Modern Work Research Articles

The Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation concerning the Ideals of our Ancestors and Faith in God as the Basis for Sustainable Development of Russia

The paper, based on the analysis of research works of famous modern and pre-revolutionary constitutional scholars, philosophers, as well as the provisions of the Constitution of Russia, current legislation and law enforcement practice, shows the problems of sustainable development of Russia arising from the excessive reliance of mankind on environment and the global intensification of socio-economic development. The author determines new prospects for their resolution implementing the provisions of the Amendment included in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 and devoted to the ideals of our ancestors and faith in God as the basis of sustainable development, which are based on spiritual and moral values tested in practice by our ancestors during many centuries of the national statehood. Special attention is paid to the examination of the interaction and interrelation between the norms of religion, morality and law in creating a qualitative basis for sustainable development through the unity and social solidarity of the man, state institutions and civil society in ensuring the continuity of the statehood of Russia.

Research on the Impact of Human-Computer Interaction Design on Employees’ Creativity and Innovation Ability in Work Scenarios

The importance of human-computer interaction design in modern work environments is gradually being recognized. More and more companies are realizing that excellent human-computer interaction design can enhance employees’ creativity and innovation ability. This article will discuss this topic and explore the impact of human-computer interaction design in work scenarios on employees’ creativity and innovation ability.

MOBY-DICK, MODERNISM AND THE “POST-DEATH” NARRATION

There is a peculiar tendency among many first-person Modernist narrators to simulate the narrative perspective of “posthumousness” (as if these accounts were somehow narrated by the dead). The procedure (that could be termed the “post-death narration”) seems to be present in various proto-modernist and Modernist works such as Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom!, T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land, etc. This narrative perspective is entwined with the trauma discourse, and the article argues that some of the best-known Modernist techniques (like the stream of consciousness) are based on the Gothic model of spectral narration. In the works of the genre, ghosts are often portrayed as traumatized, incommunicative, and disoriented “shattered selves” eternally entrapped in the closed space of a single, repetitive traumatic memory. This also seems to be the case with many Modernist narrators. The article shows various ways this genre convention of the Gothic has been (re)used in Modernist storytelling. Furthermore, the “post-death narration” could also be interpreted as a “symptom” of extreme subjectivity and epistemic frustration (which are typical features of Modernist narration in general). It is also claimed that the narrative perspective of “posthumousness” was first employed in Melville's Moby-Dick and that Ishmael, the narrator of the novel, could be seen as the “prototype” of this kind of Modernist “post-death” narration.

Multitasking in Complex Environments: An Attempt to Generalize Individual Differences in Multitasking to a Realistic Task Setting

Multitasking is a common feature of many modern work and home environments, and this study investigated the relationship between multitasking performance in two different paradigms: a more controlled task-switching paradigm (TSWP) and a more complex, semi-ecologically valid multitasking paradigm (SynWin). The study also explored whether parallel processors may have performance advantages in a complex dual-task environment. Results showed no significant correlation between individual multitasking efficiency in the TSWP and SynWin paradigms. Additionally, the results indicated that the combination of subtasks was the primary factor affecting performance in dual-task variants of the SynWin, rather than the use of a parallel processing mode. We conclude that there may be constraints with respect to the experimental conditions necessary to generalize findings from controlled multitasking paradigms to semi-ecologically valid tasks scenarios. Future research should prioritize efforts to understand how people multitask in more realistic settings and the underlying cognitive processes involved.

Trust in Management and Work Flexibility: A Quantitative Investigation of Modern Work Dynamics and their Impact on Organizational Performance

Trust in Management and Work Flexibility: A Quantitative Investigation of Modern Work Dynamics and their Impact on Organizational Performance

Too old for modern work? An explicit and implicit measure of the modern-work-is-young stereotype

With organizational practices such as working from home, agile project management, and shared leadership, the world of work is becoming increasingly dynamic and flexible. Simultaneously, the workforce in most industrialized nations is getting older. We hypothesized that both an explicit and implicit stereotype exists that associates modern work practices (MWP) more strongly with younger workers than with older workers (i.e. modern-work-is-young stereotype). With a focus on other-stereotyping, we surveyed participants who identified as younger or middle-aged workers ( N = 186). Based on the contact hypothesis, we assumed that contact to older coworkers and contact with MWP are negatively related to both explicit and implicit endorsement of the modern-work-is-young stereotype. Furthermore, we examined differences in résumé evaluations for a job involving MWP, presenting an older and a younger hypothetical applicant. The results indicate the existence of a moderate explicit as well as implicit modern-work-is-young stereotype. The proposed contact hypothesis held true for the explicit but not for the implicit modern-work-is-young stereotype. Lastly, the younger applicant received significantly more positive evaluations than the older applicant, and only the explicit modern-work-is-young stereotype predicted the extent of age discrimination. The results suggest that the explicit modern-work-is-young stereotype can harm older employees and hamper intergenerational collaboration. These findings are especially important in times of demographic change, when workforces are becoming increasingly age-heterogeneous and retaining older workers seems more important than ever.

Mining under the canopy: Unveiling the archaeo-mining record in the Colline Metallifere with LiDAR analysis and multidisciplinary studies

The study of ancient disused mining contexts in the Mediterranean region is particularly challenging due to the impact of modern reclamation works and the presence of dense vegetation, which impede the application of conventional archaeological research methods.Pivoting on the multidisciplinary approach driven by the ERC nEU-Med project to the study of historical landscapes, and thanks to a new LiDAR survey promoted by the project in 2019, new investigations were carried out in ancient and modern mining contexts in the territory of Colline Metallifere (southern Tuscany, Italy). The district is renowned for its important metal deposits characterized by copper, lead, zinc and silver vein bodies that have been mined since the Bronze Age, with a particularly intense phase of exploitation during the Medieval period. The primary objective of the LiDAR DTM analysis was to map features and delineate the characteristics of the archaeo-mining landscape in five densely vegetated contexts. The analysis revealed numerous novel evidence related to mining activities (574 within the five territorial samples analyzed in this contribution), of which 72% were also inspected through fieldwalking surveys. These features have been interpreted by means of archaeological surveys, documentary research and statistical and spatial analysis. A particular focus was placed on the study of the most prevalent type of feature, which is the mining shaft. The development of reliable parameters of interpretation, including the dimensional aspects of each individual mining shaft (area, diameter and depth of the basin), the distances between shafts, and presence or absence of dumps, played a crucial role in disentangling the complex topography of the mining sites. The favourable results achieved through this study will enable the application of the method on a larger scale to other nearby mining contexts, overcoming the constraints of accessibility and visibility that have so far significantly influenced the analysis of mining territories.

RENOWNED EXPERIMENTAL ARTIST SURENDRA PAL JOSHI

Surender Pal Joshi one of the finest artist of India. Who was very much established in his field. He had his own style for his art works and that is why he was also known as an experimentalist, as he was always ready to come up with new experiments. His art works hold a very wonderful charm that everyone who sees them, tends to get mesmerized. He was born in the year 1958 in a village close to Dehradun. He did his primary and secondary education from Dehradun itself. After that he shifted to Rishikesh for his BA (Bachelor’s In arts) and then did his B.F.A (Bachelor’s in fine arts) from Lucknow University. He completed his BFA in 1985 as the top performer in the entire college. After that he went to Jaipur for further studies and from there itself his actual journey of becoming one of the finest artist of India started. He came up with new Creativity, New experiments, and a whole new series of his art works. Many of them were exhibited at Lalit Kala academy Jaipur in 1988 and it received a lot of appreciation. His paintings also used to depict an essence of Sufi assembly. He was also quite influenced by the great poet "Kabir" and did made many art works that used to portray Kabir's sayings. And that's how he got to know about the power of experimantalism. His art works also used to depict an essence of mother nature. And gradually he understood his areas of strength. With the power of his imagination and experiments he started his own journey of failures and success.With time he started making his art works in different mediums like Metal, Board ceramic, Tera Cota, Wood steel, Glass, brass and what not. He tried everything that was possible whatever seemed not. made it possible too. Not only in India but his art works started receiving appreciation from other countries too. Became an international name. He was also bestowed with National awards. Now he started with a different form that was modern art works but with a traditional touch. His series were also named as " Taana-Baana". With years of hard work, risk taking abilities, with power of his imagination and experiments he became a sensation. And was always appreciated for his great ideas and designs. He was also called to visit various countries. He was also a professor in School of Art and served their from 1988 till 2004. He tool VRS and then decided to be a free artist. His years of hard work got him many awards, scholarships, and Fellowships. In 2013, impressed with his hard work and dedication, The Uttarakhand government proposed an idea to make a museum for him with all his art works installed. It was inaugurated in 2016. And in 2018 this great man departed from this world, leaving behind a whole big Era. He'll always be alive in our hearts, and I'll always be grateful for his teachings and guidance

SMILE and Collaborate to Enhance English Language

Language more often chooses us, then we choose language. We use this or that language according to the place, time and circumstance. For Sandhya prayer, every religion uses their mother tongue like -The Sanskrit Gayathri; in homely context, or for expressing emotion, the mother tongue; outside one's home, the regional or local language, at cosmopolitan gathering, generally English. However, there are no categorical imperatives governing the choice or use of language. Researchers suggest that the collaborative learning also prepares students for the modern work force where there is an increased emphasis on team work (Fechner and Davis, 1991) and for their meaningful participation in a democratic society. All that matters is that what we speak or write should bear a proper relation to the total situation. Children train it by experimenting freely, audaciously, adventurously with language.

Examination of Halfway Substitution of Cement M20 Concrete with Silica Rage and Quartz Sand in Fine Total

The misuse of waste material has developed into another draw because of the significance of consciousness and unpleasant feelings. A by-product of the refinement of silicon and ferrosilicon is silica fume (SF). The design and production of reinforced concrete has seen remarkable success with silica fume. One of the most crucial elements of the commercial viability of modern work has been the short-term usage of Silica Rage (SR), as well as the commercial manufacturing of SF-regulated natural flowing stone residues in cohesive form, which generates early and high pressure. Ferocity Stone. High seniority is beneficial for secure and robust data. Experts and experts were compelled to employ different techniques due to the heritage's rarity and underlying concerns about the collection's quality. This particular characteristic advises employing quartz sand as an environmentally beneficial alternative to fine sand. An excellent technique to increase weather resistance is to use quartz sand in place of regular sand. The performance of both new and reconditioned concrete is examined in this article along with the qualities of quartz sand and smouldering silica. We are exploring the detrimental effects of concrete constructed of SF and semi-substitute cement in this study. The value after use will consider the concrete's new solidification characteristics. In these investigations, the following values for SF and QS were calculated: 0% SF + 0% QS, 5% SF + 5% QS, 10% SF + 10% QS, 15% SF + 15% QS, 20% SF + 20% QS, 25% SF + 25% QS, machinability, compression quality, partial flexibility and rigidity, bending and rigidity. Key Words: quartz sand, silica fume, compaction characteristics, surface ductility, and bendability

The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study

Background: The natural day-night cycle synchronizes our circadian rhythms, but modern work practices like night shifts disrupt this pattern, leading to increased exposure to nighttime light. This exposure is linked to various health issues. While some studies have explored the effects of night shifts on human circadian rhythms, there is limited research on the consequences of long-term exposure to shift-work light conditions. Rodents can provide valuable insights into these effects. This study aimed to examine how short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and chronic jetlag affects the core circadian oscillators in the liver and skin of mammals. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to simulated shift-work light conditions, including short-term or long-term rotating shifts and chronic jet-lag conditions. Liver and skin samples were collected every four hours over a 24-hour period on the second day of constant darkness. RNA was extracted and qRT-PCR analysis was conducted to measure the circadian gene expression in liver and skin tissues. Circadian rhythm analysis using CircaCompare compared the control group to mice exposed to shift-work light conditions. Results: The liver's circadian clock is significantly altered in mice under long-term rotating shift conditions, with a lesser but still noticeable impact in mice experiencing chronic jetlag. However, short-term rotating shift conditions do not significantly affect the liver's circadian clock. Conversely, all three simulated shift conditions affect the skin's circadian clock, indicating that the skin clock is more sensitive to shift-work light conditions than the liver clock. Compared to the liver, the skin's circadian clock is greatly affected by long-term rotating shift conditions. Conclusions: The study findings indicate more pronounced disturbances in the canonical clock genes of the skin compared to the liver under simulated shift-work light conditions. These results suggest that the skin clock is more vulnerable to the effects of shift-work.

Osmanlı Sonrası Şer’î Aile Hukuku Uygulamaları: Filistin Örneği

Palestine remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for nearly four centuries. During this period, the Ottoman legal system was in force in Palestine as well as in the lands under Ottoman rule. Another link of the enactment movement that started after the Tanzimat for various reasons was the Ottoman Legal Family Decree (OLFD). The decree, which came into force in 1917, was implemented in the field of Sharia family law in Palestine. As a result of the weakening of the Ottoman Empire in the region, the Palestinian lands were given to the administration of Britain in 1918 by the decision of the UN. Britain made radical reforms in the field of law in the region, but it did not amend the application of Sharia family law, and the OLFD, which was previously implemented in the region, was implemented. Britain, which kept silent on the problems between the Jews who constantly settled in the region and the dream of establishing a state and the people of the region, withdrew from the region in 1948. The Jews who had previously become stronger politically, administratively economically, declared on the same day that they had established the State of Israel in the region. The decision in question was met with a reaction by some surrounding Arab states. As a result of the war between the newly established State of Israel and the Arab states, the Palestinian territories were divided into three parts administratively. The area which was defined as the Occupation Zone, passed to Israeli control, Gaza region to Egyptian control, and West Bank region to Jordanian administration. The states that dominate Palestinian territories implemented their own law system in the territories where they administer. The Law Decree that was previously in force in the West Bank region, which is under the control of Jordan, and the laws that came into force after it were periodically abolished, and it had already been replaced only in the West Bank region by "Kanûnu'l-Ahvâli'ş-Şahsiyye" No. 61 of 1976. As far as it can be determined, the lack of study on the subject in our country has led us to investigate the subject. Again, this study is aimed to constitute a stepping stone to the research of other countries' Sharia family law practices. In the examination, it was concluded that “Kânûnu’l-Ahvâli’ş-Şahsiyye” is a binding law only for Muslims who are living in the West Bank, it was prepared with a telphic understanding as well as it is mainly Hanafi sect, the judges are given the opportunity to make new ijtihads provided that they stay within the Islamic legal system, some of the articles are different from the classical sectarian ijtihads, and some of the articles were prepared by considering the customs of the region. Among the results reached, the father is obligated to cover his children's education expenses until they receive their primary, secondary, high school, and university diplomas. The education expenses are counted as alimony, and education is given importance without discrimination between boys and girls. The law consists of 187 articles, and it has been accepted in principle that the preferred view should be taken as a basis in the Hanafi sect on matters not stated in the law. The study, it is aimed that is known the Shari family law and its application. The study, prepared within the framework of explaining and titling the articles of the law, was formed based on the sections of classical and modern fiqh works, court ijtihads, and the Official Gazette decisions issued on the subject. The mentioned study aimed to investigate the family law enforcement in one part of Palestine (West Bank), and it suggested conducting a comprehensive study on the Shari family law enforcement in the remaining two regions (Gazza and Occupation Zone). * This study was prepared based on the master’s thesis, titled “Shariah Family Law Practices in Post-Ottoman Palestine”, which has continued under the supervision of Assoc. Dr. Pehlul Duzenli (Yalova: Yalova University, Graduate Education Institute, master’s thesis, 2023)

LAPIDARITY AS A FEATURE OF LINGUISTIC ECONOMY

Lapidarity as a feature of linguistic economy. The article is devoted to the concept of “lapidarity” as a linguistic definition of conciseness, brevity and compression of language means in view of the principle of linguistic economy. The analysis, evaluation and interpretation of changes according to various factors that influence language in its theoretical interpretation and practical use are the starting points for the presented research. The aim of the study is to provide a brief overview of contemporary scientific works where lapidarity as a linguistic term is mentioned and used in linguistic research. For this purpose, a thorough analysis of theoretical works on the concept of “linguistic economy” is carried out. To achieve this goal, such general scientific methods as description, analysis, generalization and explanation were used. The article provides a list of conceptual developments of linguistic economy, which we find in the latest modern works of a number of researchers. In the course of analyzing the practical implementation of the principle of linguistic economy and defining its main features, the following are highlighted: brevity, content, conciseness, accuracy, semantic compression and pregnancy. According to the study, the areas of application of the concept of “lapidarity” are limited to the following: text stylistics and extralinguistic factors; cognitive-discursive reconstruction of communicative deviations; axiological aspects of speech; optimization of interlingual communication; pragmatic potential; internal dynamism of speech and authorial modality, etc. The obtained results can be used to establish the relevance of the term “lapidarity” in linguistic studies. The study makes a significant contribution to the scientific heritage of textual linguistics. The conclusions of the study indicate the prospects of developing the above-mentioned linguistic phenomenon in view of the ways of realizing lapidarity in specific speech genres.

Measuring organizational play in small businesses

AbstractAlthough traditionally seen as antinomic to work, play has always existed in work organizations. Recently, as organizations increasingly and openly embrace play, research indicates the positive effects of play, such as on employees’ well-being, attitude to work, and creativity. However, the difficulty in conceptualizing the different types of play in organizations and the absence of measurement tools have hindered large-scale study of play. In the present paper, we develop two measurement scales for two types of organizational play—diversionary and serious play. We use two datasets of French small businesses to develop and test the scales. We pre-test our initial set of items in a first dataset (N = 78). We perform correlation, reliability, and exploratory factor analyses on a second dataset (N = 278) using the items adjusted after the pre-test. Our final scales consist of ten items for diversionary play and seven for serious play. We assess construct validity by selecting a range of constructs pertaining to organizational members’ attitude and perception, as well as to the characteristics of the organization. Our measurement scales demonstrate good reliability and validity. The scales developed in the present study aim to contribute to the literature on play at workplace, the changing nature of modern work and research in entrepreneurial health.

Organizational and psychosocial environmental work factors associated with self-rated exhaustion disorder among municipal employees in rural northern Sweden.

Research indicates that good organizational and psychosocial environments are vital to well-functioning workplaces and employee health. Working in the municipal sector and in the rural context may contribute to more health problems, poorer organizational and psychosocial work environments, and higher sick-leave rates. The aim of this study was to explore organizational and psychosocial environmental work factors among municipal employees with or without self-rated exhaustion disorder (s-ED) in rural northern Sweden. The Modern Work Life Questionnaire and the Self-Rated Exhaustion Disorder Scale were used among 1093 municipal employees. The results showed that there were significant differences between the s-ED and the non-s-ED group in all but one of the organizational and psychosocial environmental work factors. Various demands, i.e. quantitative, emotional, intellectual, and IT demands were some factors associated with the s-ED group. Social support, resources, and time for work and reflection were some factors associated with the non-s-ED group. Both the s-ED and the non-s-ED groups assessed significantly higher emotional demands and less resources compared to national reference values. Findings from this study are relevant to a better understanding what organizational and psychosocial work environmental work factor the employer need to pay extra attention to. Addressing risk and protective factors in the work environment could tribute to promote occupational well-being, preventing exhaustion disorder and long-term sick leave among municipal employees in rural northern Sweden.

Wellness Tourism: Reviving Healthy Food and Lifestyle

Tourism has been widely considered to be a mentally & physically healthy pursuit. Travel essentially contributes to relax the mind and reduces the stress. People resort to travel usually to take a break from their hectic life schedules and enjoy some quality leisure time with friends and family if not for other reasons. This research attempts to provide a comprehensive review of healthy food and lifestyle practices that are required to lead a healthy life. Technological advances and modern work practices have brought in lifestyle changes coupled with drastic changes in eating habits and food items. Presently, the abundant availability of fast food and other unhealthy options have brought in various lifestyle disorders like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc. in the younger generations. Food provides beneficial nutrients like vitamins and minerals to humans. Also, rich source of certain compounds of foods which ultimately boost up human health when it is consumed in an appropriate amount. Millets, which was widely consumed in rural India but lost their value over a period of time, are one of the prominent lost foods having many health benefits which need wider investigation. Lot of research is already underway to promote use and production of millets. In India, the year 2023 has been designated as the year of millets. Ready to eat /fast foods are diminishing the healthy lifestyle of an individual. Good lifestyle has the potential to harmonize the emotional life of any individual. In ashrams yoga teaches patience, restraint & how to live life harmoniously. The ashram lifestyle places more emphasis on expansion of awareness and consciousness. This research looks at the various aspects of healthy food which is lost over the decades & lifestyles and comes out with recommendations based on the findings to help individuals select the right food and lifestyle to lead a healthy life

Study of functional fatigue in surgeons and nurses of children's medical organizations

Introduction. The impact of high work stress loads on medical workers of children's medical organizations contributes to the formation of fatigue and overwork, especially in modern working conditions, which determines the relevance of these studies.
 The study aims to develop methodological approaches to the quantitative assessment of functional fatigue under the influence of neuropsychiatric and visually stressful loads in medical workers for the differentiated justification of preventive 
 measures.
 Materials and methods. The researchers conducted comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies of medical workers in various work activities (in pediatric intensive care, surgery), aimed at hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process, physiological study of the state of the cardiovascular system with the study of the characteristics of the response to functional load (ECG registration on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring). The authors have studied the physiological state of the central nervous system and the visual analyzer according to generally accepted methods. We have carried out a total of 2,700 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. Static processing of the received data was carried out using statistical programs STATISTICA 10, Microsoft Excel 2010.
 Results. Medical workers have high nervous-emotional and visual loads when watching video terminal screens. This leads to negative dynamics of the time of perception of sequential contrast (TPSC), a decrease in visual function. The time of onset and the depth of adverse changes depend on the degree of intensity of visual labor.
 We have established the same level of effectiveness of the functions of concentration of attention, short-term memory, perception of simple and complex visual signals in the daytime and at night. The daily curve of indicators does not correspond to the natural curve of the daily rhythm.
 Surgeons and nurses had a strain on the regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, a slowdown in the recovery period of all indicators after functional load in the night shift compared with daytime hours of work.
 Conclusion. Pronounced loads on the visual analyzer when watching video terminal screens against the background of nervous and emotional labor stress are the leading professional factors and determine the formation of the functional state of overwork of the first degree in nurses and the second degree in surgeons.
 Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical personnel in the intensive care unit.
 Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021).

Biological stress responses to multitasking and work interruptions: A randomized controlled trial

In the course of digitalization, new stressors are emerging. In modern working and living environments, two ubiquitous, technology-mediated stressors are multitasking demands and work interruptions. However, biological stress response patterns to multitasking and work interruptions have been sparsely investigated so far. We thus aimed to comprehensively assess biological stress response patterns to both stressors and, additionally, test whether responses differ between digital and partially non-digital settings. A controlled experimental set-up was established and humans’ biological markers of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and the immune system were assessed. N = 186 healthy participants (mean age: 23.2 ± 4.3 years, 74.7% female, body mass-index: 22.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2) took part in this pre-registered study. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of 6 experimental conditions (1 digital single-task, 3 dual-tasks [2 parallel tasks and 1 interruption], 1 multitasking, and 1 passive, control condition). Each one of the dual-tasking as well as the multitasking conditions included a non-digital sub-task, i.e., performing a task in presence of an examiner. All other conditions involved digital tasks only. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels as a marker for SNS reactivity significantly changed in work interruptions, parallel dual-tasking, and multitasking conditions. No changes were found for control conditions. Furthermore, no significant changes over time and no differences between the conditions were identified for three biological markers: cortisol as marker for HPA axis activity as well as for two immune system markers (secretory Immunoglobulin-A, C-reactive protein). A time course similar to sAA was found for perceived stress: with increases during task execution and decreases afterwards in multitasking and parallel dual-tasking. Yet, it did not change for the work interruption, passive control, and single-tasking condition. Overall, our findings show that dual- and multitasking are perceived as stressful and are associated with an activation of the SNS, but not with responses of HPA axis or immune system. This was consistent for digital as well as partially digital task demands. Our findings will also inform future research into the differential stress effects of digital and non-digital tasks to advance our understanding of biological stress response-patterns to multitasking and work interruptions. Therefore, our findings are highly relevant for understanding the long-term biological health effects of stress in modern (digitalized) environments.

The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study.

Background: The natural day-night cycle synchronizes our circadian rhythms, but modern work practices like night shifts disrupt this pattern, leading to increased exposure to nighttime light. This exposure is linked to various health issues. While some studies have explored the effects of night shifts on human circadian rhythms, there is limited research on the consequences of long-term exposure to shift-work light conditions. Rodents can provide valuable insights into these effects. This study aimed to examine how short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and chronic jetlag affects the core circadian oscillators in the liver and skin of mammals. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to simulated shift-work light conditions, including short-term or long-term rotating shifts and chronic jet-lag conditions. Liver and skin samples were collected every four hours over a 24-hour period on the second day of constant darkness. RNA was extracted and qRT-PCR analysis was conducted to measure the circadian gene expression in liver and skin tissues. Circadian rhythm analysis using CircaCompare compared the control group to mice exposed to shift-work light conditions. Results: The liver's circadian clock is significantly altered in mice under long-term rotating shift conditions, with a lesser but still noticeable impact in mice experiencing chronic jetlag. However, short-term rotating shift conditions do not significantly affect the liver's circadian clock. Conversely, all three simulated shift conditions affect the skin's circadian clock, indicating that the skin clock is more sensitive to shift-work light conditions than the liver clock. Compared to the liver, the skin's circadian clock is greatly affected by long-term rotating shift conditions. Conclusions: The study findings indicate more pronounced disturbances in the canonical clock genes of the skin compared to the liver under simulated shift-work light conditions. These results suggest that the skin clock is more vulnerable to the effects of shift-work.

History of Islamic Civilization in Post-Independence Indonesia

Background. Islam is a religion that prioritizes the principles of truth and justice for all its adherents. Factors that encourage Muslims to achieve independence are ideological, political, economic, social and cultural factors. Islam has an important role in the development of education in Indonesia. There are three sectors of Islamic education in Indonesia, namely formal, informal and non-formal. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to find out 1.) The history of the development of Islam in Indonesia after independence. 2.) The impact of the development of Islam in Indonesia. 3.) The process of development of Islamic civilization. So from the description above, the author will explain how the development of Islam in Indonesia after independence, what caused the emergence of the Islamic renewal movement, especially in Indonesia. Method. This research uses the type of literature study (library research). The data collection technique carried out in this study uses a study of bibliographic sources from books and articles in scientific journals related to the subject matter, reading data with the thoughts of experts with a constructive approach and interpretation of the contents of the main discussion related to the development of Islam after independence. Results. After Indonesia's independence in 1945, Islamic civilization in the country continued to develop and made significant contributions in various aspects of life. Conclusion. After independence, Islamic education was one of the key points in the development of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. The thinking and writing of Indonesian Islamic intellectuals also developed with many studies, writings and translations of classical and modern Islamic works. The Salafi movement that insists on returning to the teachings of Islam is considered to be fully associated with the salafushalih (early generations of Islam), and emerged and developed after independence.