The growing pace of disruptions in the world such as pandemics, climate changes, technological changes and socio-political uncertainties has highlighted the importance of pedagogical resilience in educational systems. The present paper discusses the notion of pedagogical resilience as the ability of educators to modify, be creative, and maintain valuable learning experiences in times of crisis and swift development. Going beyond emergency responses, the study frames resilience as a multidimensional construct and includes: professional competence, emotional regulation, digital preparedness, collaborative networks, and reflective practice. Based on the modern studies on teacher training, educator crisis management, and educational technologies, the paper discusses how the pre-service and in-service training programs can integrate the resilience based frameworks into curriculum design and teacher development programs. Specific focus is paid to adaptive instructional interventions, trauma-informed education, the integration of blended learning, and the leadership support processes that enhance the capacity of teachers to effectively make responses to uncertainty. The discussion shows that the institutional culture, flexibility of policies, and involvement of the community can contribute to sustainable resilience, in contrast to temporary coping strategies. Results indicate that resilient teachers are characterized by increased instructional continuity, student engagement and professional well-being in case of disruption. The paper suggests a systematic model of resilience-building that combines an approach to scenario-based training, building digital competency, peer mentoring, and continuous reflective assessment. This study can be used in the continued debate on teacher preparedness in unstable education settings by repositioning resilience as a competency instead of a reactionary skill. The study highlights that the development of pedagogical resilience is critical to the survival of crisis as well as long-term change and innovation in the teaching practice.

Due to the aging of the population, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have gradually become a major public health problem worldwide. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota and its metabolites were closely related to the occurrence and development of NDs. At present, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is known for its multi-dimensional, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach in the prevention and treatment of various diseases by regulating the gut microbiota, and different CHMs can regulate the diversity of gut microbiota and the abundance of probiotics. Modern studies have also revealed that CHM possessed therapeutic effects against NDs by targeting gut microbiota, regulating the secretion of neuroactive metabolites, reducing amyloid-beta deposition and oxidative stress, and improving the function of the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, the dynamic interaction among CHM, gut microbiota, and NDs has become a research hotspot. This review elaborates on the research progress related to CHM, gut microbiota, and NDs, aiming to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the prevention of NDs by CHM administration.

At the foundation of neurotransmission, and by extension at the foundation of brain function, are coordinated programs of gene expression involving many thousands of genes. These programs are poorly defined in humans because most modern studies that characterize human brain gene expression use tissue obtained in the postmortem state when neurotransmission and brain function have ceased. Here, to advance knowledge of the gene expression programs at the foundation of neurotransmission in the human brain, gene expression was characterized in 130 prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples obtained from participants of the Living Brain Project (LBP) during neurosurgical procedures in conjunction with intracranial recordings of neurotransmission traits in deep brain structures. In a group of 15 procedures, participants performed a cognitive task during intracranial recordings of the substantia nigra; in the remaining group of 115 procedures, participants were at rest during intracranial recordings of either the subthalamic nucleus or the globus pallidus. Analyses of the data obtained from the group of 15 procedures, though underpowered to identify individual gene-trait associations, uncovered evidence of transcriptome-wide signatures of PFC gene expression that associated with neurotransmission traits. These signatures were reproduced in analyses of data from the group of 115 procedures and in analyses of data from a third independent human cohort. A set of genes with evidence of association to neurotransmission in multiple cohorts was termed the "transcriptional program associated with neurotransmission" (TPAWN) and analyses of data from studies of model systems and genetic variation in human populations validated the role of TPAWN genes in neurotransmission and brain function. In PFC excitatory neurons of LBP participants, higher expression of TPAWN genes tracked with higher expression of genes that in mouse frontal cortex are markers of excitatory neurons that connect the frontal cortex to deep brain structures. Taken together, the findings of this report help advance knowledge of the transcriptomic foundations of neurotransmission in the living human brain.

UNSOLVED RETINAL QUESTIONS.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Breast cancer screening plays a key role in the it’s early detection, but i effectiveness of screening depends on many factors. Objective . To summarize the results of modern studies on the effectiveness of breast cancer screening, to identify contradictions in its implementation. Materials and methods . The systematic review of original publications and reviews was performed. The study included publications in the PubMed, eLIBRARY and Google Scholar databases for the period 2020– 2025, using the keywords "breast cancer", "screening", "screening effectiveness". Research results . The article provides a detailed description of the effectiveness of diagnostic methods that have been proposed at different times as screening methods: breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, breast ultrasonography, mammography, tomosynthesis, breast magnetic resonance imaging. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the European Society for Medical Oncology, the National Comprehensive Oncology Network, and the Russian Association of Oncologists, the main method of breast cancer screening for women aged 40–74 is mammography, performed every 2 years or annually. The contradictions of screening are caused by the possible occurrence of psychological stress, the risk of obtaining an incorrect conclusion, which is associated with the imperfect accuracy of mammography. This requires additional costs for additional examination and retreatment of non-neoplastic diseases. In addition, there is a possibility of implementing interval breast cancer between screening rounds, which is prognostically more unfavorable. To achieve the main goal of screening, it is necessary to adhere to the recommended breadth of population coverage, which is not observed in many countries of the world due to low compliance of the population with medical services, insufficient awareness. Conclusion . Thus, despite significant success in the implementation of breast cancer screening, there are still unresolved contradictions. They can be eliminated by conducting further research to increase the effectiveness of screening programs and improve the quality of medical care.

This review synthesizes contemporary evidence for sutureless aortic valve replacement (SuAVR). It focuses on indications, imaging-guided sizing, operative technique, outcomes, and complications to clarify where SuAVR meaningfully complements or substitutes conventional surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Modern studies show SuAVR consistently shortens cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times by 25-50%, produces low discharge gradients and larger effective orifice areas, and is particularly advantageous in elderly patients, small annuli, redo operations, and concomitant procedures. Routine multidetector-row computed tomography perimeter sizing and meticulous annular decalcification have reduced clinically relevant paravalvular leak to low single digits, whereas higher implantation and conservative ballooning have lowered permanent pacemaker implantation rates toward single digits. Mid-term durability is encouraging, with 95-97% freedom from structural valve deterioration and 94-97% freedom from reintervention at 5 years. Conduction-system injury, transient thrombocytopenia, and residual pacemaker risk remain the principal trade-offs. With Heart-Team selection and standardized computed tomography-first workflows and implant technique, SuAVR is a valuable surgical option that expands minimally invasive and complex surgical candidacy. Definitive adoption requires randomized long-term comparisons and standardized pacemaker-avoidance protocols.

The historical work of Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose challenged human thought on plant life expression. Dr Bose demonstrated a systemic-complex perspective that exhibits rapid, systemic electrical and mechanical responses to stimuli. We hypothesize that Ultra-Weak Photon Emission validates and extends Bose's original vision of highly integrated plant life. This work aims to assess the mechanistic philosophy of reactive machines. Our review of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission (UPE) examines mechanistic perspectives across history and systemic-complex plant biology. We conducted a literature review (2000–2024) to identify experimental studies on Ultra-Weak Photon Emission in plants. A synthesis of contemporary biophysical research and historical narratives explores how biophotons intersect with philosophy and biocommunication. Ultra-weak photon emission in plants connects contemporary biophysics with the philosophical systemic-complex perspective. UPE spatial and temporal expression reflects systemic changes in response to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Further, UPE provides a non-invasive biophysical phenomenon that supports Bose's physiological observations. UPE provides evidence of systemic complexity through theoretical approaches and advanced experimental technologies. Modern studies validate visionary aspects of Bose's research by establishing UPE as a tool that negates biosemiotic discourses. These findings transition the study of whole-plant behaviour from abstract mechanistic models to a quantifiable, systemic-complex (SC) perspective. Together, our work validates Bose's visionary research and establishes UPE as a critical tool for understanding plant perception and signalling.

Abstract Modern studies of galaxy formation rely heavily on numerical simulations, which in turn require tools to identify and track self-bound structures in stars and dark matter. In this paper, we present Bloodhound, a new halo tracking algorithm optimized to track and characterize substructure in cosmological simulations, a regime that is crucial for studies of the nature of dark matter but where standard methods often have difficulties. Using simulations of Milky Way-mass haloes, we demonstrate that Bloodhound extends subhalo tracking by 3–4 Gyr on average, and significantly longer for subhaloes with small pericentres, relative to the widely used ROCKSTAR + consistent-trees halo tracking pipeline. We also show that Bloodhound provides continuous tracking, mitigating an issue for the standard technique where subhaloes can be lost and then found again — but assigned to a new merger tree — after several snapshots. This improved tracking leads to a substantially larger number of surviving subhaloes in the inner regions of dark matter haloes, which has several implications for studies of the Milky Way’s satellite galaxy system and its use for constraining properties of dark matter. For example, within the radius where current surveys are complete to ultra-faint galaxies (DMW ≲ 50 kpc), Bloodhound finds more than twice as many subhaloes above the atomic cooling scale relative to the standard tracking method. Our results underscore the importance of robust subhalo tracking techniques in advancing our understanding of galaxy formation and cosmological models.

This study investigates the linguocultural modelling of key historical concepts in Timurid chronicles, focusing on how cultural knowledge, ideological values, and socio-political worldviews are encoded and transmitted through language in classical historiographic discourse. (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Evans, 2019). Drawing on a corpus of primary Timurid-era sources—including Temurnoma, Zafarnoma, and related chronicles — the research employs an integrated methodology combining cognitive linguistics, conceptual analysis, and discourse-oriented cultural linguistics. The analysis reconstructs culturally salient concepts such as authority, justice, statehood, rituality, military ethos, and territoriality, revealing their semantic evolution and symbolic configurations within Timurid intellectual culture. Through the identification of conceptual metaphors, culturally grounded lexical markers, and narrative framing strategies, the study demonstrates how historical concepts were linguistically modelled to shape collective cultural memory and legitimize political power. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Central Asian historical discourse, offering an innovative linguocultural framework applicable to the study of pre-modern texts across diverse cultural traditions. This research provides a theoretically grounded and empirically supported model useful for modern cognitive-historical studies, comparative cultural linguistics, and the interdisciplinary analysis of historical narratives.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks of the Skull Base: Physiology and Pathophysiology.

This research examines the influence of Arabic grammar on the formation of modern linguistic studies by tracing the theoretical and methodological foundations of Arabic grammar and comparing them with the conclusions reached by contemporary linguistics in its approaches and theories. The research is based on the hypothesis that Arabic grammar was not merely a rigid system of rules, but rather a comprehensive linguistic project based on description, analysis, and induction, which makes it ahead of its time in many of its concepts compared to modern linguistic studies. The research reviews the origins and development of Arabic grammar, highlighting its basic concepts such as the factor, inflection, and syntactic structure, and their role in understanding the linguistic system. It then discusses the influences and similarities between Arabic grammar and some modern linguistic trends, such as structuralism, generative grammar, and transformational grammar, especially in issues of deep and surface structure, competence and performance, and the relationship between structure and meaning. The research also addresses the positions of modern linguists on Arabic grammar, between criticism and calls for a contemporary scientific reinterpretation, and emphasizes the importance of drawing on the grammatical heritage in the development of modern linguistic studies, particularly in the fields of discourse analysis, language teaching, and applied linguistics. The research concludes that Arabic grammar remains a knowledge base that can contribute effectively to the construction of a contemporary Arabic linguistic theory based on the integration of authenticity and heritage on the one hand, and modern linguistic research methods on the other.

Electric eels.

Therapeutic potential of pharmacological components of Salvia miltiorrhiza against atherosclerosis: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chemistry has evolved from empirical pattern recognition to a unified, physics-informed science governed by universal principles. This perspective traces the conceptual progression of chemical thought from Mendeleev’s periodic classification to thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and the emerging systems view of self-organisation and complexity. By dividing this trajectory into four historical phases viz. (i) thermodynamic and kinetic universality, (ii) nonideal solution theory and ionic interactions, (iii) quantum-mechanical interpretation of matter and bonding, and (iv) self-organisation in far-from-equilibrium systems. Each phase contributed to a deeper understanding of matter-energy relationships and strengthened the theoretical foundations of chemistry. Emphasis is placed on the interplay between the macroscopic laws and microscopic models, with recurring themes of order, symmetry and energy flow serving as unifying principles across both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena. This conceptual synthesis illustrates the natural convergence of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and quantum theory, giving rise to systems chemistry and the modern study of emergent behaviour. Beyond its historical narrative, the work asserts that an analysis of chemistry through its evolving paradigms reveals a coherent scientific continuum integrating atomic theory, information and complexity, thereby positioning chemistry as a central discipline for elucidating organisational principles in natural systems.

This consensus provides valuable advice on the clinical management of patients and the interpretation of research data in areas not covered by clinical guidelines. It is intended for neurologists, cardiologists, and general practitioners. It combines data from modern studies on the risk of cognitive impairment and stroke in patients with lipid metabolism disorders. Approaches and algorithms for hypertriglyceridemia correction as part of the primary and secondary prevention of diseases associated with cerebrovascular diseases and atherosclerosis were developed.

Construction projects belong to the most complex and high-risk areas of managerial activity, where conflicts arise at almost all stages of implementation – from planning and coordination of technical solutions to execution of works and project commissioning. A high level of uncertainty, multilateral interaction among stakeholders, dependence on suppliers, and strict deadlines create conditions of constant tension and emotional strain. Traditional approaches to conflict management, based mainly on administrative or legal instruments, often prove insufficient, as they do not consider the psychological and communicative aspects of interaction. In this context, the use of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) becomes particularly relevant, as it enables work with the behavioural, emotional, and cognitive factors of conflicts. The purpose of the study is to develop a practice-oriented mechanism of an integrated NLP conflict management model in construction projects. The methodological framework is based on systemic, communicative, and psychological approaches that combine the analysis of scientific sources, comparative analysis of traditional and modern methods, case studies, and modelling of managerial situations. The proposed model consists of three interrelated blocks: conflict prevention, conflict management, and conflict resolution. At the first level, techniques of rapport, calibration, and communication pattern analysis are applied, ensuring communication stability and early identification of risks. The second level includes reframing, behaviour modelling, and state management, which makes it possible to stop escalation and redirect interaction into a constructive channel. The third level is aimed at achieving mutually agreed solutions and restoring cooperation through the use of sensory language (VAK adaptations), the three perceptual positions, the Milton model, Interest Mapping, the win-win approach, and the Future Pacing technique. The results of the study confirm that the integration of NLP techniques into construction project management practice helps reduce the number of conflicts, shorten the time required for their resolution, increase the level of trust among participants, and ensure the stability of project implementation. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for managers and executives of construction companies regarding the introduction of NLP methodologies into daily managerial activities. Thus, the proposed model is an innovative tool that combines psychological and communicative aspects of conflict management, promotes the development of a culture of trust and openness, and enhances the effectiveness of construction projects in modern conditions.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays a crucial role in malignant tumor management through its unique holistic concept and syndrome differentiation-based therapy. It conceptualizes tumors as systemic dysfunction driven by healthy qi deficiency, pathogenic invasion, and emotional/social perturbations, highlighting the local-systemic unity. Clinically, TCM mitigates chemo/radiotherapy adverse effects, boosts efficacy, stabilizes advanced tumors, and lowers recurrence risk. Modern studies confirm tonic herbal prescriptions and non-pharmacological interventions exert anti-tumor effects via multi-target regulation. Future efforts should advance TCM’s modern interpretation, high-quality trials, and standardization to integrate TCM with Western medicine for optimized whole-course patient care.

The research aims to identify the specific nature of the translatorial interpretation of A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “Guilty Without Guilt” (1883) in Chen Jiaping’s Chinese adaptation “The Innocent” (1952). The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the specific characteristics of the material and the absence of systemic works in modern literary studies based on a receptive and comparative-contrastive analysis of the perception of “Guilty Without Guilt” in China. For the first time, the article reveals the transformation of the play’s system of images, poetics, and ideological and aesthetic emphases during its domestication, taking into account the historical, cultural, and literary context. The paper examines the interpretation of the character system within the Chinese cultural context – focusing primarily on the key figures of Neznamov and Murov, as well as secondary characters – the specific treatment of the “power of money” theme, and the fundamental ideological and aesthetic differences between the finales of the original and the adaptation. The results show that Chen Jiaping sought to bring the text closer to the national reader by shifting the focus from the moral and psychological experiences of the original to a sharp critique of social inequality and colonial pressure. The play acquires an accusatory pathos and becomes an instrument of revolutionary agitation, reflecting the pressing issues of mid-20th-century Chinese society.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the factors influencing the pulse wave propagation rate (CPV) and to determine its significance as an early marker of vascular aging and cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. The study included 139 people of two age groups (20–30 and 50–60 years old), who were assessed for anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, functional characteristics of elastic arteries and elastic modulus. Statistical data processing included descriptive statistical methods, nonparametric criteria for comparing independent groups, and Spearman's correlation analysis. The results demonstrated a significant increase in CPV with age, as well as its higher values in men at a young age. Participants with arterial hypertension were characterized by increased CPV and increased modulus of elasticity, which indicates the development of structural and functional remodeling of the arterial wall. Overweight individuals in the middle-aged cohort had higher CPV scores compared to participants with normal body weight, while the effect of BMI at a young age was less pronounced. The smoking status did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect. The results of the demonstration modeling showed that the inclusion of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in addition to demographic indicators improves the discriminative ability of the predictive model when identifying individuals with a clinically significant increase in CPV. The orientation of all the identified associations is consistent with the data of modern population studies and emphasizes the practical importance of assessing CPV as a noninvasive marker of early vascular disorders. Conclusion. The study confirms that CPV is a sensitive integral indicator of the arterial wall condition and can be recommended for use in clinical practice for the purpose of early stratification of cardiovascular risk and diagnosis of premature vascular aging.

The importance of gene-environment interactions (G×E) for complex human traits is heavily debated. Recently, biobank-based GWAS have revealed many statistically significant G×E signals, though most lack clear evidence of biological significance. Here, we partly explain this discrepancy by showing that many G×E signals simplify to additive effects on a different phenotype scale, a classical concern that is currently underappreciated. Our results clearly distinguish G×Sex effects on height, which vanish on the log scale, from G×Sex effects on testosterone, where the log scale uncovers biologically meaningful female-specific effects. Across 32 phenotypes in UK Biobank, we find that scaling by a power transformation can explain 46% of PGS×Sex interactions, and that simple log transformation can explain 23%, with similar results for other environments. We also show that phenotype scale can substantially impact GWAS discovery and the construction and evaluation of polygenic scores. Finally, we provide a set of guidelines to consider and choose phenotype scale in modern genetic studies.