influence student performance, and that the impact is conditioned by the socioeconomic mix of students. Organizations that serve low‐income communities see the greatest performance gains from increased monetary resources.

Video cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in cancer patients: A cost-effective alternative.

Despite its high prevalence, cancer-related insomnia typically remains untreated because of a lack of access to cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), the treatment of choice for this condition. While face-to-face CBT-I appears to be optimal in terms of efficacy, self-administered formats may be more cost-effective. The goal of this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial was to compare the cost-effectiveness of a professionally-based CBT-I (PCBT-I) to that of a video-based CBT-I (VCBT-I). A total of 161 women with breast cancer received six weekly, individual CBT-I sessions (PCBT-I; n = 81) or a 60-minutes animated video +6 short booklets (VCBT-I; n = 80). Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and provided information to calculate treatment costs. Total per patient treatment costs were 5.5 times greater for PCBT-I ($1298.90) than VCBT-I ($234.36; P < .0001). Both at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up, the ISI reduction was greater in PCBT-I than VCBT-I, but these differences were not significant (P = .09 and P = .24, respectively). In contrast, the cost-effectiveness ratio was significantly more advantageous for VCBT-I than PCBT-I. Compared to VCBT-I, each reduction of 1 unit on the ISI produced by PCBT-I was associated with a treatment cost that was significantly greater at posttreatment ($186.95 CAD vs $44.87 CAD; P = .001) and follow-up ($154.76 vs $24.97, P = .005). Although CBT-I is slightly less efficacious when self-administered, it constitutes a much more cost-effective alternative than face-to-face CBT-I and represents an extremely valuable option in settings where monetary and human resources required to administer CBT-I are not available or sufficient.

Problems and prospects of human potential development in rural areas of Ukraine

The subject of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of the formation, development and growth of human potential in rural areas of Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to identify the problems of forming the human potential of rural areas of the country and substantiate strategic guidelines and promising areas and means of solving them to ensure its growth and sustainable development. Methodological basis of the article is the use of modern theoretical provisions of the economy of the national economy, rural territories, the reproduction of human potential; General scientific and special methods of knowledge: demographic, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, graphic. Results of work. It is determined that the human potential of rural areas of Ukraine is formed by demographic factors, employment and employment, income level, quality and social and environmental conditions of life. However, it is the narrowed natural reproduction, high unemployment and low incomes of rural residents that cause its deterioration and degradation. It is found that these and other problems should be solved by implementing state programs to support rural fertility, developing alternative activities and increasing employment, social and environmental development of rural areas. The field of application of results. The conclusions and suggestions of the article can be used by local governments, rural communities, public organizations, charitable foundations in solving problems of human development in rural areas, educational and scientific institutions in educational and scientific activities. Conclusions. Financial sources for the implementation of proposals can be monetary and other resources of agricultural enterprises, rural residents, rural communities, targeted state programs, public organizations and charitable foundations. Public-private partnership, social responsibility, social innovation, information and digital technologies should be used as tools for achieving these goals. When determining priorities for implementing these measures in practice, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of each locality, the region where they are located, as well as the decisions of rural communities. This will contribute to the revival of rural areas, increase the prestige of rural life, preserve the rural way of life, expand the reproduction of human capital and personal growth of human potential.