Modified Grounded Theory Approach Research Articles

Conceptual Model of Effective Parenting Strategies for Mother with Children Who Experience Developmental Disorders

Aim Prior studies on Japanese parents raising children with developmental disorders have predominantly emphasized negative psychological aspects like parenting conflicts and challenges. Purpose of this study was to construct a conceptual model to aid mothers in parenting children with developmental disorders by identifying effective parenting strategies. Methods In this qualitative study, participants were mothers who engaged in a home program through individual outpatient occupational therapy. Therapy sessions occurred biweekly, totaling 12 sessions, each lasting 40 min. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed through the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Results Analysis of mothers’ narratives revealed heightened physical burden, psychological distress, severe stress, and social isolation. Our findings highlight those mothers who engaged in the home program navigated the intricate parenting landscape through problem-solving, including managing negative emotions, their demanding schedules, and societal norms. Conclusion This study offers insights into the perceptions, experiences, and behaviors of families in supporting the development of parenting strategies within the family. Occupational therapy should prioritize evaluating a mother’s parenting context and her interactions with her environment. Furthermore, it is crucial to provide support for her to independently formulate suitable parenting strategies that resonate with the specific circumstances of her family.

A Study on Perceptions of Undetectable = Untransmittable Among Gay Men with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the HIV Community on Twitter in Japan: An Exploratory Qualitative Study Using a Modified Grounded Theory Approach.

This study explores the perceptions of the Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) campaign among gay men with HIV in Japan who are part of the HIV community on Twitter. We conducted detailed semistructured interviews with 12 participants using a modified grounded theory approach. The analysis resulted in 31 concepts, 5 subcategories, 9 categories, and 2 core categories. The relationship between categories and core categories was examined in conjunction with the transcriptions, yielding a comprehensive category map depicting the process of understanding U = U. The three main processes emerged: participants expressed "expectations for improvement," underwent stages of "understanding U = U," and encountered "dilemmas" in forming their opinions. There are two routes to "understanding U = U": Route 1 involved a frictionless understanding of U = U, and Route 2 involved difficulty in understanding the slogan. In both routes, participants experienced the dilemma of "but I still have HIV" and regarding its ease of use. These dilemmas and difficulties in understanding U = U affected their "expectations for improvement." Efforts to promote U = U in Japan must address challenges in public understanding and related dilemmas. This entails reformulating the U = U message in simpler terms, leveraging professional explanations, disseminating it to a broader audience, and incorporating ideas from individuals living with HIV to enhance the message.

A concept of "cultural competence" among public health nurses in Japan.

To clarify the conceptual structure of "cultural competence (CC)" among Japanese public health nurses (PHNs), to enhance culturally appropriate support. A modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) was used. A total of 11 municipal PHNs participated in this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. A comparative analysis was performed using M-GTA. Five categories were identified. Japanese PHNs supported foreign residents while (1) maintaining a sincere attitude with curiosity and humility toward others regarding CC; (2) deepening their realization of issues arising from awareness of one's own and other cultures; (3) developing their knowledge about clients' cultures and the surrounding environments; and (4) mastering the skills of building a relationship with clients while creating supportive systems surrounding them. As they gained more experience in supporting foreign residents, as indicated in the above categories, their cultural competence grew, allowing them to (5) gain experience while encountering individuals without holding stereotypes and prejudice. The concepts of CC that emerged are based on cultural humility and are cultivated through supportive activities. The concepts identified in this study can serve as educational guidelines for health nurses and other care providers in Japan.

Experiences of Financial Stress and Supports in Caregivers During Pediatric Hospital Admission.

In Canada and the United States, ∼1 in 5 children live in poverty, contributing to poor health outcomes. Families with children with chronic illness may experience additional financial stress related to hospitalization. This study aimed to capture experiences of financial needs and supports among caregivers with a child admitted to a tertiary care pediatric hospital to inform hospital-based financial services to reduce financial stress in families. We recruited caregivers of children admitted to the general inpatient ward of an academic pediatric center using purposive sampling with no exclusion criteria. Individual, semistructured, in-depth interviews with participants were conducted. Data collected included socio-demographics, financial needs, and experiences with financial supports. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed on NVivo software using a modified-grounded theory approach and summative content analysis. Fifteen caregivers of diverse backgrounds were interviewed, including non-English speakers (n = 4). Three themes and associated subthemes (in parentheses) were identified: (1) financial stress expressed by participants (acute admission-related and chronic financial stress), (2) challenges associated with accessing and utilizing financial supports (caregiver factors, systemic hospital factors, and systemic government factors), and (3) ideas for financial services at the pediatric hospital (services that will provide acute- and chronic financial assistance including education about financial supports and benefits). Our study highlighted acute and chronic financial needs as well as challenges in accessing financial support. Participants were interested in the healthcare system gaining a comprehensive understanding of their financial circumstances and accessing financial services in a hospital setting.

Comparative Analysis of International Branch Campuses in Korea and Japan: Exploring Success Factors

This study presents a comparative analysis of the evolution of International Branch Campuses (IBCs) in South Korea and Japan, utilizing the conceptual framework proposed by Hickey and Davies (2022). The methodology includes the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) and interviews with over twenty leaders and executives working at IBCs in both countries. Preliminary findings highlight the importance of persistent collaboration among stakeholders, a strong commitment from the home campus, effective communication, trust-building, diversified enrollment pipelines, and strategies to mitigate regulatory challenges for the success of IBCs. Furthermore, entrepreneurial leadership, international education prioritization, cross-cultural understanding, tailored programs, and diverse hires are crucial for maintaining academic standards and building institutional capacity. This research contributes to comparative and international higher education by elucidating the factors influencing the success and sustainability of IBCs in the context of evolving higher education landscapes in South Korea and Japan.

An Attempt to Build the Practice Model of Pharmacist in Home Care Medicine for Children

Although the need for homecare medicine for children is increasing in Japan, few studies have focused on the role of pharmacists in this area. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the practice process of pharmacists in pediatric homecare medicine and develop a practice model. Three pharmacists with experience in homecare medicine for children participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using the modified-grounded theory approach (M-GTA). The analysis generated 8 categories and 21 concepts. The practice of pharmacists in homecare medicine for children is the pharmacotherapy management process, and it aims at "enabling the transition from hospital to home for children and continuity of their homelife with family" in collaboration with other professions. Above all, the two concepts of "optimization of prescription and device selection to enable the hospital-to-home transition" and "optimization of prescription and device selection for ensuring patient safety" form the core of clinical decision making in the pharmacotherapy management process. By integrating these two optimization concepts, the transfer of patients to home can be undertaken smoothly, leading to safer pharmacotherapy in the lives of patients and their families. Furthermore, pharmacists considered clinical decision making from two perspectives: "the child's growth-based approach" and "homelife-based approach." The foundation of these practice processes comprised "professional responsibilities" and "consideration of families' feelings."

학생 선택형 교육과정의 운영 성과 및 영향 요인에 대한 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the student-selective curriculum and the influencing factors through a case study of an autonomous private high school that operates the curriculum, which is the basic principle of the high school credit system. To this end, this study interviewed school members and analyzed it using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. The results of the study are as follows. The school offered various subjects for students to choose autonomously depending on their career paths and aptitudes, which improved their self-direction, learning motivation, and suitability for major resulting in excellent university admissions. The factors to make the achievements are a wide range of subject choices, a diploma system to inform course completion conditions, and the curriculum center to develop and operate the curriculum. In addition, school management based on a clear educational philosophy, collaborative school culture with the support of school corporation, and the college admission system consistent with the school curriculum contributed to the performance.

大学体育体操指導者の指導観に関するインタビュー調査研究

The purpose of this study was to clarify, through interviews, the instruction philosophy of university gymnastics instructors from lesson contents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight instructors (four male and four female) who have been teaching gymnastics in university physical education classes for over 10 years, and the content was analyzed based on the Modified-Grounded Theory Approach. The gymnastics instructors’ views on teaching were found to consist of four elements: 1) physicality (confronting the exerciser's own body and mind), 2) competence (eliciting the exerciser's "can do" attitude), 3) autonomy (To support an attitude toward exercise in which the exerciser takes the initiative), and 4) relatedness (relating to others). The results suggest that university physical education gymnastics classes are places that bring awareness about the value of exercise, not in comparison with others, and satisfy basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and relatedness).

Parents of children with disabilities' perceptions regarding the quality of interaction with Health professionals working in early intervention: A qualitative descriptive study.

The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of parents of children with physical disabilities concerning the quality of their interaction with health professionals in early intervention programs. Despite the consensus on the need for Patient and Family-Centered Care, there are still difficulties when executing such care. The quality of interaction among patients, families, and professionals is essential to facilitate the implementation of the programs. A qualitative descriptive study with thematic analysis using a Modified Grounded Theory approach. Data were collected through seven focus groups with 28 parents of children with physical disabilities who were undergoing early intervention programs in three centres. The study followed the COREQ guidelines and checklist. Two themes emerged from the experiences: 'exchange of information and education', which included all the activities, procedures, exercises and skills taught by the professionals to help parents care for their child; and 'interpersonal skills', which focused on the way the professional relates with the child and the parents. Several subthemes emerged within each theme. This study identified which elements of the professional-parent interaction are considered by parents when evaluating the quality of their interaction with the health care provider of their children. The results of this study bring to light certain behaviours and interactions that health professionals should consider in order to improve the perceptions of parents of children with disabilities regarding the quality of interaction in the context of early childhood intervention. Parents contributed to the data collected. Early intervention professionals were involved in participant checking to ensure the rigour of the study.

Development Process of Highly Sustainable Comprehensive Community Sports Clubs: Focusing on the Period around 2015

This study focused on highly sustainable comprehensive community sports clubs that collaborate with local stakeholders on regional problems, and clarified their processes for producing sports products and developing club management that led to the creation of products that helped solve regional problems. Interviews were conducted with four individuals: managers and experienced former club advisors of Clubs A and B that met the “sustainable club” criteria. An analysis was conducted by employing Kinoshita’s M-GTA (modified grounded theory approach). This helped design a model diagram to demonstrate the process of creating sport products: a) specific to integrated clubs and b) for solving regional problems ; and to show how the clubs involved themselves in the community based on their size and development stage. It was found that the highly sustainable clubs overcame the resource-constraining environment by not only creating a friendly community through sports but also by leveraging the community of club members with high social capital. This study also suggests that a new market can be developed by shifting the perspective from simply promoting exercise and sports to focusing on community living issues and trying to solve them through sports. These results may contribute to the management knowledge (=innovation) that helps community sports clubs solve regional problems (=sociality) and be profitable (=business) at the same time.

EXPLORING THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF FOOTBALL COACHING BY A PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL COACH: TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH PEDAGOGICAL RESOURCES FOR SPORTS

Globalization has had a significant impact on the field of sports. In Japan, an increasing number of football coaches are looking overseas for career opportunities; however, they face numerous obstacles when attempting to accomplish their goals, including language barriers, cultural adaptation, and competition-specific misalignments. This study aimed to develop language teaching materials specifically designed for football coaches interested in pursuing professional careers abroad in the future. For this purpose, this study conducted a preliminary investigation of how a Japanese football coach interacted in English with players in an academy team of an Australian professional football club. The coaching behavior was analyzed using a qualitative data analysis method called the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA). The results revealed the coach’s training process, which began with an explanation of the purpose and procedure of the training, followed by feedback on the training and temporarily suspending the training to correct the players’ errors. The coach’s unique technique involved using repeated initiation, response, evaluation, and clarification (IRE-C) interactions with the players, primarily questioning them to elicit consideration of methods to enhance their performance, followed by gentle guidance toward a solution.The findings had several pedagogical implications. First, the repeated generic structure and linguistic features identified in the coaching process could form foundational resources for developing ESP materials. Second, rich contextual information surrounding the obtained linguistic data, such as the coach’s mindset and coaching philosophy, could reveal how language is used and help construct meaning in authentic football coaching situations.

Effect of Daily Multidisciplinary Team Reflection in Ambulatory Care: A Qualitative Analysis.

PurposeResearch suggests that daily previsit team huddling leads to improved teamwork, however there are no reports on the effect and mechanism of daily team reflection in primary care practice. To help healthcare professionals to integrate fragmented information and to enhance continuity, we previously developed and implemented a daily multidisciplinary team reflection (DMDTR) approach. The present study aimed to construct a conceptual diagram illustrating how participation in DMDTR influence medical care in an ambulatory clinic.Participants and MethodsIn this qualitative study, we analyzed data from semi-structured interviews (n = 12) conducted with physicians, nurses, and medical assistants who regularly participated in DMDTR. Modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) was adopted as the analysis method, and structure-construction qualitative research method (SCQRM) was used as a meta-theory to determine the number of cases correlatively with the research objectives.ResultsOur conceptual diagram demonstrated that, through DMDTR, team members shared fragmented information to gain a more holistic view of the patient and discuss diverse points of view, a process that resulted in real-time problem solving through collaboration. This team approach showed benefit to each discipline and improves the care attributes of contextuality, coordination, accessibility, accountability, continuity, and comprehensiveness of care.ConclusionWe generated a conceptual diagram showing that DMDTR embodies a team approach that leads to improved care attributes, which results in enhanced quality of primary care.

The Work Experienced in Fostering Posttraumatic Growth Among Parents of Children with Leukemia: A Qualitative Study Using a Modified Grounded Theory Approach

The Work Experienced in Fostering Posttraumatic Growth Among Parents of Children with Leukemia: A Qualitative Study Using a Modified Grounded Theory Approach

Efforts of Health Insurance Pharmacies That Have Begun Accepting Prescriptions of Blood Coagulation Factor Products: Qualitative Analysis Using a Modified-grounded Theory Approach

Efforts of Health Insurance Pharmacies That Have Begun Accepting Prescriptions of Blood Coagulation Factor Products: Qualitative Analysis Using a Modified-grounded Theory Approach

The Process of Thinking During the Care Work of Care Workers1

AbstractOur research aims to clarify the thinking processes involved in care work of care workers who care for the elderly. We conducted interviews with 12 care workers working in an elderly day‐care center and analyzed the data with the Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M‐GTA). As a result, 26 concepts were generated. Next, these concepts were divided into eight categories and further summarized into four central categories. The structure of the care worker's thinking was explained according to four central categories: Think about care attitude, Determine care attitude, Care for the users, and Foundation of care. From these results, we confirmed that care workers attach great importance to maintaining their three central categories of thinking processes and foundation of care to provide quality care to the users. We also confirmed that the three central categories are divided into positive and negative concepts that affect the quality of care for the users. Accordingly, to provide high‐quality care for elderly users, it is necessary to consider the organizational mechanisms that support care workers’ three thinking processes and foundation of care.

A descriptive qualitative case study of the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of pregnant women on Unguja island, Zanzibar, towards antischistosomal treatment

Many countries exclude pregnant and lactating women from mass drug administration (MDA) programmes with praziquantel against schistosomiasis due to historic safety concerns over drug use during gestation and breast feeding. More than 10 years of empirical evidence from the field and a growing body of dedicated research has prompted the World Health Organisation and schistosomiasis control initiatives to advocate the inclusion of this vulnerable group into MDA. This qualitative descriptive case study explored, over a five-week period, the subjective experiences, perceptions, opinions, and attitudes of pregnant women attending government supported clinics on Unguja island, United Republic of Tanzania, towards praziquantel use during pregnancy in MDA programmes. The aim of the study was to identify and determine how to overcome potential barriers to effective use of MDA medications during pregnancy. Additionally, it was to determine trusted communication channels for future messaging and discover behavioural and community opportunities to increase participation of pregnant women in future MDA efforts. A 60 min, semi-structured qualitative interview was undertaken with 25 pregnant women recruited from 4 health centres on Unguja along with testing for Schistosoma haematobium infection. Using a modified-grounded theory approach, narrative data were transcribed, coded and analysed using a thematic analysis of the emergent themes. Women reported that they rely on traditional home remedies to stay healthy during pregnancy. Influenced by their mothers, husbands and neighbours, women predominately made medication choices during pregnancy and breastfeeding based on what they heard at home. Most women had been excluded from government MDA programmes in the past due to pregnancy. Women valued healthcare services for antenatal education and pregnancy advice. Women reported they would trust and follow direction from healthcare providers about taking praziquantel during pregnancy. Antenatal clinics offer an excellent opportunity to educate and expand praziquantel treatment to this cohort. Efforts should be augmented with training for providers and behavioural education for the community as a whole and family members of pregnant women.

Transdisciplinarity in Japanese business communication

Abstract Transdisciplinary collaboration has become one of the most important agendas in the field of Applied Linguistics and professional communication. Investigation into transdisciplinary collaboration has been conducted at the interface of both fields through knowledge transformation and multimethod action research. In Japan, however, investigation into transdisciplinary collaboration or transdisciplinarity still holds great potential for development. As the first step to investigate transdisciplinary collaboration, the author conducted in-depth interviews with eight Japanese business professionals who are also engaged in academic collaboration. The purpose of this study is to understand the challenges and opportunities they are currently facing in transdisciplinary collaboration and to identify shared goals that both applied linguists (academics) and business professionals can explore by focusing on shared language and knowledge transformation in business practice. The whole interview data were analysed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA) (Kinoshita, 2003), in which nine basic concepts were obtained in the Open Coding Stage. These were then categorised into four larger groups in the Selective Coding Stage: (1) the current barriers for transdisciplinarity, (2) integration of theory and practice, (3) sensitivity to common ground, and (4) contribution to Japanese society. After presenting these concepts, the construction of shared language as a theme of collaboration is highlighted in the Discussion section.

地域担当制導入初期の社協職員が住民主体のサロンに関わる変化のプロセス――M-GTAを用いた社協職員へのインタビューデータの分析――

地域担当制導入初期の社協職員が住民主体のサロンに関わる変化のプロセス――M-GTAを用いた社協職員へのインタビューデータの分析――

School librarians’ anticipated support for students with SEN: Using a Modified Grounded Theory Approach

The purpose of this study is examining some suggestions on how school libraries can be involved in Special Needs Education in a helpful way. The Modified Grounded Theory Approach is used as the method for this study. In my analysis I focus on the change in perception of 19 school staff members with respect to changes in the school library function and factors for these changes. Based on the result the school librarian’s anticipated four supports are suggested as follows: providing suitable materials that take into account students’ situation, searching study by team teaching, supporting students’ self-affirmation by sympathetic understanding, and educational support encouraging students’ socialization.

質的研究法としてのグラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ―その特性と分析技法―

質的研究法としてのグラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ―その特性と分析技法―