Modern Models Research Articles

Bayesian Structural Time Series Model for Forecasting the Composite Stock Price Index in Indonesia

One of the models that can be used to predict time series data is the Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) model. The BSTS model is a more modern model and can handle data movement better. In the BSTS model, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm is used to simulate the posterior distribution, which smoothes the forecasting results over a large number of potential models using Bayesian averaging models. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best BSTS model for Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) data in Indonesia based on the state component and the number of MCMC iterations, and obtain forecasting results for CSPI value in Indonesia for the next 24 months, namely the period July 2023 to June 2024. The results obtained are based on a comparison of the R-square values in the model, the BSTS model with local linear trend and seasonal state components, and the number of MCMC iterations n = 5 00 is the best BSTS model that can be used for forecasting the CSPI value in Indonesia with an R-square value of 99.96%. The results of forecasting the CSPI value in Indonesia for the period July 2023 to June 2024 range from 6589 to 6760, with the lowest forecasting value in October 2023 and the highest in March 2023.

Enhancing Bone Cancer Diagnosis Through Image Extraction and Machine Learning: A State-of-the-Art Approach.

Background: Bone cancer is a severe condition often leading to patient mortality. Diagnosis relies on X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, which require time-consuming manual review by experts. Thus, developing an automated system is crucial for accurate classification of malignant and healthy bone.Methods: Differentiating between them poses a challenge as they may exhibit similar physical characteristics. The initial step is selecting the optimal edge detection method. Two feature sets are then generated: one with the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and one without. Performance evaluation involves two machine learning models: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest.Results: Including HOG consistently yields superior results. The SVM model with HOG achieves an F-1 score of 0.92, outperforming the Random Forest model's .77. This study aims to develop reliable methods for bone cancer classification. The proposed automated method assists surgeons in accurately detecting malignant bone regions using modern image analysis techniques and machine learning models. Incorporating HOG significantly enhances performance, improving differentiation between malignant and healthy bone.Conclusion: Ultimately, this approach supports precise diagnoses and informed treatment decisions for bone cancer patients.

Why Purchase Premium in Freemium Online Games: The Self Determination Theory Perspective

After the rise of the freemium business model, the video games industry emerged as a popular source of entertainment in Malaysia. In this modern free game model, virtual content trading is considered a great source of revenue generation for game developers and publishers. Millions of players around the world participate in this activity and purchase virtual items. In this study, we focus on exploring the motives of Malaysian youth for purchasing these in-game virtual products. By employing purposive sampling, qualitative data were collected by means of conducting in-depth interviews with game players who purchase virtual products. This study explored seven important factors: the desire for uniqueness, the desire for dominance, the desire for skillfulness, social interaction, the desire for freedom, social affiliation, and enjoyment, which strongly influence Malaysian players’ behavior toward in-game content consumption during video game playing. Gamers and game developers can benefit from the findings of the present study to customize the in-game virtual product design strategies as per the expectations of respondents.
 Keywords: free-to-play, video games, freemium, virtual purchasing, purchase intention

Benchmarking topic models on scientific articles using BERTeley

The introduction of BERTopic marked a crucial advancement in topic modeling and presented a topic model that outperformed both traditional and modern topic models in terms of topic modeling metrics on a variety of corpora. However, unique issues arise when topic modeling is performed on scientific articles. This paper introduces BERTeley, an innovative tool built upon BERTopic, designed to alleviate these shortcomings and improve the usability of BERTopic when conducting topic modeling on a corpus consisting of scientific articles. This is accomplished through BERTeley’s three main features: scientific article preprocessing, topic modeling using pre-trained scientific language models, and topic model metric calculation. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted comparing topic models using four different language models in three corpora consisting of scientific articles.

Modern Model of University Education: Innovative Approach in Practical Implementation

Modern Model of University Education: Innovative Approach in Practical Implementation

Improved decision making with similarity based machine learning: applications in chemistry

Despite the fundamental progress in autonomous molecular and materials discovery, data scarcity throughout chemical compound space still severely hampers the use of modern ready-made machine learning models as they rely heavily on the paradigm, ‘the bigger the data the better’. Presenting similarity based machine learning (SML), we show an approach to select data and train a model on-the-fly for specific queries, enabling decision making in data scarce scenarios in chemistry. By solely relying on query and training data proximity to choose training points, only a fraction of data is necessary to converge to competitive performance. After introducing SML for the harmonic oscillator and the Rosenbrock function, we describe applications to scarce data scenarios in chemistry which include quantum mechanics based molecular design and organic synthesis planning. Finally, we derive a relationship between the intrinsic dimensionality and volume of feature space, governing the overall model accuracy.

Reducing complexity in cyber security architecture: A practical model for security classifications

Building and running cyber security in both worlds, modern cloud security in combination with legacy on premises, introduces extra complexity. Some of the well-known security patterns and models are not applicable in cloud systems, while modern security models like zero trust (ZT) barely fit into legacy systems. Security technologies and tools are the subject of constant enhancements and adaptions to their environment. They can make security decisions on a very fine-grained basis. The corresponding rule sets and policies are becoming more and more decentralised, detailed and complex. Introducing modern security models such as ZT or micro-perimeter enforces the effect. The overall situation makes it hard for the responsible person to control the cyber security situation and the staff operating cyber security systems and technologies. Both are overwhelmed by the mass of fine-grained, fragmented and distributed security workloads. This paper introduces a practical model for security classifications in cyber security environments. The main goal of the model is to reduce complexity and keep cyber environments manageable. The model delivers not only a cyber risk classification regarding a single business application but works as an integrated view over risks for complete cyber environments.

EEG electrode localization with 3D iPhone scanning using point-cloud electrode selection (PC-ES)

Objective. Electroencephalography source imaging (ESI) is a valuable tool in clinical evaluation for epilepsy patients but is underutilized in part due to sensitivity to anatomical modeling errors. Accurate localization of scalp electrodes is instrumental to ESI, but existing localization devices are expensive and not portable. As a result, electrode localization challenges further impede access to ESI, particularly in inpatient and intensive care settings. Approach. To address this challenge, we present a portable and affordable electrode digitization method using the 3D scanning feature in modern iPhone models. This technique combines iPhone scanning with semi-automated image processing using point-cloud electrode selection (PC-ES), a custom MATLAB desktop application. We compare iPhone electrode localization to state-of-the-art photogrammetry technology in a human study with over 6000 electrodes labeled using each method. We also characterize the performance of PC-ES with respect to head location and examine the relative impact of different algorithm parameters. Main Results. The median electrode position variation across reviewers was 1.50 mm for PC-ES scanning and 0.53 mm for photogrammetry, and the average median distance between PC-ES and photogrammetry electrodes was 3.4 mm. These metrics demonstrate comparable performance of iPhone/PC-ES scanning to currently available technology and sufficient accuracy for ESI. Significance. Low cost, portable electrode localization using iPhone scanning removes barriers to ESI in inpatient, outpatient, and remote care settings. While PC-ES has current limitations in user bias and processing time, we anticipate these will improve with software automation techniques as well as future developments in iPhone 3D scanning technology.

Designing women’s shoes and leather goods based on Irish traditional dance «ghillies»

The article presents a retrospective review of the history of the development of traditional Irish shoes «ghillie», its characteristic features, materials of manufacture, the transition from the national traditional to the modern everyday «brogue» model, analysis of modern models of «ghillie» for Irish folk dances, distinctive features of designs depending on type of dance performed. Models from well-known manufacturers of modern everyday «ghillies» are considered, which have retained a characteristic feature in the design — cross lacing; options for combining the style of dance shoes in products of high fashion brands, which indicates the relevance of mixing different stylistic trends in modern fashion. The process of designing shoes and leather goods based on traditional Irish dance «ghillies» is shown, including the development of a design project for a collection of women’s shoes under the motto «Irish disco», the designs of which are built using modern information technologies in the field of designing leather goods. The developed artistic solution for the collection’s models: a cross lacing system and a combination of bright colors will increase the competitiveness of domestic products. The relevance of the work is determined by the priority directions of the Strategy for the Development of Light Industry in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025, as well as the state program «Development of Industry and Increasing its Competitiveness», approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The research is carried out within the framework of the master’s thesis of Semenova U.V. and the candidate’s thesis of Koval E.A., the results of which are planned for implementation in the educational process of the department of «Artistic modeling, design and technology of leather goods» of the Russian State University. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art) in the form of a textbook.

متطلبات توظيف تطبيقات الحاسوب في تدريس من وجهة نظر مدرسي ومدرسات الحاسوب في المرحلة المتوسطة

The current research aimed to know the requirements for employing computer applications in teaching from a teacher’s point of view. For middle school computer teachers, the researcher used the descriptive approach in describing the research topic, as the researcher did. By constructing a questionnaire consisting of three main areas, the first area Includes (7) paragraphs, the second area includes (5) paragraphs, and the third area consists of (4) paragraphs, meaning the questionnaire included (16) paragraphs distributed over three areas: Employing computer applications in teaching, educational programs, and training courses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by presenting it to specialized arbitrators. The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed. The researcher also applied the questionnaire to the research sample, which consisted of (35) teachers and computer teachers for the Intermediate stage of Out of (162) computer teachers and teachers. They were randomly selected from the research community. The questionnaire was applied on 12/24/2021. The results showed that the degree of employing computers in teaching was high (83), and the results also showed that the degree of educational programs was high (82), as well as the degree Training courses were weak (68%). In light of these results, the researcher recommends the following points: Providing a suitable learning environment for employing computers in teaching in educational institutions, The Directorate of Preparation and Training in the General Directorates of Education held training courses for male and female teachers of computer subjects to train them on the use of modern models and strategies in teaching, The necessity of employing educational programs that facilitate students' absorption of the academic content in a manner that is appropriate for the age stages Keyword:(Computer applications,Teaching)

Evolution of the anointing of the Sick Liturgie in the Liturgie Comparee dynamics: mystagogy

The article presents an analysis of the history of the theology of the sacrament of Anointing, an interpretation of its mystagogy using the theory of liturgical evolution liturgie comparée, according to A. Baumstark. We conduct research using the adaptation of the modern method of comparative liturgy, liturgie comparée A. Baumstark. The original theological meaning and purpose of Anointing is reinterpreted - the return of the sick to the sacramental liturgical life of the Church, which is a condition for their holistic recovery. A similar theological understanding formed the basis of the entire further development of the lex orandi of the sacrament of Anointing. The initial simple forms became enriched by monastic and cathedral influences in connection with the daily liturgical life of the Church. With the beginning of the era of book printing and the Renaissance (XV-XVI centuries), the so-called synthetic ranks of the modern model appeared. The liturgy will continue to undergo changes, as evidenced by the spread of the abbreviated rite and the fashion for the general Assembly. In the article, we classified and researched the complex liturgical and theological background of the sacrament of St. Elias in a new way.

Neural network models of apple fruit identification in tree crowns: comparative analysis

The article presents the results of an analysis conducted from 2022 to 2023 to assess the quality of modern neural network models of apple fruit identification in tree crowns shown in images. In order to conduct the studies on identifying the best detector, the following neural networks were used: SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector), YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once, Version 4), YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8. The performance of the considered models of apple fruit identification was assessed using such binary classification metrics as precision, recall, accuracy, F-score, and AUC-ROCTotal (area under the curve). To assess the accuracy in predicting apple fruit identification, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the analyzed neural network models was calculated. The neural network performance analysis used 300 photographs taken at an apple garden. The conducted studies revealed that the SSD model provides lower speed and accuracy, as well as having high requirements for computing resources, which may limit its use in lower performance devices. The YOLOv4 model surpasses the YOLOv5 model in terms of accuracy by 10.2 %, yet the processing speed of the YOLOv5 model is over twice that of the YOLOv4 model. This fact makes the YOLOv5 model preferable for tasks related to real-time big data processing. The YOLOv8 model is superior to the YOLOv7 model in terms of speed (by 37.3 %); however, the accuracy of the YOLOv7 model is 9.4 % higher. The highest area under the Precision-Recall curve amounts to 0.94 when using the YOLOv7 model. This fact suggests a high probability that the classifier can accurately distinguish between the positive and negative values of the apple fruit class. MAPE calculation for the analyzed neural network models showed that the lowest error in apple fruit identification amounted to 5.64 % for the YOLOv7 model as compared to the true value determined using the visual method. The performance analysis of modern neural network models shows that the YOLO family of neural networks provides high speed and accuracy of object detection, which allows them to operate in real time. The use of transfer learning (tuning of only the last layers to solve highly specialized problems) to adjust the performance of models for different apple fruit varieties can further improve the accuracy of apple fruit identification.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Abstract: The software development life cycle (SDLC) process plays an important role in the development and delivery of a software product. This research article provides an in-depth analysis of various SDLC approaches and their unique capabilities, benefits, and challenges. By reviewing traditional and modern SDLC models,this article aims to provide insight to software developers, project managers, and project partners to help them make decisions. Information and development into the entire software development process.

Geographic weighted regression analysis of hot spots of modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Utilization of modern contraceptives is a common healthcare challenge in Ethiopia. Prevalence of modern contraception utilization is varying across different regions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate Geographic weighted regression analysis of hotspots of modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors in Ethiopia, using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data, a total weighted sample of 8,673 women was included in this study. For the Geographic Weighted Regression analysis, Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6, statistical software was used. Spatial regression was done to identify factors associated with the hotspots of modern contraceptive utilization and model comparison was carried out using adjusted R2 and AICc. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. Multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis was fitted for associated factors since the prevalence of modern contraceptive was >10%. In the multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, the adjusted prevalence ratio with the 95% confidence interval was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association. The prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia was 37.25% (95% CI: 36.23%, 38.27%). Most of the hotspot areas were located in Oromia and Amhara regions, followed by the SNNPR region and Addis Ababa City administration. Single Women, poor Women, and more fertility preference were significant predictors of hotspots areas of modern contraceptive utilization. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, Women aged 25-34 years (APR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98), 35-49 years (APR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.83), married marital status (APR = 2.59, 95% CI: 2.18, 3.08), Others religions (APR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.89), number of children 1-4 (APR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.37), no more fertility preference (APR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.32), Afar, Somali, Harari, and Dire Dawa: (APR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.67), (APR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.12), (APR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98), and (APR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98), respectively. Amhara region (APR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.57), rural residence (APR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95) High community wealth index (APR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91) were significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization. There were significant spatial variations of factors affecting modern contraceptive use across regions in Ethiopia. Therefore, public health interventions targeting areas with low modern contraceptive utilization will help to increase modern contraception use considering significant factors at individual and community levels.The detailed map of modern contraceptive use cold spots among reproductive age group and its predictors could assist program planners and decision-makers to design targeted public health interventions.Government of Ethiopia must develop more geographic targeted strategies for improving socioeconomic status of women and availability & accessibility of health facilities in rural areas of the countries.

Связь между отношением к торговым маркам и консюмеризмом

In this article, the author examines the basic conceptual orientations of the processes of formation of a con-sumer society, boundaries with individuals: micro-conflict and micro-functional. In modern models, the media-tor in the consumption process is the brand. As the author's analysis based on data from scientific publications has shown, today there is no generally accepted method for measuring consumerism. The article hypothesizes about the relationship between attitudes toward brands and consumerism, as well as the inclusion of attitudes toward brands in consumerism as a complex multidimensional sociological variable. To test it, a mass survey of Russians over the age of 18 is being conducted, including using the author’s consumerism research scale. The moderate spread of Russians' consumption values is revealed, and significant correlations between con-sumerism and a number of socio-demographic characteristics is described.

Pengembangan Sistem Instruksional Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran di Yayasan Perguruan At-Taufiq SD Swasta

The aim of this research is to explain the development of an instructional system to improve the quality of learning in private elementary schools or elementary schools, The method used in this research is a descriptive research method using qualitative. Data was obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. The development of an instructional system to improve the quality of learning aims to develop an innovative learning system to improve the quality of learning in the school environment. The development methods used include needs analysis, system design, implementation, evaluation and continuous revision. This system is designed to support teacher and student interaction, facilitate technology-based learning, and provide fast feedback. By integrating technology, this system is expected to increase student engagement, improve understanding of concepts, and optimize the teaching and learning process. This research contributes to the development of modern learning models that can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of learning in schools.

Building a Digital Education Library

As a formal institutional structure, university libraries represent at their core the collective knowledge and opportunity for deep personalised learning and professional development across the traditionalist subject matters. As professionals working within rapidly-evolving fields of online learning, in particular those around Learning Design, we do not have this same level of access or historical record as more traditional subjects (Elmborg, 2011). The Digital Education Library is an exploration of bridging this gap in a collaborative, co-curated, less formal approach to professional development. In adapting the library structure to meet the needs and breadth of our team, we also have the opportunity to modernise for access and inclusion. This design accounts for the needs of modern hybrid work models and encourages recognition of the breadth of skills, knowledge, and interests existing within our own team structures. The [institution]’s Digital Education division comprises of four smaller areas; a Learning Design, Learning Media, Learning Environments, and Exams &amp; e-Assessments teams, under its broader banner. These interconnected roles each add value and contexts to library content and design (Ilahi et al., 2019). With a diverse team from dispersed locations, curation and access to digital resources and physical books are embedded in the design to normalise and facilitate hybrid teams. With these factors considered, building a Digital Education library gathers a broad range of themes related to third space design needs. The platform chosen utilises a hybrid approach (UNESCO, 2003), alongside a physical library of works, focused on not just instructional design, but a broad range of adjacent themes related to the areas of the Digital Education division – assessment design, media and graphic design, user experience, learning design, academic development, as well as works focused on the scholarship of teaching &amp; learning, leadership, team culture, and data literacy. The range of themes explored is intentionally designed to foster partnerships between areas of the team, and hold intentional and visible space for professional development. Agency within the team is also fostered through opportunity for co-creation, through the option for team members to easily share resources they’ve found interesting, with relevant tags, descriptors, and templates. This presentation will explore the Digital Education Library and its design process, from its dual perspective roles as both a library of digital education, and a digital library of education.

Функционально-экологическая оценка и моделирование транспирации древостоя лесной экосистемы в условиях Москвы по данным IoT-систем мониторинга

The priority tasks of ecology include the development of modern systems of ecological monitoring and modeling of forest ecosystems, one of the main integral indicators of the functioning of which is the seasonal dynamics of stand transpiration. Most modern transpiration models are based on remote sensing data and operate on a very large scale. There are single models based on direct measurement of sap flow, which are difficult for ecologically sound geoinformation extrapolation on the territory of forest biogeocenoses with an area of several hectares, which is especially important for urban forest parks. The model we are planning should overcome these shortcomings. The article presents an approach to the assessment and modeling of the transpiration of the forest ecosystem stand according to the data of IoT monitoring systems in the Petrovsko-Razumovskoye integrated Nature reserve. Keywords: TRANSPIRATION, IOT, EDDY COVARIANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Pollution, knowledge and coping strategy and life expectancy in oil producing communities

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between pollution and life expectancy in oil producing communities, where there is a dearth of empirical evidence on how knowledge and coping strategy, agriculture and foreign capital inflows mediate the relationship between pollution and life expectancy.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a cross sectional survey design to analyze the roles of knowledge and coping strategy, agriculture and foreign capital inflows in the relationship between pollution and life expectancy in Benekuku and Okpai oil producing communities in the Niger Delta. The study employed the modern structural equation modeling (SEM) estimator.FindingsEstimates show the mediating effect of agriculture on air pollution-longevity (coeff. = 0.398; t-value = 4.425; p < 0.05) and (coeff. = −0.120; t-value = −3.862; p < 0.05) mediating effect of foreign capital. The result revealed that agriculture and foreign capital inflows are significant mediators in pollution-life expectancy relations, affirming the Niger Delta as a pollution haven. However, knowledge and coping strategy with estimate of (coeff. = 0.233; t-value = 6.150; p < 0.05) spurs life expectancy.Practical implicationsThe study suggests knowledge of hazard identification and reporting and awareness of coping strategy as the panacea to poor life expectancy rate in these local oil producing communities.Originality/valueThe study departs from existing works by estimating the mediating roles of agriculture and foreign capital inflow in air pollution-Life expectancy by controlling for knowledge and coping strategy using the structural equation model with ethical approval from Health Ethics Research Committee.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2022-0734

MEDICAL AND SOCIAL REASONING FOR IMPROVING THE ORGANISATION OF PREVENTING AND FIGHTING SKIN CANCER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Scientific reasoning for improving the organisation of cancer prevention and the providing onco-dermatological care to the population in the conditions of the public health system development.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The article includes the method of system approach as well as bibliosemantic, epidemiological, medical and statistical, sociological, expert assessment, content analysis, structural and logical analysis, modelling methods. Sources of information are the data from scientific literature, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, the sociological research among various groups of participants in providing healthcare services and strategic documents of the national and international levels.&#x0D; Results. Unfavourable trends in skin malignancies spread, an increase in their contribution to the burden of the disease and the imperfection of the organisation of skin cancer prevention and the onco-dermatological care to the population were revealed. According to the principles of the state policy and the recommendations of the international organisations the directions of improving the preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic services were reasoned out on the basis of the data from the scientific literature, epidemiological research, spread, locational, gender and age peculiarities of skin cancer among the population, risk factors for their development, estimating the health care resource support, scale and results of the activities, studies of the patients, doctors and health care professionals' opinions. The modern functional-organisational model of the prevention system and control of skin cancer in the conditions of the public health system development with the definition of its principles, structures and functions was reasoned and worked out.&#x0D; Conclusions. The practical implementation of the measures for improving the prevention organisation and therapeutic and diagnostic work to fight skin cancer and the developed functional and organisational model of the system of prevention and control of onco-dermatological pathology in conditions of the public health development will effectively prevent onco-dermatological diseases, reduce the burden of skin cancer, improve people’s health and health care performance indicators and contribute to the health care sustainable development and the population’s well-being.