Modern Ukrainian Society Research Articles

Методичні аспекти викладання аграрної історії кінця ХVIII – першої половини ХІХ ст. у ЗЗСО

Purpose. The purpose of the research involves the optimization of modern methods of teaching the agriculturalhistory of Ukraine (in the late 18th – early 19th century) in the ninth grade of the institutions of general secondary education.Scientific novelty. The author proposes and substantiates the working hypothesis that relatively more filling of educationalprograms with agrarian topics (content), in particular in relation to the end of the 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries,is demanded by science and social needs. Concretely, this expediency is motivated by at least several factors. First of all, theoriginality of the history of Ukraine precisely in the context of the dominance of the agrarian (agricultural) way of life of themajority of the population in it, as well as a rather long period of preservation of the foundations of traditional society in theconditions of its «too slow» modernization (primarily in the mental aspect). Secondly, the challenges facing the Ukrainianpublic in understanding its future historical «depeasantization». Thirdly, the relevance of the research tasks of the «peasantnation» problem, as it is formulated by modern European historiography.Conclusion. The teaching of various aspects of the agrarian history of Ukraine at the end of the late 18th – early 19th centuryin general secondary education institutions was analyzed. The author substantiates the position on preserving the relevanceand significance of teaching the agricultural past at the stage of transition of secondary schools to the New Ukrainian School,based on current legislation, guided by their own long-term professional practice and, moreover, generalized experience offellow teachers. The general result of the study is that in recent decades, interest in the agricultural history of Ukraine hasdeclined markedly, which is not entirely justified, especially given the didactic and educational challenges facing Ukrainiansociety today.The author proposes and substantiates the hypothesis that the state of historical science and modern Ukrainian society is indemand for a «return» to a greater «replenishment» of the curriculum of general secondary education institutions, in particularthe end of the late 18th – early 19th century. This expediency is motivated by several factors. First, the originality of the historyof Ukraine, precisely in the context of the dominance of the agrarian (agricultural) way of life of the majority of the population,a long period of preserving the foundations of traditional society in its «too slow» modernization (especially in the mentalaspect). Secondly, the challenges facing the Ukrainian public in understanding its future historical «resettlement». Third, therelevance of the study of the problem of «peasant nation», as it was formulated in modern European historiography. The authorsees further prospects for methodological improvement in the idea of students acquiring the necessary competencies based onthe creation of interdisciplinary knowledge.The proposed theoretical and practical perspectives of the study give reason to believe that teaching the history of Ukrainein general secondary education, especially in the context of its agricultural component, needs significant correction. The authorconsiders it expedient to significantly transform the content of this discipline, paying attention to the new methodologicalsupport of this process.

ПРОБЛЕМИ БІЛІНГВІЗМУ В СУЧАСНОМУ УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ЗАРОДЖЕННЯ ТА ЕТАПІВ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ МОВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

The article examines the problematic issues of the spread of bilingualism in modern Ukrainian society through the prism of the origin and stages of implementation of the state language policy. It was established that the history of our state quite often intersected with the history of many other ethnic groups, namely: Russian, Polish, European, as well as Crimean Tatar, but scientists have not yet determined a clear and integral image of the society of the Ukrainian state in its historical retrospect. The article emphasized that the path to the establishment of the Ukrainian language as the state language was quite difficult and long, because with each decline of statehood, the Ukrainian language was oppressed by the occupying state, which had a negative impact on the language situation in modern Ukraine. The article contains an overview of the prevalence of the socio-linguistic situation in society, which consists in the coexistence and interaction of two languages (in our case, Ukrainian and Russian) in the environment of one language group. Therefore, attention was focused on the fact that the loss of the stable position of the language in society, and with it the sense of national dignity, can lead to the disappearance of the number of the people at a time when the direct development of the corresponding features, and even a small nation, will help to protect itself from the penetration of foreign language, as well as the threat of absorption, the instinct of self-preservation is activated, which begins to resist at the right moment.

ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНІ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПОРІВНЯЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ПІДХОДІВ ФРАНЧЕСКО ГВІЧЧАРДИНІ І НІККОЛО МАКІАВЕЛЛІ У РАМКАХ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ «ДЕРЖАВНОГО ІНТЕРЕСУ» ТА ТЕОРІЇ АБСОЛЮТИЗМУ

In the presented article, the author defends the idea that the argumentation system of Quentin Skinner (Quentin Robert Duthie Skinner), Maurizio Viroli (Maurizio Viroli) regarding the methodological foundations of the origin of the political theory of Niccolo Machiavelli in The Sovereign cannot cast doubt on the approach of the German-American political philosopher Leo Strauss (Leo Strauss). The same emphasis is proposed to be used for the most part in the final value judgments regarding the meaning of the “Sovereign” within the framework of the problems of “state interest” (raison d’état) and the theory of absolutism. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of the concept of the British historian Nicholas Henshall are comprehensively considered. It is argued, with the involvement of a wide background of historiographical assessments and methodological remarks, the productivity in the general historical context of a comparative analysis of the positions of Machiavelli and Guicciardini in the framework of the analysis of the theory of absolutism. The further development of the theory of absolutism, presented within the framework of social and political thought by the works of, first of all, Thomas Hobbes allows us to see a direct relationship with Machiavellianism as a phenomenon. The analysis of the positions of the representatives of British historiography on the studied issue shows the characteristic features of their evaluations of the interesting author of the issue. Thus, Nicholas Henschel in the work “The Myth of Absolutism” bypasses the analysis of “The Prince”, which would add an additional possibility in substantiating the insufficient character of the theory of absolute power. However, it seems to us that Henschel was perfectly aware in his work that it is difficult to blame the author of “The Sovereign” for the lack of justification of the goal in the expressed theory of absolute power. Turning to the comparative analysis of the positions of political thinkers of the Italian Renaissance is of significant interest for modern Ukrainian society in a practical sense. The Italian political crisis of the specified period was reflected in the persistent search by the best minds of the Renaissance era for ways out of it, a thorough understanding of the historical and political reality that surrounded Italians. The result was the emergence of impressive theoretical generalizations of key aspects of historical development. The author comes to the conclusion that without Machiavelli, the ideology of absolutism, which was further developed in the works of the same Thomas Hobbes, could not have received its inherent conceptual outlines. In order to accomplish this, Machiavelli had to make a break with the classical tradition of political philosophy, just as the formation of a centralized state required the concentration of political power in the hands of the monarch, that is, a break with the feudal tradition of political thinking in general.

Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust: OUN and UPA's Participation in the Destruction of Ukrainian Jewry, 1941–1944 by John-Paul Himka

Reviewed by: Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust: OUN and UPA's Participation in the Destruction of Ukrainian Jewry, 1941–1944 by John-Paul Himka Ilya Gerasimov (bio) John-Paul Himka, Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust: OUN and UPA's Participation in the Destruction of Ukrainian Jewry, 1941–1944 (Stuttgart: ibidem, 2021). 505 pp. Bibliography. Place and Name Index. ISBN: 978-3-8382-1548-8. This book review was to have been written by a different reviewer a year ago. The reviewer eventually decided not to write a review, but never explained the reasons for this. Besides issues of professional ethics, there might be a political reason for such sabotage, at least after February 24, 2022. With the Russian Federation unleashing a genocidal war against Ukraine under the absurd pretext of its denazification, some may see a discussion of the dark pages in Ukraine's past as facilitating Russian propaganda and undermining the Ukrainian cause in general. If so, it is flawed logic. If anything set post-Soviet Ukraine apart from Russia over the past two decades, it was not the rule of law or the level of corruption but a discussion of Ukrainian society's complicity in World War II–era genocides – the Holocaust and the so-called Volhynian massacre of Poles. Even if inconsistent and halfhearted, public debates of these traumatic events in Ukraine were matched in Putin's Russian Federation by a total denial of its own rich genocidal past at the expense of Soviet history's hysterical glorification. Russia's denialism went as far as to repudiate responsibility for episodes that were officially recognized as criminal by Soviet officialdom back in 1990, such as the Katyn massacre of Polish prisoners in 1940. Russia's Memorial Society, the main custodian of historical memory of Soviet terror and its perpetrators, was legally and illegally harassed for years until it was required by the Supreme Court to shut down in 2021 and was officially outlawed in 2022. Systematic retrospective populism – the glorification of the righteous Soviet nation in the past – has evolved into full-scale domestic Nazism, as the Soviet has increasingly become identified with ethnically Russian, and a revival of the Russian-Soviet idealized community has become the ultimate political priority. By contrast, a critical or at least skeptical attitude to Ukrainian nationalism of the 1940s has prevented modern Ukrainian society from embracing organicist nationalism, even in the face of Russia's creeping aggression since 2014.1 When Russia unleashed open war against Ukraine in February [End Page 339] 2022, the diverse politics of history in the two countries became a major factor in drawing a clear-cut distinction between the Ukrainian and Russian sides as moral and immoral, humane and inhumane. Therefore, the publication of Himka's book discussing the painful topic of participation in the Holocaust by Ukrainian champions of national independence – the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) – is the best testimony to the Ukrainian culture's antifascist potential. The fact that the book by a prominent Canadian scholar was published not by a Canadian university press and especially not by a Ukrainian Canadian academic one, but by the German ibidem-Verlag – regardless of the author's own intentions – is a troubling sign. Likewise, potential reviewers' obvious inclination to shy away from discussing the book tells volumes about the state of the field of Ukrainian history. Namely, it is decades ahead of the history of the Soviet-German war as it is written in the Russian Federation or in America, where almost equally uncritical eulogies of the Soviet war effort are produced. Yet it is decades behind the German history of World War II or the way America's controversial past is treated by historians in the United States. Fully aware of the politically charged potential of his topic, John-Paul Himka, a professor emeritus of history at the University of Alberta, went out of his way to produce an impartial and factually bulletproof narrative. The book's style and composition are reminiscent of early twentieth-century positivist historiography. It is demonstratively empiricist and opens with the chapters "Historiography" and "Sources," which is almost unheard of in modern historical monographs. Given...

Урізноманітнення лекцій з історії зарубіжної літератури у закладах вищої освіти педагогічного спрямування (на матеріалі творчості Бруно Шульца)

In this scientific study, the experience acquired at the Philological Faculty of Donbas State Pedagogical University (Sloviansk, Ukraine) in the diversification of lectures on History of Foreign Literature based on the material of the creative work of one of the most original Polish writers of the 20th century, Bruno Schulz, is discussed. The author of the paper has proposed and characterized the following forms of diversification of lectures on Foreign Literature in institutions of higher education: prospective and anticipatory cognitive tasks of the lecture, among which tasks of a biographical or literary nature are distinguished; multifaceted independent home pre-lecture studies, in particular of a creative nature; registration and organization of the lecture passport; innovative book lecture exhibitions; “translation laboratory” as a structural component of the lecture; graphic organizers; online tours as fragments of a lecture; speeches of higher education applicants in the role of a lecturer; reception of “mirror audience”; musical accompaniment of individual parts of the lecture, etc. All these (and not only) forms, techniques / methods of organizing university lectures are characterized in detail in the applied aspect: numerous options for diversifying lectures on History of Foreign Literature on the basis of the study of the biography and creative heritage of the original and extraordinary Bruno Schulz, a talented and mysterious Galician writer of the first half of the 20th century. Each lecturer’s creation of his/her teaching system is a continuous process that never ends. The lecturer must listen to himself/herself, his/her intuition and mood, which tells him/her about the effectiveness of certain forms, techniques/methods of organizing lecture classes, because he/she has an orientation towards training specialists of the new generation, capable of active professional life under the conditions of innovative development of modern Ukrainian society.

Соціологічний вимір міграційних процесів в сучасному українському суспільстві

The article examines the migration processes of modern Ukrainian society using sociological methodology. The paper analyzes the disposition of migration processes in the first years of Ukrainian independence and the phenomenon of positive migration balance, which was recorded in Ukraine in the period from 1991 to 1994. The article analyzes the main reasons and channels through which migration took place in the first years of restored Ukrainian independence. Using the methodology of structural functionalism, the process of forming the historical social memory of Ukrainians through the prism of difficult and unsuccessful socio-economic transformations of young social institutions and their dysfunctional crisis is described. The article examines the role of labor migration in the framework of active migration processes throughout the period of restored Ukrainian independence and its main causes and vectors. The article examines migration processes that intensified in 2014 after the annexation of Crimea and anti-terrorist operation and environmental protection operations in some Donetsk and Luhansk regions and the role of internally displaced persons in social institutions and social processes of modern Ukrainian society. The current sociological research on migration issues is analyzed and conclusions are made and forecasts are made on the further development of migration processes in Ukraine, in particular, the relevance of propensity and possible emigration among young people is studied. The article analyzes the trend of immigration to Ukraine of citizens of developed countries of the Arab world and authoritarian countries of the post-Soviet world. The article proposes social mechanisms for equalizing the migration balance in the short and medium term, which focus on the formation of medium and long-term national migration policy and raising social policy standards in the country and implementing an active national migration policy. Key words: migration; migration balance; fourth wave of Ukrainian migration; social institutions; sociological analysis of migration processes.

THE PHENOMENON OF COMPETENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM

Introduction. In the conditions of formation of modern Ukrainian society the problem of training of competent pedagogical specialists, capable at a high intellectual and creative level to organize the process of mastering knowledge, based on their own professional skills and ability to creative self-realization, is acute. Nowadays, specialists are highly valued who have established professional qualities, have a developed general culture, consistency of speech, logic of thinking. The need to increase the professional training of future teachers – specialists in the field of education – is also due to the growing demands on the level of general cultural and special training of youth, changing educational paradigms. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to effectively provide strategic objectives for higher education within the modern paradigm of humanitarian knowledge, which face Ukraine in the new socio-cultural conditions. Results. The article highlights the real state of the problem of training competent pedagogical specialists who are able to organize the process of mastering quality knowledge at a high intellectual and creative level. Much attention is focused on the concepts of educational paradigm and paradigmatic analysis of educational processes. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a system of competencies that corresponds to the main activities of the individual. Emphasis is placed on the special importance of the rational construction of the educational process in general and the learning process in higher education in particular. The essential signs of the need to increase the professional training of future teachers, specialists in the field of education, which is also due to the growing demands for the level of general and special training of youth, changing educational paradigms. Originality. The process of education, which is an environment of communication and involvement in world values, achievements of science and technology, is analyzed. The socialization of the individual in relation to the formation of his spirituality and worldview, value orientations and moral principles is revealed. Conclusion. The real result of higher education should be holistic dynamic thinking, based on the ability to use discursive-logical, intuitive and holistic-dynamic (collective and figurative-intuitive) methods in solving various life, production, social, universal problems. Thus, the new vision of higher education prospects points to the key values of creating a new integrated educational paradigm: humanization, human dimension, compliance with the requirements of a globalized society.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА ГАРМОНІЗАЦІЯ МОЛОДІ У ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ЧАСО-ПРОСТОРІ

The article considers the description of the developed training program, which is aimed at optimizing the political behavior of young people and neutralizing the potential of their political conflict. It is determined that neutralizing the potential of political conflict among young people requires a number of measures, in particular, at the stage of providing educational services, which should include both educational and counseling activities aimed at optimizing the political behavior of young people. It is proved that an effective mechanism to counteract this and neutralize the destructive influences of extremist organizations is to increase the political culture and maturity of the political identity of the younger generation, namely the development of its political activity in line with democratic initiatives and political identity of the younger generation. stimulating youth participation. And the main forms of implementation of this are the involvement of young people in public administration, namely the internship of students in order to develop the necessary professional qualities and prepare for further work in local governments. It is also important to involve the most active youth representatives in community councils or advisory bodies, which will also help them to develop the professional skills needed to work in this field. It is determined that, given the multinational and multi-religious composition of modern Ukrainian society, it is especially important to hold mass events aimed at forming a tolerant attitude of young people to different cultures and traditions and non-acceptance of any manifestations of intolerance and discrimination. It was found that the most effective socio-psychological tool for harmonizing the political behavior of young people is to conduct appropriate training aimed at forming a mature political culture that will provide a tolerant attitude and constructive ways to overcome political contradictions and conflicts. The developed program of socio-psychological training, aimed at harmonizing the political behavior of young people and neutralizing conflicts in the political space, includes the following 5 sessions. The study concludes that the implementation of this training program will increase the maturity of political identity of young people and, as a result of optimizing their political behavior and developing skills of constructive interaction in society in situations of political contradictions and conflicts, significantly reduce their potential for political conflict.

Environmental education and the formation of ecological consciousness in the structure of professional training: theoretical aspect

The article reveals the theoretical aspects of environmental education and environmental awareness in the structure of professional training. It is noted that the state of the environment and the ecological crisis actualize the need for the development of environmental awareness and culture through the prism of environmental education for modern Ukrainian society. The article also analyzes several interpretations of the concept of "ecological consciousness". As a result of this, It is concluded that the individual ecological consciousness is understood as the highest level of individual’s reflection of the environment and reality, which ensures the harmonious coexistence and interaction of man and nature. The signs, structure, and main properties of the individual ecological consciousness are specified. It is indicated that its development takes place throughout a person's life, but in older youth, this process becomes especially intensive in connection with the acquisition of professional education, which sets personal worldview guidelines and principles of attitude to the environment. Environmental education plays an important role in the formation of a person's ecological consciousness. It is a complex process, that is designed to form a person's responsibility for the preservation and renewal of nature, to realize its vital value in practice. As a result of environmental education, environmental knowledge is transformed into environmental beliefs, the development of environmental skills, and environmental behavior. Education for sustainable development should contribute to the further spread of the teaching of the subject "Social ecology" in higher education institutions that train specialists in socionomic professions. In conclusion, It is determined that by forming an ecological worldview, we form an ecologically conscious and responsible personality of the future specialist, thereby providing a path to the sustainable development of our country.

ІННОВАЦІЯ ЯК ТРЕНД РОЗВИТКУ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ: ДОСВІД США

The aim of the study was to analyze some educational innovations in secondary education in the United States with a projection on the Ukrainian education system in terms of its reform and integration into the world educational space. Based on scientific analysis, the concept of educational innovation is specified. It is stated that innovation is not only an innovation but also the ability to think anew, to rethink existing theories and rules. The issue of financing educational innovations has been updated. The results of the introduction of an educational voucher in the US secondary education system on the example of individual states and the impact of the voucher system on the formation of the competitiveness of secondary education and improving the quality of educational services are studied. The results of Indiana’s largest school voucher program, Indiana’s Indiana Choice Scholarships program, are reviewed. The concept of the «digital divide» in the context of the transition to distance learning is studied. It is substantiated that for modern Ukrainian society the most important task is to develop promising guidelines for development and effective practices of educational innovations, reforming the educational system by transforming it into an effective model of education that would meet international standards. It is concluded that the digitalization of education requires appropriate technical and information support, including the development and implementation of a national IT strategy, ensuring equal access to e-learning resources, the formation of digital competence in students and teachers. Recommendations are offered that may be a prospect for the development of general secondary education in Ukraine based on the positive experience of the United States

Critical thinking as "soft skill" for the human of the xxi century

Recently, such phrases as logical thinking, analytical thinking and critical thinking have come into common use. These concepts are becoming more and more relevant every day, because these are the necessary skills of a modern person who wants to succeed. The changes that are taking place in the industrial, socio-economic, cultural and other spheres marked changes in the way of thinking, formed a different worldview, changed the attitude to activities that transform the world and society. The challenge for a person of the XXI century is the constant transformation and adaptation of one's own thinking to the thinking of others, while not forgetting about truth, clarity, accuracy and comprehensibility. Critical thinking is a complex dynamic process in which a person, using his or her "ration", learns to question information, put forward theses, look for their confirmation, find weak and strong arguments, and most importantly, make balanced and informed decisions. We must recognize that thinking is a highly complex psychological process without which human existence is impossible, thinking provides the cognitive process in humans, but also transforms and improves knowledge in the course of historical and cultural development of man. Along with the historical self-improvement of thinking, there are such qualities of thinking as criticality and logic. Critical thinking requires certain skills, namely the ability to identify contradictions and contradictions, as well as to find reliable conclusions, and to build their thoughts on the basis of facts and knowledge. The phrase "critical thinking" is understood as the ability to apply all of the above in practice, that is, to justify, analyze, interpret, evaluate and make informed conclusions. A modern person should question the established opinions and judgments, should be able to competently and reasonably conduct a dialogue, determine the essence of the problem and look for alternative solutions, it should be necessary to be able to distinguish the fact that can always be confirmed from assumptions and personal subjective opinion, which is why this article is devoted to the analysis of critical thinking in the education system of Ukraine, which is important for modern Ukrainian society.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КИТАЄЗОВАНОГО МАРКСИЗМУ ТА ЙОГО СУЧАСНИХ СОЦІОКУЛЬТРНИХ ІМПЛІКАЦІЙ

The article presents the authors' methodology for the study of Chinese Marxism and its ideological and philosophical principles, as well as the potential impact of this direction on the humanitarian development of modern Ukrainian society. The authors substantiated the integral methodological task, which consists of the implementation of a comparative typological analysis of the philosophical foundations of Sinicized Marxism with modern European Marxist philosophical schools and "Soviet" Marxism. The article confirms that a more effective approach in the study of the socio-cultural implications of modern Sinicized Marxism is (1) the study of the process of "Sinicization" of Marxism; (2) study and evaluation of existing and potential strategies for the implementation of Sinicized Marxism in the practices of intercultural communication (One Belt, One Road Initiative) and the education system; (3) analysis of the philosophical and ideological content and practical goals of the humanitarian part of China's international One Belt, One Road Initiative, development of a methodology for assessing the benefits and risks of its implementation for European countries and Ukraine.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF YOUTH WITH DISABILITIES

Introduction. The integration of youth with disabilities, as well as their inclusion in a full and active life, is an important stage in the development of modern Ukrainian society. Accordingly, the values of inclusion, its principles and ideas provide that no person should be separated from society, and the status of a disabled person cannot deprive one of the opportunity to be a full member of society. Despite the positive experience of solving important youth issues, in Ukraine there are also challenges for young people with disabilities, related to the need for self-realization and development of their potential, which affects the ability to be an independent, sustainable, active member of the community. The relevance of the issue of inclusion of young people with disabilities in life in society is related both to the psychological characteristics of the individual (shyness, isolation, avoidance of failure, inability to adapt to new circumstances, imperfection of social and communication skills, etc.), and to their lack of active life position and the development of dependent tendencies (insufficient formation of prosocial motives for behavior, reluctance to change one’s own life or fear of change). The reduced activity of young people with disabilities, in a certain way, is related to barriers that prevent people of this category from receiving such services as health care, education, professional employment, active leisure, mobility, as well as access to information resources, etc. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of social activity of young people with special educational needs in the process of obtaining an education and in extracurricular activities. Achieving the set goal was facilitated by solving the following tasks: – disclosure of the concept of «social activity»; – consideration of the factors of formation of social activity of student youth of different levels; – determination of specific features of the formation of social activity of youth with disabilities. Results. The factors of the formation of social activity of student youth at the macro level (levels of society), meso level (levels of the educational environment) and micro level (personal level) are analyzed. Modern priority vectors of theoretical and practical experience of scientists regarding the issue of formation of social activity in the process of socialization of the individual under the direct influence of a complex of external and internal factors are outlined. The specifics of the activity and activity of students with disabilities in the process of studying at a higher education institution and in extracurricular activities have been clarified. Ways of formation and development of social activity of young people with health disorders are proposed.

Телепростір Черкащини під час Помаранчевої революції: спроба оцінки експертного середовища

Introduction. The author’s interest in the proposed problem as a separate aspect of the study is due to her general interest in the particularly important role of the media in Ukrainian society in recent decades. The assessment of the expert environment of the Ukrainian television space during the Orange Revolution (2004) is designed to clarify both the role of the media in the events of that time and to show the general trend of democratic processes in this environment sensitive to any transformational changes. To better understand the problem, the author conducted a comparative analysis of the expert environment in a dual approach: on the one hand, she compared Cherkasy with other regions (Luhansk, etc.), on the other, as she could reconcile pro-government and opposition content of the phenomenon. This made it possible to clarify the main, the most significant characteristics of the media’s adaptation to the new socio-political and informational realities associated with Ukraine’s exit from the post-Soviet state. Purpose. Author craves to clarify one of the west researched problem of the Orange revolution – representation of events in the television space, having chosen for this one of the relatively «calm» regions – Cherkasy region. Results. Media (television) space with which Ukrainian society, him socially active part entered in revolution what named «Orange», was surprising corrupt, adjustable, in general, pro-government. Expect from such media comprehensive support of those in demand time of change – it was not necessary. However, experience of Cherkasy region (and others regions) showed, that many things worked out «to arrange» already in progress unfolding events. It was caused in particular by fact of involvement to the revolutionary movement of many influential politicians and businessmen. It turned out so, that some of them slowed down democratic processes and other helped them. In general, perturbations in the television space in the period of Orange revolution were rather a tribute of time, caused by logic and nature of population resistance. This among other things meant qualitative changes, which covered the Ukrainian journalism in general, and Cherkasy in particular, at least in terms of media space. The fact, that there were quietly used on television different views, gaves reason to think, that democratic changes, the emergence of independent journalism, acquire a steady trend. Conclusion. Comprehensive assessment expert environment of TV space period of the Orange revolution, testified, that in the conditions democratization of socio-political life, Ukrainian journalist as such, was able to perfome together with the information function, also the function of criticism and social control. All together testified steady trend of formation in the first decade of 21-t century democratic principles of modern Ukrainian society.

The Origins of the Formation of the Worldview and Sociocultural Positions of Sofia Rusova, as Well as the Principles of the Development of Her Civil Activity

Undoubtedly, with her idea and practice of socially useful service and patriotic consciousness, Sofia Rusova is rightfully considered by modern Ukrainian society and the world community as one of the outstanding figures in the history of Ukraine. Not the least role in the development of his personality was played by a number of key factors associated with the socio-cultural environment in which Sofia Rusova grew up and actively positioned herself and the socio-political transformations in the Russian Empire and the Russian State in the last third of the XIX – first third of the XX century.
 The study of the process of the formation of Sofia Rusova as a person and her involvement in social activities, along with the study of the specifics of the corresponding period in the history of Ukraine and the course of its events, will complement the general historical picture of the development of the then Ukrainian society.

ADOLESCENT DRUG ADDICTION IN UKRAINE: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS. Review

Relevance. The relevance is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents, and the lack of attention by parents to the study of this problem, and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Currently, the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs have not been sufficiently identified and studied.
 Objective: to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate Ukrainian adolescents to start using drugs.
 Methods. Analysis of publications from scientometric electronic databases by keywords. Search depth - 18 years (2001-2018).
 Results. The social factors that influence the spread of adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine include the decline in the general standard of living in the country over the past 25-30 years; mass unemployment among the population, lack of life prospects for a large part of the country's population; the spread of the AIDS epidemic among the population (the number of drug addicts among HIV-infected reaches 80%); the growth of crime in modern Ukrainian society and the associated availability of drugs. Also, the indifference of modern Ukrainian society to the existing problem; the absence of a state program to prevent the spread of drugs among adolescents with the mandatory registration of new drug addicts, and the presence in the high school curriculum of special lessons that explain the essence of the problem and ways to solve it.
 Factors of a psychological nature that affect the spread of adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine include: inattention of parents to this problem, lack of preventive work in families to reverse trends in drug use by adolescents; bad microclimate in the families of adolescent drug addicts, the indifference of parents to children's problems; alcoholism of parents in the families of young drug addicts; the example of friends who started using drugs at a young age; the desire of adolescents to try new sensations; the inability of adolescents to understand for themselves the harm that drugs can potentially do to them and their organism.
 Conclusions. Problems in families are a major reason for modern children to use drugs.

INCLUSIVE ORIENTATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

Under the influence of global processes of humanization, modern Ukrainian society is changing its attitude towards people with disabilities. These changes can be seen as overcoming social and educational barriers.One of these barriers is the traditional division of education into general secondary and special (correctional), which are represented by segregation institutions. But the modern approach to the development of education breaks down this barrier.Integration processes into the European community determine the urgency of the problem of inclusive education. It is primarily due to the fact that the number of children in need of remedial education is growing steadily. The emergence of the ideology of inclusive education is due to the need to improve the system of organization of children’s education. This improvement is to create a single educational space for each child.The term “inclusion” differs from the terms “integration” and “segregation”. With inclusion, all stakeholders must be actively involved to achieve the desired result. Recognizing the value of inclusive education, it is necessary to take into account certain factors that hinder the implementation of the ideas of inclusive education. We believe that this is primarily not a tolerant attitude of the population to children with disabilities, psychological unwillingness to accept these children as full members of society. But despite the emerging disputes and disagreements, the system of inclusive education is an effective mechanism for the development of an inclusive society. This is the key to inclusive education. Rejecting all misunderstandings, we can say that inclusive education is education for all, regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other characteristics. It gives the opportunity to join the general process of learning and education (development and socialization), which then allows an adult to become an equal member of society. In general, an inclusive form of education and upbringing is a long-term strategy.The development of inclusive education in Ukraine requires the creation of a barrier-free environment that includes physical and psychological components. Special work with the use of additional education resources on the organization of interaction of children with and without disabilities, aimed at harmonizing children’s relationships; creating an atmosphere of emotional comfort and mutual acceptance. By changing society’s attitude towards children with disabilities, the process of integrating such children into secondary schools will gain popularity and become successful. A well-organized inclusive education will help parents of children to look at the phenomenon of integration in a new way and provide evidence that children with disabilities will not only not harm their children to full development, but will also provide additional opportunities.

Формування правил мовленнєвого етикету молодших школярів у світлі ідей Івана Огієнка та концепції нової української школи

In the conditions of modern Ukrainian society, the primary school teacher faces the problem of acquiring the spiritual heritage of his nation and using it in the process of formation of junior pupils’ national-language personality. In this regard, the question of learning the scientifi c heritage of Ukrainian scientists of the past and present is of great importance, especially in the process of New Ukrainian school development. Among the important and bright outstanding fi gures in Ukrainian culture and pedagogy, Ivan Ohiienko, known as a prominent fi gure in science and education, takes a special place. His scientifi c works contain a number of recommenda-tions and advice on the content, forms, methods and means of education, the use of which will contribute to the improvement of the primary education system. According to Ivan Ohiienko’s ideas, the tasks of primary education are realized fi rst of all through learning and understanding of the native language, history and national traditions. I. Ohiienko believed that only a competent teacher, aimed at self-improve-ment, can properly ensure the intellectual and spiritual development of the young generation. The teacher occupies a central place in the pedagogical process in the case of the pupil’s positive attitude to him, and aff ects the child’s consciousness, subconscious and feelings. Modern teacher has to rethink his own position in the educational process, up-date his professional thinking, focus on self-education and systematic analysis of his own teaching activities, tracking the eff ectiveness of their work through a monitoring system. The new teacher should teach children activity, teamwork skills, when they can complement each other, stimulate their self-development and self-improvement.

El Fenómeno del votante ucraniano moderno: esencia, peculiaridades y tendencias de su desarrollo

The article reveals the peculiarities of the modern Ukrainian voter as a special phenomenon in political science. The main objective of the research is to form a portrait of the modern voter based on data from some sociological surveys, as well as to address the emergence and formation of the image of a desirable candidate for the voter. Historical and statistical analysis methods as well as the comparison method were used. In the results they emphasize that in the personality of the voter we will understand a subject who makes a conscious choice of that political figure that he (the voter) considers capable of solving urgent problems of life, both State and of his person. In this regard, the focus is on revealing the moods in modern Ukrainian society, to describe the image of "an ideal candidate" in the eyes of a modern voter. Special attention was paid to personality as an integral element of the socio-political space and the worldview of the political and electoral sphere. It is concluded that the historical context is very important in the formation of the Ukrainian political environment, which makes us glimpse analytically the peculiarities of the meaning of the act of suffrage.

Public dialogue as a way to create an inclusive touristic space (on the example of “K. I. Shulzhenko museum” MIC)

The relevance of the article. An important problem of modern Ukrainian society is small number of inclusive spaces, what complicates the process of socialization of young people with disabilities. Prevailing forms of mentality in Ukraine (charitable, administrative, magical) do not provide an opportunity to adequately solve this problem. Only a humanistic, dialogue­based model of mentality will contribute to the creation of a true inclusive in the society.
 The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for the formation of a local tourism inclusive space on the example of “Klavdiia Shulzhenko Museum”.
 The methodology. The work is a practice research based on the principles of the philosophy of dialogue, devoted to the search for practical ways to implement a humanistic model of social development in a particular enterprise of tourist infrastructure. The use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, genera­lization) and special methods (modeling) is deter­mined by the purpose and objectives of the study.
 The results. Based on the analysis of successful examples of the formation of inclusive space in Ukrainian museums, a step­by­step plan for the transformation of space in the direction of inclusion for the “Klavdiia Shulzhenko Museum”. For the first stage, it is important to create a space for dialogue with the target audience and establish cooperation in the working group. For the second — cooperation for creating the excursions. The next stage is the transformation of infrastructure.
 The practical significance. The article is a theoretical base for practical museum projects, in which young people with disabilities are actively involved in society, visitors without disabilities will understand that young people with disabilities have high potential and are able to actively participate in society; creates a positive social discourse of acceptance, favorable for the socialization of young people with disabilities.
 Conclusion. Since the problem of transformation of society in the direction of inclusion is not belongs exclusively for Kharkiv, it is has meaning to use successful world and Ukrainian cases. Since infrastructural problems are the result of existing mental attitudes, they can be solved through changes in mentality (establishing public dialogue), rather than government directives. For Kharkiv, the Municipal Institution of Culture “K. I. Shulzhenko Museum” is a place with significant social and cultural potential. Given the creation of an inclusive space in the museum, it can become one of the outposts of socialization of young people with disabilities, but also — to promote the formation of a positive image of people with disabilities in society. The solution of this task can take the form of cooperation with NGOs and further joint project activities.