Emission Spectra Research Articles

Urban travel carbon emission mitigation approach using deep reinforcement learning

The urbanization process has led to a significant increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions, which can be mitigated through scientific urban planning and management. This research proposes a bottom-up urban carbon emission mitigation strategy based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Using Ningbo City as a case study, multi-source urban data, including points of interest (POI) data and urban transportation system data, are utilized, along with varying carbon emission coefficients for different travel modes, to construct a comprehensive carbon emission environment for urban areas. The proposed DRL model adopts an Actor-Critic framework, which iteratively optimizes the land use configuration and building type proportions within the urban matrix to achieve the goal of mitigating travel carbon emissions. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach exhibits significant carbon reduction effects in urban scenario. By adjusting the discount rate of the reward function, various optimization strategies can be obtained, such as short-term and long-term strategies, achieving reductions of 0.47% and 0.61%, respectively, which are notably higher than the 0.39% reduction expected if travel emissions were uniformly distributed across the matrix. The findings highlight the potential of DRL-based approaches in urban planning to achieve adaptive and data-driven strategies for carbon emission mitigation.

Analysis of Scattering Mechanisms in SAR Image Simulations of Japanese Wooden Buildings Damaged by Earthquake

The difficulty in identifying collapsed houses and damaged structures in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images after natural disasters represents a significant challenge in the monitoring of urban structural deformation using SAR. SAR image simulation was conducted on a three-dimensional model of a typical wooden building in Japan to analyze the scattering mechanism of the structure in collapsed and uncollapsed states. Based on the physical properties of the buildings, a correlation was established between the simulated SAR image feature signals and the geometric structures of the buildings. The findings indicate that SAR scattering is more uniform for uncollapsed structures, which is predominantly influenced by their geometry. At low incidence angles, single reflections were the predominant phenomenon, whereas at high incidence angles, multiple reflections became more prevalent. The uncollapsed building’s facade formed a dihedral angle, exhibiting bright lines in the SAR image. Multiple reflections occurred at the edges of the building and floor junctions. These findings follow the theoretical predictions. In the case of the collapsed buildings, multiple reflections occurred with greater frequency, and irregular scattering was observed. Notwithstanding the augmented scattering pathways, some walls nevertheless manifested single reflections. The collapsed structures demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to alterations in the angle of incidence.

Preliminary Investigation of a Potential Optical Biosensor Using the Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye Applied to DNA and Friction Ridge Analysis from Fingerprint Traces.

Developments in science and technology lead to an increasing use of scientific evidence in litigation. Interdisciplinary research can improve current procedures and introduce new ones for the disclosure and examination of evidence. The dactyloscopic trace is used for personal identification by matching minutiae (the minimum required may vary by country) or for extracting DNA material from the trace under investigation. The research presented in this article aims to propose the merging of two currently used personal identification methods, DNA analysis and dactyloscopic trace analysis, which are currently treated as separate forensic traces found at a crime scene. Namely, the forensic trace to be analyzed is the dactyloscopic trace containing DNA, and both sources of information needed for identification are examined as one. Promega's Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye, presented as a safe alternative to ethidium bromide, works by binding to single- and double-stranded DNA and is used to visualize the separation of material in a gel and to detect DNA in forensic samples. Spectroscopic studies as absorption and emission spectra and fluorescence microscopy observations presented in our research confirm that Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye can also be used to visualize fingerprints on non-absorbent surfaces and that combining the two methods into one can significantly increase the evidential value and contribute to the design of an innovative fast-acting optical biosensor.

A study on the scaled intelligent supply mode of biomass briquette fuel in China

In the backdrop of China's ‘Carbon peak, Carbon neutrality’ goal, to reduce the pollution caused by carbon emissions to the atmosphere, this study investigates the supply of biomass briquette fuel. The supply of biomass briquette fuel is generally divided into two stages: the first stage involves the collection, storage, and transportation of biomass straw to the biomass briquette production base; the second encompasses the processing of the biomass straw into briquette fuel at the production base, followed by its transportation to the biomass boiler heating center for utilization. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed based on carbon emission and economic cost. The model is then calculated with an optimized intelligent algorithm, and the results are subjected to sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that: (1) Compared to the pre-optimization phase, the optimized model increases profits by 26.31 % and reduces carbon emissions by 12.64 %. (2) The adaptive genetic algorithm shows significantly better convergence speed and accuracy compared to the traditional genetic algorithm, making it more suitable for intelligent calculations of biomass briquette fuel supply. (3) As the weight coefficient of carbon emissions increases, economic costs continue to decrease with increasing sensitivity, while carbon emissions continue to decrease with decreasing sensitivity. These results provide references for further optimizing the weight coefficients of economic costs and carbon emissions in the supply of briquette fuel. This study contributes to reducing carbon emissions and provide references for the rational and intelligent supply of biomass briquette fuel.

Triplet Energy Gap‐Regulated Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Host–Guest Doped Systems

AbstractThe organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials via host–guest doped method receive considerable attention in the fields of optoelectronics, bioimaging, and information encryption. Despite many host–guest doped materials with excellent RTP properties have been developed, their luminous mechanism is still limited. Here, a series of host–guest doped materials, using benzophenone as the host and quinone compounds as the guests, were constructed to investigate the effect of the triplet energy gap (ΔET) between the host and guest on triplet states population. The guest's triplet state is proposed to be a “triplet energy reservoir”, gathering the triplet excitons to emit RTP when ΔET is large and returning triplet excitons to the host when ΔET is small. By combining the results of steady‐state and delayed emission spectra, time‐resolved transient absorption spectra, and theoretical calculations, a bidirectional energy transfer process is proved, which are triplet‐triplet energy transfer and reverse triplet‐triplet energy transfer processes. The thermal equilibrium of these two energy transfer processes can be regulated by the ΔET and temperature. The potential applications of these RTP properties are also realized in data encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. This work provides valuable insight into the design of host–guest doped materials based on energy transfer mechanisms.

Triplet Energy Gap-Regulated Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Host-Guest Doped Systems.

The organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials via host-guest doped method receive considerable attention in the fields of optoelectronics, bioimaging, and information encryption. Despite many host-guest doped materials with excellent RTP properties have been developed, their luminous mechanism is still limited. Here, a series of host-guest doped materials, using benzophenone as the host and quinone compounds as the guests, were constructed to investigate the effect of the triplet energy gap (ΔET) between the host and guest on triplet states population. The guest's triplet state is proposed to be a "triplet energy reservoir", gathering the triplet excitons to emit RTP when ΔET is large and returning triplet excitons to the host when ΔET is small. By combining the results of steady-state and delayed emission spectra, time-resolved transient absorption spectra, and theoretical calculations, a bidirectional energy transfer process is proved, which are triplet-triplet energy transfer and reverse triplet-triplet energy transfer processes. The thermal equilibrium of these two energy transfer processes can be regulated by the ΔET and temperature. The potential applications of these RTP properties are also realized in data encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work provides valuable insight into the design of host-guest doped materials based on energy transfer mechanisms.

On the in-situ determination of the effective secondary electron emission coefficient in low pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges based on the electrical asymmetry effect

Abstract We present a method for the in-situ determination of the effective secondary electron emission coefficient (SEEC, γ) in a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) source based on the γ-dependence of the DC self-bias voltage that develops over the plasma due to the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE). The EAE is established via the simultaneous application of two consecutive radio-frequency harmonics (with a varied phase angle) for the excitation of the discharge. Following the measurement of the DC self-bias voltage experimentally, particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations coupled with a diffusion-reaction-radiation code to compute the argon atomic excited level dynamics are conducted with a sequence of SEEC values. The actual γ for the given discharge operating conditions is found by searching for the best match between the experimental and computed values of the DC self-bias voltage. The γ ≈ 0.07 values obtained this way are in agreement with typical literature data for the working gas of argon and the electrode material of stainless steel in the CCP source. The method can be applied for a wider range of conditions, as well as for different electrode materials and gases to reveal the effective SEEC for various physical settings and discharge operating conditions.

Estimation of thermal emission from mixture of CO2 and H2O gases and fly-ash particles

Abstract In the present work the thermal emission from gases and particle mixture is studied comprehensively. The mixture consist of CO2 and H2Ogases along with fly-ash particles and their spectral radiative properties are obtained from HITEMP database and Mie theory, respectively. The Line-by-line method, known for high accuracy is used to estimate radiative heat transfer from gases and particle mixture. Three distinct cases, i.e, pure absorption/emission, pure scattering, and their combined effects are investigated. The spectral radiative transfer equation is solved by finite angle method (FAM) and the correctness of the results is ensured by principle of energy conservation. The anisotropic scattering is modeled using the Henyey-Greenstein method. The influence of radiative properties of the participating medium, along with wall and cavity temperatures, on heat transfer and emission spectrum is evaluated. The radiative heat transfer enhances with introduction of the particles in the gaseous mixture. For pure scattering medium, the emission spectrum on each wall differs and also varies from the emission spectrum of the emitting wall. The particle influence grows notably with higher volume fractions in gaseous mixture. While there is a notable contribution of anisotropic scattering in a purely scattering medium, its significance diminishes in an absorbing, emitting, and scattering medium.

Eu3+@Cs4SnBr6 NCs-doped silicate glass with efficient tunable white light emission via energy transfer and multi-emission photoluminescence properties

Light sources with spectral distributions akin to sunlight are highly desirable. To date, the emulation of solar radiation remains a significant challenge for scientists. In this study, The Cs4SnBr6 NCs were in-situ precipitated from the silicate glass matrix, and the emission spectra were thoroughly investigated. It was found that the coupling of the emission from Cs4SnBr6 NCs with that of Sn2+ resulted in broadband visible light emission. But the emission did not span the entire visible spectrum due to the lack of red emission. Thus, the Eu3+ was introduced into the Cs4SnBr6 NCs-doped silicate glass. By optimizing the concentration of Eu3+ and engineering the energy transfer, broadband emission covering the full visible range with excellent luminescence thermal stability and superior chromatic performance was achieved. A prototype w-LED based Eu3+@Cs4SnBr6 NCs glass exhibits a sunlight-like visible spectrum, with favorable color coordinates (0.31, 0.30), a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6800 K, and a high color rendering index (CRI) of 91.1. Besides, a unique multi-emission photoluminescence of Eu3+@Cs4SnBr6 NCs glass with color change phenomenon was exhibited by varying the excitation wavelength, offering new avenues for applications in information encryption.

Enhancement strategy of thermal stability and photoluminescent intensity of Cr3+ doped Li3+xZn2–2xGaxSbO6 phosphor in a strong crystal field

Near-infrared phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have shown enormous influence in various applications such as night vision, non-destructive detection，especially in the realm of plant cultivation. However, the role of phosphors presently employed in plant cultivation is typically limited, serving primarily for the purpose of illumination. In this work, a series of near-infrared phosphors Li3+xZn2–2xGaxSbO6: 0.02Cr3+(LZGS: 0.02Cr3+) under 450 nm excitation was successfully synthesized by high-temperature solid-state method. Through precise modulation of Ga3+ ions, a blue shift in the emission spectrum was observed, demonstrating excellent overlap with the absorption spectrum of Phytochrome. To explain two phenomena of spectral blue shift and the enhancement in luminescence intensity, density functional theory calculations have been performed. Additionally, a crystal field strength Dq/B of 3.48 was achieved, which represents the highest value currently reported for Cr3+-doped phosphors. The results offer potential applications of LZGS: 0.02Cr3+ in temperature sensing, enabling precise detection of the environmental temperature for plant growth. Finally, pc-LED devices were made by combining LZGS: 0.02Cr3+ with 450 nm blue light chips and applied to plant lighting, temperature measurement, and anti-counterfeiting, demonstrating the potential of LZGS: 0.02Cr3+ in multifaceted applications.

Design and Performance of an InAs Quantum Dot Scintillator with Integrated Photodetector.

A new scintillation material composed of InAs quantum dots (QDs) hosted within a GaAs matrix was developed, and its performance with different types of radiation is evaluated. A methodology for designing an integrated photodetector (PD) with a low defect density and that is optically matched to the QD's emission spectrum is introduced, utilizing an engineered epitaxial InAlGaAs metamorphic buffer layer. The photoluminescence (PL) collection efficiency of the integrated PD is examined using two-dimensional scanning laser excitation. The detector response to 5.5 MeV α-particles and 122 keV photons is presented. Yields of 13 electrons/keV for α-particles and 30-60 electrons/keV for photons were observed. The energy resolution of 12% observed with α-particles was mainly limited by noise- and geometry-related optical losses. The radiation hardness of an InAs QDs hosted within GaAs and a wider band gap AlGaAs ternary alloy was studied under a 1 MeV proton implantation up to a 1014 cm-2 dose. The integrated PL responses were compared to evaluate PL quenching due to non-radiative defects. The QDs embedded in the AlGaAs demonstrated improved radiation hardness compared to QDs in the GaAs matrix and in the InGaAs quantum wells.

Enhancing luminescence in bio-cellulose derived carbon microcoils through europium incorporation: A pathway to high-performance UV luminophores

Bio-cellulose derived carbon microcoils (BCMC) are renowned for their distinctive helical structure, sustainability, and renewability, making them highly versatile for applications such as microwave absorption, water purification, and energy storage. Despite extensive research on carbon microcoils or nanocoils, the luminescent properties of BCMC remain largely unexplored. This study delves into the luminescence characteristics of BCMC extracted from recycled tea leaves, revealing a broad spectrum of multicolor emissions including ultraviolet (355 nm, 396 nm), blue (467 nm), and near-infrared (764 nm). These emissions are attributed to BCMC's distinctive three-dimensional helical configuration and its rich array of oxygen-containing functional groups. Incorporating europium further tailors the photoluminescent properties of BCMC, significantly amplifying UV and blue light emissions. Additionally, annealing improves UV emission, showcasing the potential for enhanced luminescence performance. This research not only deepens our understanding of sustainable luminescent materials but also paves the way for developing advanced UV luminophores with diverse applications.

Influence of species kinetics on discharge characteristics in oxygen helicon plasma

Abstract Oxygen (O2) helicon plasmas in multiple wave modes were excited by a right-helical antenna with an upper metal endplate at low pressure. Mode transitions were observed at increasing input power or magnetic field, characterized by obvious jumps of plasma parameters. Blue Core appears at high magnetic fields (~700 G) and input powers (~1700 W), with a large radial gradient of plasma density, ion line intensity, and electron temperature. Emission spectra demonstrate that the blue lights originate from O II lines. We found that the intensity ratio of O II to O I of Blue Core in O2 is lower by one order than that in N2 or Ar despite their similar ionization rates and plasma densities in Blue Core area. A high-temperature B-dot probe together with a waveform fitting procedure was used to present the measured oscillating waveforms of m =+1 helicon waves, showing distinct wave structures of different eigenmodes. Cavity mode resonance is suggested to be responsible for the formation of standing waves of discrete eigenmodes. A pressure balance model was developed to estimate the species densities around the central area in different modes, showing massive dissociation of O2 molecules and high density of O atoms locally, so that O2 helicon plasma behaves a species feature of monatomic gas discharge. The obviously low intensity of O II lines compared to O I lines of Blue Core in O2 is related to the quite high excitation threshold of O+ ions (~30 eV) although electron density and temperature are relatively high. The combined effects of dispersed reaction energy distribution, massive molecule dissociation and negative ion creation are considered to be the main causes for requirement of much higher RF power and magnetic field for Blue Core formation in O2 helicon plasma than that in Ar. The calculated radial profile of power deposition and the captured plasma morphology confirm that the dominant central electron heating is the essential reason for the large radial gradients of plasma density and electron temperature which contributes to the serious neutral depletion and Blue Core formation.

Deciphering the Influence of Zwitterionic Surfactants on Pluronic Co-assemblies: A Synergistic Odyssey through Spectroscopic, Microscopic, and Scattering Techniques.

Fundamental investigations into the photophysical properties and microenvironmental features of pluronic-zwitterionic surfactant mixed assemblies are essential for advancing our understanding of molecular interactions at the nanoscale, setting the stage for innovative solutions in drug delivery, diagnostics, and other applications of pluronic-zwitterionic surfactant assemblies. This investigation explores the intricate photophysics of pluronic-zwitterionic surfactant mixed assemblies, utilizing the twisted intramolecular charge transfer state forming styryl dye trans-2-[(4-dimethylamino) styryl] benzothiazole as a probe. By comparing the behaviors of two distinct poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers with block composition of (PEO)132-(PPO)50-(PEO)132 [F108] and (PEO)100-(PPO)65-(PEO)100 [F127] at concentrations of 5 and 10 wt %, this study systematically examines the impact of the addition of zwitterionic surfactants. Through a comprehensive set of analytical techniques, including UV-visible absorption, steady-state emission, and time-resolved fluorescence emission studies, significant alterations in the emission spectra and quantum yields were observed upon the addition of zwitterionic surfactants. These modifications suggest a dynamic equilibrium for the transitioning of dye molecules between various microenvironments within the assemblies. Additionally, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential (ζ), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy analyses have shed light on the substantial impact of surfactant incorporation on the structural properties of assemblies.

Impact of the host lattice on crystallographic, Raman, optical, and luminescent properties on the terbium ion

AbstractA comparative study of the Gd2O3:Tb and Y2O3:Tb nanoparticles (NPs) was presented to examine the influence of the host lattices on the crystallographic phase, surface characteristics, optical properties, Raman effect, and photoluminescence properties. Cubic shapes Gd2O3:Tb and Y2O3:Tb NPs with an estimated crystalline size of 17 and 11 nm were recorded from the X‐ray diffraction pattern, respectively. Comparative absorption spectra of both oxides NPs were presented to examine the dispersibility, colloidal stability, and optical behavior of the NPs. Energy bandgap values were estimated to monitor the optical characteristics of the metal oxides in the UV/Vis region. Fourier transform infrared was recorded to confirm the surface‐attached water and organic moieties. The Raman spectra of metal oxides were recorded to examine the symmetrical dis‐order and polarizability of the vibrational bands. The ionic radius of the atoms distorts the bond structure resulting in it greatly influenced the vibrational bands of the materials. The emission spectra certified the effective doping of the luminescent Tb3+‐ion in the metal oxide host lattices. Raman spectra and emission spectra validated the crystal symmetry imperfections; subsequently, the efficiency of the Raman active modes and emission transitions was greatly influenced. In a comparative analysis, Y2O3:Tb NPs exhibited higher luminescence intensity in comparison with the Gd2O3:Tb NPs.

Electrical and optical characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed electrical discharge in air in contact with a water droplet for various electrical conductivities

Abstract Interactions between pulsed electrical discharges and liquid dielectric materials is a growing research field with interests in fundamental discharge physics as well as in applications. Herein, we present an experimental study on the dynamics of nanosecond discharges in air with the presence of a water droplet with various electrical conductivities (EC) and at different applied voltages (Va). The discharges are characterized optically, by employing time-resolved ICCD imaging and optical emission spectroscopy, as well as electrically, by acquiring the current-voltage waveforms for every discharge. The results show that three modes of discharges can be obtained: i) streamer discharge between the cathode and the droplet, ii) streamer discharge between the cathode and the droplet as well as between the anode and the droplet, and iii) spark discharge that connects the two electrodes and propagates over the droplet. We find that the probability to obtain one of the three discharge modes is strongly related to the droplet’s EC as well as to Va. Although the ignition of the streamer is relatively insensitive to EC, its transition to a spark can be finely controlled by the droplet’s EC. The time-resolved ICCD images show that the discharge initiates in the gap between the cathode and the droplet, followed by ignition between the anode/ground electrode and the droplet. Then, an extinction phase is observed before the ignition of a secondary streamer, and depending on the conditions, the discharge may transition to a spark, i.e. a channel with high emission intensity. We find that the duration of each stage of discharge propagation as well as the corresponding emission (path and intensity) are sensitive to droplet’s EC. Finally, emissions from streamers (primary and secondary) as well as from sparks are analyzed using optical spectroscopy. We find that the emission from the streamers is dominated by the second positive system of N2, and that the droplet’s EC does not significantly influence the emission spectra nor the estimated rotational temperature of N2.

An in situ approach for validation of canopy chlorophyll fluorescence radiative transfer models using the full emission spectrum

The intensity and spectral properties of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) carry valuable information on plant photosynthesis and productivity, but are also influenced by leaf and canopy structure. Physically based models provide a quantitative means to investigate how SIF intensity and spectra propagate and scale from the photosystem to the leaf and to the canopy levels. However, the validation of canopy SIF models is limited by the lack of methods that combine direct, independent, and complementary measurements of the full fluorescence spectrum at the leaf and canopy levels. Here, we propose a novel validation approach that combines in situ measurements of leaf and canopy fluorescence spectra. The approach is demonstrated with measurements in a rice crop at two contrasting stages of canopy development. We measured leaf reflectance, transmittance, and fluorescence spectra in situ, and subsequently inverted leaf structural and biochemical parameters and determined the leaf fluorescence quantum efficiency (FQE) using the Fluspect-Cx model. Two FQE inversion methods (Inversion-IIA and Inversion-IIB) were tested for the forward simulation of leaf fluorescence spectra. Leaf fluorescence spectra were then scaled up to the canopy level using 1D, 2D, and 3D radiative transfer schemes (SCOPE, mSCOPE, and DART), and compared with the direct canopy fluorescence spectral observations measured under red, green, blue, and white illumination. The validation results demonstrate that accounting for 3D canopy structure, as in the DART model, is critical to successfully scale the fluorescence spectrum from the leaf to the canopy level, whereas 1D SCOPE or even 2D mSCOPE were unable to fully reproduce the canopy fluorescence spectra. The results also demonstrate that the Inversion-IIB method matches relatively well the measurements with mean relative absolute errors (MRAE) of 20 %, 37 %, and 43 % versus Inversion-IIA with mean relative absolute errors (MRAE) of 62 %, 100 %, and 108 % for DART, mSCOPE, and SCOPE, respectively. We suggest that our validation approach is transferable to other plant species and canopy geometries, providing a means to standardize and evaluate the performance of canopy SIF models and improve our understanding of canopy SIF observations.

Solvatochromic behavior on the absorption, transmittance and emission spectra for some organic dyes as active media

Solvatochromic behavior on the absorption, transmittance and emission spectra for some organic dyes as active media

Tunable green-blue luminescence of Dy2O3 doped borosilicate glasses for optoelectronic devices

The optical-structural correlated properties of the 40B2O3−40SiO2−10V2O5−(10−x)Fe2O3−xDy2O3 system, where 2, 4, and 6 mol%, were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the glassy and amorphous nature of the samples. Adding Dy2O3 promoted the formation of bridging oxygens (upto 4 mol%) by converting BO3 into BO4 units, however, above 4 mol% Dy2O3 act as a modifier. The optical band gap increased from 3.70 to 4.01 eV, while the refractive index decreased from 2.23 to 2.16. The CIE coordinates indicated that the emission spectra fall within the green-blue region. The as-prepared sample exhibited the highest correlated colour temperature value above 5000 K, suggesting its suitability for cool light-emitting diodes sensitive to human vision. These glasses have potential applications in light-emitting diodes and optoelectronic devices.

Cyano-substituted Bis((benzothiophen-2-yl)pyridine) (acetylacetonate) iridium complexes for efficient and stable deep red organic light-emitting diodes emitting at 673 nm

This study explores the development of cyano-substituted bis((benzothiophen-2-yl)pyridine) (acetylacetonate) iridium complexes, specifically Ir(btpCN)2(acac), for use in efficient and stable deep red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting at 673 nm. The new emitter, Ir(btpCN)2(acac), was designed to achieve red-shifted emission through strategic cyano substitution at the meta-position of pyridine moiety of btp ligand, leveraging the favorable overlap between its emission spectrum and the absorption spectrum of the exciplex host composed of BCzPh and CN-T2T. The OLED devices employing Ir(btpCN)2(acac) as the emitter exhibited a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.2 % and an emission wavelength of 673 nm. Significantly, these devices demonstrated superior operational stability, with a lifetime (LT50) of 190.8 h at an initial luminance of 200 cd m−2, which is among the highest reported for deep-red OLEDs in the literature. This remarkable stability is achieved without compromising the device performance, making Ir(btpCN)2(acac) a highly promising candidate for commercial applications. In addition, the straightforward synthesis process of Ir(btpCN)2(acac) further enhances its potential for widespread use. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of cyano-substituted Ir complexes for creating efficient, stable, and commercially viable deep-red OLEDs. The balanced performance of Ir(btpCN)2(acac) in terms of efficiency, stability, and ease of synthesis marks a significant advancement in the development of OLED technology suitable for phototherapy and other applications requiring reliable deep-red light sources.