Moment Resistance Research Articles

Bending resistance of austenitic stainless steel hollow sections at elevated temperatures

The present research aims to increase the knowledge of the structural behaviour of stainless steel members under fire. Eight experimental bending tests at elevated temperatures (500, 700 ºC) built with RHS 150×100×3 austenitic stainless-steel beams, using two different grades (1.4301, 1.4571) also known as 304 and 316Ti, are presented. Both grades 1.4301 (X5CrNi18–10) and 1.4571 (X6CrNiMo17–12–2) have almost the same core chemical composition but there are some differences, especially the grade 1.4571 has 2–2.5% molybdenum and a small amount of titanium (less than 0.7%). Grade 1.4301 presents good rust resistance, sufficient acid resistance and good weldability, while grade 1.4571 presents very good rust resistance, very good acid resistance and also good weldability. Both have almost the same strength, but grade 1.4571 has superior strength at elevated temperatures. Both material grades were experimentally characterised with coupon tensile tests at room temperature. The load-displacement behaviour is validated with 3D shell finite element models, assuming a true stress-strain material model, based on the two-stage Ramberg Osgood constitutive law. With the developed numerical model, a parametric analysis is presented to study the fire resistance of beams from both materials, using three different cross-sections and eleven different temperatures. The bending resistance obtained with the finite element model is in good agreement with the cross-sectional design moment resistance, when considering the effective area, confirming that the design rules from EN1993–1–2 are safe for less slender cross-sections and unsafe for the most slender cross-sections.

Design of a 3-storey frame building using engineered bamboo composite (EBC)

This paper reports the design of a 3-storey building using engineered bamboo composite (EBC). The building utilizes balloon type EBC frame and EBC hollow decks as the load-carrying system. Gravity load, wind load, and seismic load were considered in the design. In order to prevent the brittle fracture in EBC beams and columns, a T-shaped steel connector, which was used to join the beams and columns of the frames, was intentionally designed with lower moment resistance compared to the connected beams and columns. Hence the damage of the structure can be confined to the steel connector that enables good ductility for the structure. The performances of the structure under serviceability limit state and the ultimate limit state were evaluated based on the elastic analysis. Inelastic static analysis (pushover) was conducted to assess the structural performance beyond the elastic limit when the building subjected to the rare-encounter earthquake. It was demonstrated that the balloon type EBC frame can be designed with adequate stiffness and strength to meet the requirements of serviceability and load-carrying capacity. It also has good ductility when the lateral seismic load beyond its elastic limit. The design and construction of this building provided a testimony that EBC frame structure is suitable for low-rise building in seismic region, and it also has the advantages of quick erection on site and good economy.

Analysis and Design of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Chord and Brace Bridge Girder under Flexural Loading.

This study focuses on the flexural behavior of a composite construction consisting of three concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) chords connected by a circular steel braces. The CFST members exhibit advantages such as stiffness, strength, capacity, and ductility compared to conventional steel and reinforced concrete members. The study uses CATIA V5 software for modelling the truss specimens, and ANSYS software for finite element analysis. The main parameters examined include shear span ratio, angle between brace and chord, presence of infilled concrete, subsequent flexural behavior, and material interaction. The moment of resistance of the CFST truss with braces is calculated using the working stress method, and a design table for ultimate load carrying capacity of different circular sections is generated. The study aims to understand the effects of shear span ratio, angle of chord, brace, and presence of infill concrete on the CFST chord and brace girder.

Cyclic behavior of dual-steel beam-to-column welded flange-bolted web connections

Cyclic loading tests on dual-steel beam-to-column welded flange-bolted web connections were conducted to quantify their moment resistance, plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacities. The test program consisted of five one-sided connection specimens, where Q355 grade beams and Q690 grade columns were used, to study the effects of beam-to-column welded flange connection details and panel zone shear strength on the connection seismic performance. Two types of welded connection details were considered; one was the traditional complete-joint-penetration (CJP) welded connections by use of backing bars, and the other type was those with the bottom backing bar further reinforced by a fillet weld. Three column web thicknesses were designed to arrive at strong, intermediate and weak panel zones, respectively. It was found that the CJP weld with the backing bar reinforced only under the bottom beam flange produced satisfactory performance and accommodated plastic rotations larger than 0.03 rad, while a maximum plastic rotation of 0.04 rad could be developed in the high-strength steel panel zone before fracture occurred. These results evidenced that those dual-steel connections could still sustain high seismic deformation demands.

Mathematical modeling of small soil channel laboratory stand drive and evaluation of its energy state

The article presents data on improving the design of the Small Soil Channel research laboratory stand. The possibilities of experimental works on study of kinematic parameters and structural parameters, spatial dynamometering of working elements of tillage and sowing machines are described. The article considers the method for assessing the energy state of the laboratory stand small soil channel and studying the power distribution in its moving mechanisms. Based on the parameters obtained as a result of solving the equations of motion and energy state, using the full differential of the Hamelton function, the power distribution in the mechanisms under the action of external forces and the total mechanical energy of the stand are determined. The traction resistance of stand working body was determined using the Goryachkin formula. Based on the developed kinematic scheme, a mathematical model has been developed that imitates the movement of the belt transmission mechanism of the stand. Based on the developed mathematical model, calculation experiments were carried out using the Runge-Kutt numerical method, the results made it possible to find the motion parameters of the belt transmission mechanism of the stand. The results obtained when solving the mathematical model of the belt transmission mechanism of the stand made it possible to determine the parameters of movement of the stand engine and the drum. This article presents the results of determining the stiffness and elasticity coefficients of the belt, the moment of resistance of the drum, the driving moment of the driving pulley, angular speed, angular rooting, the moment of inertia of the driving and driven pulleys by compiling a mathematical model of the Laboratory Stand Small Soil Channel that imitates the working process of tillage and sowing machines.

Verification of structural reliability of a highway bridge in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

This study deals with the evaluation of the reliability index of prestressed girders members of road bridges in relation to the ultimate limit state (ULS) of bending failure. In a wide bibliographic review of scientific works that deal with structural reliability, prestressed structural elements and road bridges, it is observed that few of these deals specifically with the reliability of girders considering the codes NBR 7188 of 2013 and NBR 7187 of 2021. A mechanical model was developed for the calculation of the beam resistant moment and the Monte Carlo Method was used to obtain a data set that represents the statistics of the structure in the ULS. To obtain the reliability index B, the first order reliability method (FORM) was used. The values obtained by the analytical method are validated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. For all evaluated cases, the value of the reliability index was higher than 4.0, which is higher than the minimum required value of 3.5, showing that the national normative recommendations for the design of beam members guarantee a very conservative level of safety.

STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN OF NOVEL PYRIMIDINE CARBONITRILES ANALOGS TARGETING THE CYSTEINE PROTEASE FALCIPAIN 2 OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (pfFP2) AT THE TROPHOZOÏTE STAGE WITH FAVORABLE ADME SPECIFICITIES

Aim and Objective: Structure-based drug design (SBDD) of new antimalarials at the moment of resistance of the most causative agent, Plasmodium falciparum to the more valuable artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is even more urgent. Carbonitriles pyrimidine derivatives (CNP) has emerged as potential inhibitors of the cysteine protease falcipain 2 of Plasmodium falciparum (pfFP2), so here we report virtual pharmacophore based screening of the CNP chemical subspace yielding novel CNP analogs with predicted high inhibitory potency against pfFP2. Methods: A quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) complexation model has been developed from a series of fifteen carbonitriles pyrimidine derivatives to establish a linear correlation between the calculated Gibbs free energies (GFE: ΔΔGcom) of pfFP2-CNP complex formation and the experimental half-maximal enzymatic inhibition concentration ( ).The predictive power of the QSAR model was then validated with the generation of a 3D-QSAR-PH4 pharmacophore (PH4) model as CNP chemical subspace (exemplified as a virtual combinatorial library of more than 83.300 CNP analogs) explorer for novel predicted more potent CNP analogs. Finally the best PH4 hits were evaluated with the initial QSAR model for predicted potency ( ) and pharmacokinetic profile. Results: The QSAR model linear correlation equation: p = -0.1025 x ∆∆Gcom + 7.2867, R2=0.94, the subsequent PH4 model linear correlation between experiment and PH4-estimated IC50: p = 0.9366 x p + 0.2849, R2=0.91 documents the high predictive power of this approach. Finally the screening of the virtual library of CNP analogs yielded 52 orally bioavailable candidates the best reaching a predicted potency ( ) of 14 pM and displaying favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Conclusion: The combined use of one descriptor complexation QSAR model and 3D-QSAR Pharmacophore model performs well in identifying novel CNP analogs against pfFP2 and the handful of top predicted analogs are worth undergoing synthesis and biological evaluation. Peer Review History: Received: 12 August 2023; Revised: 17 September; Accepted: 27 October, Available online: 15 November 2023 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 7.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 9.0/10 Reviewers: Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, conyeji@oauife.edu.ng Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, raousm@gmail.com Dr. Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara, Gazi University, Turkey, eda@gazi.edu.tr

Detecting the influence of uneven loading of the brake shoe in a freight car bogie on its strength

The object of the study is the processes of occurrence, perception, and redistribution of loads in the brake shoe of a freight car bogie during braking. In order to ensure the safety of the movement of freight cars, a study of the uneven load on the bogie shoe of the model 18-100 freight car was carried out. A mathematical apparatus was built to determine the strength of the brake shoe, taking into account the uneven load transmitted to it from the brake pad. In this case, the brake shoe was considered in the form of a frame with variable stiffness. It was established that the stresses that occur in the shoe exceed the permissible ones. To test the proposed mathematical apparatus, a computer simulation of the strength of the brake shoe was carried out. In this case, the finite element method, which is implemented in SolidWorks Simulation, was used. The difference between the results obtained by mathematical modeling and computer simulation was 5.7 %. A feature of the research results is that they make it possible to determine the moment of resistance, and accordingly, the stresses that act in the shoe along its length. This will make it possible to design its fundamentally new structure at the subsequent stages. The field of practical application of the reported results is the engineering industry, in particular, railroad transport. The conditions for the practical application of the research results are to ensure the strength of the shoe during braking of the rolling stock in operation. The study will contribute to advancements in improving the reliability of the braking systems of bogies, as well as ensuring the manufacturability and maintainability in the construction, operation, and repair of the components of the mechanical part of brakes for the new generation freight cars

Motion of a submerged body under a free surface and an ice cover in finite water depth conditions

In this study, we consider the motion of a submerged body near the free surface of a liquid and a liquid covered with an ice cover in finite water depth conditions. The influence of water depth on the nature of motion of a submerged body has been experimentally and theoretically analysed. The experiments were performed in an ice tank. The use of a cable towing system allowed the researchers to measure the magnitude of the relative vertical displacement of the submerged body resulting from the action of the lift force. The influence of ice cover on the relationship between the vertical displacement, trim angle, criterion for ice breaking, and speed of movement of the submerged body model was established. For theoretical research, the ice cover was modelled by a viscoelastic floating plate, and the submarine was modelled by a source–sinks system in a fluid flow. The influence of water depth, the presence of an ice cover, changes in the submergence depth, and the speed of movement of the submerged body on the wave resistance, lift force, and trimming moment were analysed. Theoretical results are supported by experimental data.

Laboratory and ultra-low cycle fatigue evaluation of the seismic performance of BFP connection with different amounts of pre-tension in bolts

Bolted Flange Plate Moment Connections (BFP) are one of the most practical connections, used as prequalified connections in special steel moment frames. Using three full-scale BFP connections designed according to AISC, this paper has explored the effects of bolt pre-tension levels experimentally under SAC cyclic loading protocol. The bolt pre-tension level has been defined as α coefficient to indicate the pre-tensioning level in three specimens. The bolts of the first specimen were not pre-tensioned, called snug-tightened bolts, and considered as reference connections. The bolt pre-tension levels of the second and third specimens were established in accordance with the minimum and allowable limits of AISC design code and ultimate strength of the bolt, called pre-tensioned and fully pre-tensioned, respectively. The moment capacity, total energy absorption, and strain variation of the bolts have been investigated. Meanwhile, using the ultra-low cycle fatigue failure index obtained from experimental specimens, the capacity of modeled BFP connections in finite elements has been compared with the laboratory samples in terms of failure location and connection capacity. The experimental results revealed that final resistance in BFP connections occurs in the cycle of 7% of the drift angle of SAC protocol loading, and the location of the connection failure is around the farthest hole from the column, which is consistent with the failure results from ultra-low cycle fatigue in finite element modeling for BFP connections. The measure of moment resistance in the pre-tensioned connection (Both connections were minimum pre-tensioned according to the regulation and ultimate strength of the bolt) has increased by about 50% compared to the without pre-tensioned connection. The amount of energy absorption of the pre-tensioned connection with the ultimate strength of the bolt has increased by 176% of the energy absorption capacity of the connection without pre-tensioned and 14% of the energy absorption capacity of the connection with the minimum allowable pre-tensioning of the regulation. The extent of energy absorption in the three connections was equal to 38, 92, and 105 KJ.

ANALYTICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF DETERMINATION OF INTEGRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTOR SYSTEMS OF URBAN CRANES

The work is devoted to the actual problem of analytical substantiation of determination of integral characteristics of rotor systems of city-building cranes, knowledge of which is necessary for carrying out further balancing of their rotors on coasting (or in the process of start-up). It allows to refuse the use of contact vibration sensors and other special equipment for monitoring the balancing process. Besides, there is a possibility to optimize the driving torque (during start-up) and braking torque during coasting of the rotor system. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm for determining the integral characteristics of the rotor system at start-up/run-out at a special ratio of moment coefficients - components of the total moment of resistance to rotation. Approaches and models of mathematical physics and classical calculus of variations are used. The results obtained in the paper will be useful for clarification and improvement of engineering methods of calculation of rotor systems of construction/urban cranes operating in transient modes (start-up, coasting, reversing, etc.), both at the stages of their design and in the modes of real operation.

Seismic behaviour of precast concrete beam-column connections with bolted end plates

This paper presents the seismic behaviour of a dry beam-column connection with bolted end plates for precast concrete structures. Experimental tests were carried out on one cast-in-situ connection and three precast concrete connections with bolted end plates to study the behaviour under reversed cyclic loading. The load resistance, failure mode, ductility and energy dissipation capacity were determined from experimental results. Comparisons were made among different connections to show the influence of end plates and stiffeners on the connection behaviour. Test results showed that precast concrete connections with bolted end plates mainly dissipated energy through bending of the end plate and deformation of steel bolts. The final failure of connection resulted from the yielding of the end plate or crushing of concrete in the compression zone of beams, depending on the thickness of the end plate and the presence of stiffeners. The connection with bolted end plates could achieve good ductility and energy dissipation. Moreover, failure of columns and the joint core was prevented through the use of end plates. An analytical method was also proposed to evaluate the moment-rotation relationship of connections. The contributions of joint core, steel bolts and the end plate to rotational stiffness and moment resistance were quantified in the analytical method. Comparisons with test results showed that the analytical method can estimate the moment-rotation curve of connections with bolted end plates with good accuracy when failure of connection was dominated by steel bolts or the end plate. Design recommendations were also proposed for connections with bolted end plates.

Effects of Holding Time and Temperature of Creasing Knife on Crease Bending Characteristics of Milk Carton Subjected to Indentation of Flat-Edge Creasing Knife

Since the material properties of paperboard depend on the processing strain rate and the temperature elevation of the paperboard, the mechanical conditions of the scoring tool (creasing knife) are important for precisely and stably folding the scored zone of the paperboard. When the temperature and the indentation velocity of the creasing knife are changed irregularly during the scoring process, the permanent-indented (residually scored) depth of the paperboard seems to be affected by the temperature and the indentation time of the creasing knife. Although the temperature-dependent and time-dependent behavior of several thin paperboards have been known in the past, their combined behavior was not sufficiently discussed regarding the crease bending characteristics of the paperboard. In this work, the time-dependent and temperature-dependent scoring, and the corresponded bending characteristics of liquid-container-purpose paperboard of basis weight 313g/m2 (thickness of t = 0.47mm) were experimentally investigated using a bending (folding) tester, when varying the holding time and the temperature of a flat-edge creasing knife at two levels of the normalized indentation depth d/t = 0.68 and 1.02. As the results, the first peak bending moment Mp1, the first stiffness C1 (the gradient of bending moment resistance by the folding angle at an angle of 0—4 degrees), and the rating bending moment resistance at the right-angle M90,1(0) were characterized with the holding time and the temperature elevation of the creasing knife at the pre-stage (scoring) process. Also, some explicit expressions of C1, Mp1, M90,1(0) with the permanent scored depth were revealed as a static relationship. It is concluded that the temperature variation and the holding time of the creasing knife are important parameters which must be controlled in the manufacturing process of liquid package.

Ultimate Load Behaviour of Castellated Beams with Stiffened Octagonal Openings

ctagonal castellated beam is fabricated by adding spacer plates between the web joints of the hexagonal castellated beam to further increase the beam depth. The resulted deep beam is advantageous to enhance the shear carrying capacity and moment resistance. However, large web openings are prone to Vierendeel mechanism in the deformation that lowers the overall beam performance due to formation of plastic hinges. The present paper is concerned with non-linear analysis to predict the ultimate load behaviour of octagonal castellated beams. Finite element models were developed by using a commercial programme LUSAS. The numerical models were first validated against the experimental results reported by other researchers. This study aims to propose the ideal configuration of web opening stiffeners and evaluate the effectiveness of the additional stiffening material for different beam span lengths. Provision of ring stiffeners is effective in short span beams in respect of resistance to Vierendeel failure. The stiffeners have increased the ultimate load to the extent of 73% in which the strength restoration is considerably near to the capacity of its parent universal beam. In long span beams, however, the stiffeners can only improve the performance up to 26.61% with larger additional steel materialthan that of shorter span. In all cases, the stiffener thickness is found to be the governing factor to restoring the loss of shear strength due to large web openings. The number of stiffeners contributes no appreciable variation of ultimate load particularly in long span beams where bending is prominent

ელექტროგამტარ სითხეში წრიული ფოროვანი ფირფიტის ბრუნვის სტაციონარული ამოცანა გაჟონვის სიჩქარის დიდი მნიშვნელობებისათვის თბოგადაცემით, მაგნიტური ველისა და ჯოულის სითბოს გათვალისწინებით

The stationary problem of rotation of a circular porous plate in an electrically conductive fluid is studied by the sequential approximation method (Green's function and small parameter method) for large values of the suction velocity with heat transfer, taking into account a weak magnetic field. The problem considers the case when the influence of dissipative members on heat transfer is very small, the energy equation takes into account the influence of Joule's heat on heat transfer, and it is assumed that the temperature along with the radius of the plate changes according to the square law. For solving the problem, the Navier-Stokes and energy partial differential equations of fluid motion in a magnetic field are reduced to ordinary nonlinear differential equations using generalized Karman embeddings, the solutions of which are sought in the form of infinite series for small values of the suction parameter. The solution of the problem by the means of Green's function is reduced to the solution of integral-differential equations. Recurrence formulas have been obtained, by the means of which it is possible to calculate the solution with any approximation. The first two approximations are clearly calculated. All kinematic characteristics of fluid flow are calculated. Images for heat transfer and pressure distribution on a circular plate are obtained. The moment of resistance to rotation of the plate and the heat transfer coefficient are also calculated.

State-of-the-Art: Integrating Fastener Technology and Design Guidelines for Enhanced Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Sections

Cold-formed steel (CFS) elements have gained significant attention in the field of structural engineering due to their numerous advantages, including high strength-to-weight ratio, cost-effectiveness, and ease of assembly and prefabrication. This review paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of the design and analysis of CFS structures, with a specific focus on columns and beams. The primary objectives and aims of this review paper are to provide a detailed assessment of the factors influencing the behavior and performance of CFS elements, including partial composite action, fastener spacing, bolt arrangement, web aperture, stiffeners, and connection spacing, to propose and present various formulas and methodologies that accurately estimate critical buckling loads, strength, and moment resistance for CFS members, and to emphasize the significance of proper screw and bolt placement in preventing premature failure and enhancing the overall load-carrying capacity of CFS structures. Additionally, the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties and performance of CFS members is discussed. The review paper proposes different formulas and methodologies to accurately estimate critical buckling loads, strength, and moment resistance for CFS members. Moreover, the paper highlights the importance of proper screw and bolt placement to prevent early failure and improve the overall load-carrying capacity of CFS structures. The discussion also emphasizes the need for revisions in existing standards and codes to provide more practical guidelines for designers and engineers. Overall, this state-of-the-art review paper provides valuable insights and recommendations for researchers and practitioners involved in the design and analysis of CFS elements.

Effectiveness of flange plates on torsional behaviors of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete hollow beams

This study investigates the effectiveness of flanges with various types of stirrup and cross-sectional dimensions on the torsional behaviors of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) hollow beams. A finite element model was developed and validated for simulating the torsional behavior. The impact of the essential parameters of flanges was investigated through experimental and numerical methodologies. The results showed that the inclusion of flanges substantially influenced the torsional strength of UHPFRC hollow beams, attributed to the section torsional plastic resistance moment and UHPFRC tensile capacity in flanges. The effectiveness of flange plates was considerably influenced by the web wall thickness. The stirrup type and the increase in flange reinforcement ratio, flange width, and thickness had a favorable effect on the torsional behaviors of thick-walled UHPFRC beams but minimal effect on thin-walled UHPFRC beams. The failure of thin-walled beams was determined by the web thickness and web reinforcements.

Research and outlook of steel beam‐to‐column joints retrofitted by welding haunches

AbstractA critical issue in structural retrofitting is to enhance the moment resistance of steel beam‐to‐column joints. The authors have investigated the cyclic behaviour and design of existing welded unreinforced flange‐bolted web (WUF‐B) joints, in which welding haunches were utilised to retrofit weak panel zones. In this study, three full‐scale joint specimens were retrofitted by haunches and stiffeners after applying axial column compression load. Then, cyclic tests, numerical simulations, and finite element parametric analyses were conducted. Results indicated that the retrofitted joints exhibited increased moment resistance and satisfactory seismic performance, meeting the ductility requirement of Special Moment Frames in the AISC 341 provision. The force‐transferring mechanism was substantially changed after adding haunches, and thus, a simplified mechanical model has been established to predict the force distribution. Furthermore, parameters influencing the joint behaviour (i.e., haunch geometries and axial column load before retrofitting) were involved in parametric analyses. Based on the above experimental and numerical results, the design method has been proposed, including the recommended configurations, calculations of the moment resistance and initial rotational stiffness, and detailed seismic checking procedures. This study reports a feasible solution to retrofit weak panel zones with column compression remaining and provides an outlook on retrofitting beam‐to‐column joints in future investigations.

Modelling of column base plate connections with plate stiffeners and non‐proportional loading

AbstractColumn base plate connections are used widely. Their design is currently codified by Eurocode 3, though with explicit consideration of only base plates without stiffeners and subjected to a proportional loading path. However, both new and existing steel structures might have stiffened base plates. Besides, there might be the need for analyzing the connection response for a non‐proportional loading path (e.g., increasing seismic loads and constant gravity loads). Therefore, the paper provides a contribution into the development of an analytical model for predicting the response of stiffened base plate connections subjected to a non‐proportional loading path. The paper deals with calculation of the connection rotational stiffness and moment resistance. The objective is pursued through finite element modelling and analysis. Then, the application of a proposed analytical model is shown and a comparison with the finite element analysis results is illustrated and discussed.

Crack behaviour and flexural response of steel and chopped glass fibre-reinforced concrete: Experimental and analytical study

Steel and glass fibres are commonly used to reinforce concrete for improved toughness, durability, and peak post-cracking response. Comprehension of the flexural and cracking behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) is important since fibres increase moment resistance and stiffness. This study investigated the flexural and cracking behaviour of FRC prisms through experimental and analytical methods. Forty prisms (150 × 150 × 500 mm) were tested in flexure and 50 cylinders (100 × 200 mm) were loaded under splitting tensile testing to assess the effect of adding steel and/or glass fibres with three dosages (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% by volume fraction) on flexural and splitting tensile response. Digital Image Correlation investigated crack formation and propagation in the flexure tests. An Inverse Analysis (IA) was used to generate the tensile stress-strain response for FRC. Proposed tensile stress-strain model for FRC considers the influence of steel and glass fibres and is presented in design-oriented expressions for equivalent stress block parameters. Results showed fibres significantly increase flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, residual stresses, and toughness. IA results were used to develop the tensile model of FRC, and the simplified proposed model adequately represents the flexural response of FRC.