Modern Methods Of Construction Research Articles

The role of Dutch civil engineering in modern port planning in Japan (1870s–1890s)

ABSTRACT In the mid-nineteenth century, civil engineering and technological innovation began to play a major role in the modernization and westernization of Japan. From the 1870s to the 1890s, Dutch civil engineers worked with Japanese practitioners on the design of Japanese ports, a key starting point for urban development. This article explores the role of port and port city planning by Dutch civil engineers on the development of Japanese engineering and planning practice following modern construction methods and technology. It explores the degree to which port and water planning proposals that were associated with foreign forces influenced the development of civil engineering-inspired urban planning practice in Japan. The article examines three case studies of port planning: Nobiru, Mikuni and Yokohama. It shows that comprehensive planning proposals by the Dutch engineers, who combined water management and the construction of port basins and breakwaters with city development, were only partially implemented because they were not aligned with Japanese natural and technical conditions. Instead, Japanese professionals stripped the proposals of the urban context and adopted engineering technology. The fascine mattress technique for breakwaters and imported steam dredging machines became key elements for the construction of basins and the maintenance of modern port function.

Detailed feasibility study of the pre-cast reinforced concrete project and its importance in the construction of Iraq


 Purpose: Providing practical knowledge of the requirements of a detailed feasibility study for selecting the investment project.
 Findings: Directing the private sector towards investing in productive projects - the pre-cast reinforced concrete project - as it achieves a financial return as well as providing Providing foreign currencies by reducing imports and exploiting available natural resources
 Practical implications: The importance of a detailed feasibility study to determining whether the project can be implemented or not.
 The precast concrete method is one of the best modern construction methods (high quality, low cost and fast to implement).
 Social implications: Rapid treatment of destroyed infrastructure, consequently restoring stability to liberated areas, and community reconstruction.
 Providing additional job opportunities that are sustainable, which contributes to reducing unemployment. And Reducing environmental pollutants.
 Originality/value: The research has the value of originality, as it deals with the details of an industrial project in several aspects (technical, legal, environmental and economic impacts).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Abstract
 The feasibility study for the investor of the project is considered as the guide that illuminates a path towards safe investment, as it cares about the investment opportunity and reaching the final decision to accept the opportunity and convert it from just an idea to a project or reject it.
 As a result of the increasing need in Iraq to complete the construction work of the service sector (health, education and housing) in addition to reconstructing the provinces that were exposed to military operations, it was necessary to find alternatives that are characterized by low costs and fast delivery, also to finding solutions to the problem of government's inability to finance investment projects. Therefore, it was suggested that the private sector invests in a Pre-cast project to solve this problem.
 The project site chosen in Anbar Governorate / Fallujah district because the site has several advantages, the most important one is the availability of raw materials, Also the roads connecting the province to the nearby governorates. The total area of ​​the project is (23,200)m2 and consists of a line for production roofs with a capacity of 650 m 3/ day and a line for production walls with a capacity of 1000 m 3/ day. The expected duration of completing the project is one year and the productive life of the project is ten years. On the basis of the expected demand, the expenses and revenues were estimated and analyzed to reach an evaluation of the project's economic feasibility, where the expected internal rate of return for the project (IRR) (38%) and the recovery period is two years and 4 months.

홍성 어린이 숲 체험관 실증구축 설계안 분석

Purpose: The research team for the development of hanok technology is conducting research to develop new technologies for the distribution and spread of hanok and to redefine various hanok architectural systems, including Shinhanok, and is also conducting research on demonstration projects, a test bed to realize this. The demonstration construction project is basically conducted in cooperation with local governments to apply research results to public buildings needed in the area. It consists of demonstration construction for verification of existing hanok and new types of hanok. The existing empirical construction case was a compromise attempt to apply modern technology and construction methods without much deviating from the traditional hanok framework. Attention is focused on the fact that the Children’s Forest Experience Center, which is underway through the three-stage research, provides a new hanok paradigm, along with experimental attempts to break away from the existing hanok composition system or order in terms of shape and materials. Method: Therefore, this study focuses on the design plan of Hongseong Children’s Forest Experience Center and analyzes the characteristics and problems shown in the design process and basic design to derive distinctive features from existing hanok-oriented public buildings. Result: Based on this, by presenting a new type of Shinhanok-type public building design techniques, we will provide basic data that can contribute to the spread of various hanok architectures in the future.

An Analysis of Repeating Thermal Bridges from Timber Frame Fraction in Closed Panel Timber Frame Walls: A Case Study from Wales, UK

Calculating Repeating Thermal Bridges (RTBs) for Timber Frame (TF) closed panels that could occur in Offsite Manufactured (OSM) Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), such as exterior walls for nearly-to-zero operational energy dwellings to be constructed in Wales, United Kingdom (UK) is discussed in this paper. Detailed calculations for linear RTBs due to the TF components are often neglected when evaluating thermal transmittance (known as U-values hereafter). The use of standard TF fractions does not allow the designer to perceive their detrimental impact on RTBs and consequent U-values for exterior walls. With the increase of the thermal performance of exterior walls and as such lower U-values due to ever-tightening Building Regulations, specifically related to the energy use and carbon emissions from the space heating of dwellings, then the impacts of RTBs requires more investigation. By not calculating the potential of linear RTB at the design stage could lead to a performance gap where assumed U-values for exterior walls differ from manufacture to onsite. A TF detail from the Welsh manufacture has been chosen as a case study, to develop and apply a methodology using manufacturing drawings to evaluate TF fraction and their effect on the thermal performance.

Effect of human resources management and advances to improve construction project performance

The existence of a professional construction management agency has already accepted in the construction business in Indonesia. The outcome of the services has expected to improve overall project success. In the aim to obtain a more comprehensive figure of performances both from a financial and non-financial point of view, the PMBOK knowledge area is proposed to be tailored into a balanced scorecard based performance measurement. The foundation of the strategic map is ‘learning or growth’ perspective, where improvement is necessary to increase the organization's internal ‘business process’ perspective. Review of existing literature shows that construction project team's achievement generally measured by scope, cost, schedule, and quality performance, initially contributed by human resource management and advances. As the result of the study, human resource management shall comprise of competence, the role of project manager, recognition and reward, facility, and lesson learned. Advances shall include technology, building information modeling, modern method of construction, and emerging management technique. Furthermore, analysis of the relations between those elements is important for the agency's scoreboard model development.

Mainstreaming pre-manufactured offsite processes in construction – are we nearly there?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of popular modern methods of construction (MMC) and pre-manufactured construction in the construction industry and propose a framework for future implications for practice and future research.Design/methodology/approachThis technical paper is based on a narrative review of the extant literature on the subject. First, the Scopus search engine was used to retrieve relevant papers on MMC, offsite and pre-manufactured construction. Second, institutional literature such as reports by industry professional and trade bodies, literature from leading technology firms and contractors with experience of MMC were extracted. These two strands of literature were synthesised and a comprehensive discussion on the topic was provided.FindingsResults show that journal publications on MMC and pre-manufactured construction have increased in the past decade. The paper found significant advances in the development of premanufactured and offsite construction approaches with many benefits. Offsite and pre-manufactured construction are viable and sustainable systems currently suitable for wider adoption as the mainstream construction method.Research limitations/implicationsThis technical paper based on an integrative review of relevant literature could have benefitted from interviews of professionals with experience of offsite and pre-manufacture techniques and from wider availability of current academic publications on the subject. Validation of the framework has not been undertaken.Originality/valueNot much-published work has been undertaken on the current state of development globally and the viability of these construction approaches. This paper evaluates evidence from academic and industry sources to address this gap. A framework has been developed which can help the industry’s industrialisation drive.

A new paradigm in a low-rise housing construction

The article highlights the structure of consumer demand in the individual real estate market. Construction technologies based on "prefab housing" (construction of houses from prefabricated factory structures) are described. The transition from on-site manufacturing technologies (erection of houses directly at construction sites) to modern construction methods ("off-site manufacturing" house building) is described.

Current working and production conditions in the Swiss bricklaying trade

Using the example of the Swiss bricklaying apprenticeship, the article explores how current structural production and working conditions worsen apprentices’ training conditions. Based on qualitative interviews with apprentices, three developments in the construction industry and the influence on training conditions in medium-sized and large companies are discussed. Stress and profitability pressure on construction sites limit the access to challenging activities for apprentices, the possibility for guidance and the establishment of an error culture. The dominance of modern construction methods on large construction sites and a trend towards piecework reduce learning opportunities for certain traditional construction techniques. The influence of these structural conditions also depends on how companies deal with these challenges, from which recommendations for action in practice can be derived.

The management of minority heritage: critical challenges to Vietnamese Catholic heritage seen from the case study of Bui Chu Cathedral

ABSTRACT On 1 August 2020, wrecking balls began to demolish the Catholic cathedral in Bui Chu town, in the Vietnamese province of Nam Dinh, putting an end to more than a decade of lively debate over whether the 1885 cathedral building was to be preserved. The losing camp had favoured retaining the original structure and taking essential steps to enhance its integrity and safety; the prevailing camp argued to demolish the old church and replace it with a (larger) replica built with modern construction methods and materials. The present paper examines the positions and alignments among various actors, including church clergy, state officials at different levels, scholars of religion, heritage experts, journalists, and congregation members. These debates involved complex questions of the continuity and value of colonial heritage, the effectiveness of Vietnam’s legal system for protecting built heritage, and the sensitive historical relations between the state and Vietnam’s Catholic minority.

APPLICATION OF THE AHP MODEL TO DETERMINE PREFAB HOUSING ADOPTION FACTORS FOR DEVELOPERS IN LAGOS STATE

Research has shown that there is presently a housing deficit of about 17 million housing units in Nigeria, yet it appears that the concerted efforts that have been put in place by the government to address this issue have not yielded the expected results. Although the Nigerian government in its Vision 2020 policy document recognized that one of the ways of resolving the issue of providing adequate housing in Nigeria is to change from the traditional brick and mortar system to modern construction methods like prefab housing, not much has been done to promote the adoption of this new method by the relevant stakeholders, among whom are the developers. This study employed a survey research approach using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to investigate the most important factors that developers take into consideration when they build a house. There are several different types of prefab housing and knowledge of what the developers’ consider key factors and priorities would make it possible to determine the type of prefab housing that best fits their needs. This information could provide the basis to design a government marketing strategy to promote prefab housing to both the developers and their customers. Since the judgments will be provided by developers in Lagos State, they will be customized for the conditions and preferences of the developers and citizens there. Therefore, the government and organizations will be able to give priority to these identified factors when formulating relevant strategies to promote the building of more prefab housing.

Towards adopting off-site construction in housing sectors as a potential source of competitive advantage for builders

ABSTRACT One of significant advancement of techniques in the construction industry is off-site construction (OSC) technique that has existed for long but only recently gaining leverage from the advances in manufacturing. OSC carries much potential and even termed as the modern method of construction. OSC has been identified as an effective solution to address speed expectations and quality issues facing the global construction industry. Particular to the housing sectors such as in Western Australia (WA), implementing OSC holds significant potentials but has also been considered risky by local builders, hence its lower uptake in WA. However, risks are often double-edged and rewards may be waiting for builders willing to take on the risks and become the main OSC providers. This paper presents the findings from a research project aiming to explore OSC adoption as a potential source of competitive advantage through the first mover advantage (FMA). The data collection was designed to capture potentials of gaining competitive advantage based on the existing characteristics of the sector. While confirming the potential of OSC adoption as a source of competitiveness, findings also revealed the barriers and enablers in adopting OSC in WA followed by identifying the critical success factors of OSC adoption in WA to gain competitive advantage. Findings from the data analysis were then aggregated to form a holistic framework showing the interconnectedness between differentiation/focus, cost leadership and FMA. This novel framework is considered the main contribution of the research that can be used to support house builders in gaining competitive advantage by implementing OSC.

The Multidimensional Forced-Choice Format as an Alternative for Rating Scales

The Multidimensional Forced-Choice Format as an Alternative for Rating Scales

Economic effects of migrant labor on industrialized building system (IBS) adoption in the Malaysian construction industry

ABSTRACT The Malaysian government has been encouraging industrialized building system (IBS) adoption as a modern method of construction to improve the precision of material and workmanship. However, the migration of foreign labor to Malaysia from its neighboring countries that offer comparatively lower income has affected IBS adoption in construction projects. In this study, economic perspectives were explored in conjunction with migrant labor, as this is vital to evaluate their influences on IBS adoption. Interview surveys were conducted to gather inputs on the real scenario of IBS implementation in the Malaysian construction industry, with the utilization of a qualitative narrative analysis technique. QSR NVivo Version 12.0 software was used to aid the organization and analysis of the data from the taped and transcribed interviews. Qualitative results show that the most significant economic factor related to migrant labor that influenced IBS adoption is labor cost, followed by project price, labor availability and project competition. These factors can be considered in the development of manpower guidelines which then can be used to assist the construction stakeholders in the decision-making of IBS adoption in construction projects.

Synthesis of Modern Construction Methods and Local Building Materials: A Drive to Revive Yoruba Vernacular Architecture

African vernacular architecture is considered to be one of the notable architecture in the world. This is due to its iconic and cultural representation with very little effort expended on achieving it. The preservation of vernacular buildings has been very difficult across African continents especially in Nigeria. Yoruba vernacular architecture, predominantly in south-western part of Nigeria is in a serious dilapidating state, this is as a result of the drastic shift from the locally sourced building materials to the modern imported ones. Hence, this paper reviews and analyses the causes of the deplorable state of Yoruba vernacular buildings with a view to suggesting appropriate measures to be taken in reviving and preserving them.However, some locally sourced building materials which are adjudged to be economical and sustainable are identified and possible ways of synthesizing them with modern construction methods as a process deemed capable of redeeming the Yoruba vernacular architecture are suggested and discussed. Keywords: African Vernacular Architecture, Yoruba vernacular architecture, Local materials, foreign materials, Indigenous technologies and modern construction methods. DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/65-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2020

Modern Construction Methods (MMC) in Saudi Arabia: Evaluation Aspects and Barriers

Modern Construction Methods (MMC) in Saudi Arabia: Evaluation Aspects and Barriers Dr. Ali Ali Shash, Mohammed Alawad Abstract Several modern methods of construction (MMC) are implemented to construct houses in Saudi Arabia to close the gap between the demand and supply of housing units. This study aims to evaluate the MMC based on various features, and to identify hindering factors of implementing MMC. The required data were gathered from MMC contractors, through a questionnaire survey. MMC are found to share encouraging and undesirable features in produced housing units and differ in several others. The high initial and operating costs, dominance of the traditional building method, lack of professionals are the highest critical factors affecting the implementation of MMC. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jea.v8n2a8

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ЛИНИЙ СВЯЗИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДА АЛМАТЫ

The article provides a brief analysis of the condition of the National transport network NISM (national information superhighway) based on fiber-optic communication lines, where work is being carried out on the construction of the DWDM backbone network (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing), increasing the power of external Internet channels, expanding the installed capacity of the DWDM backbone network equipment, ensuring traffic protection, and building a fiber-optic network to connect new corporate clients. The article also provides information about the state Program "Digital Kazakhstan", which aims to accelerate economic development and improve the quality of life of the population through the use of modern digital technologies in the future and create a digital economy of the future in the long term. Brief information on the draft program for the introduction of broadband Internet access for SNP was provided (Rural localities), where the basis for the implementation of this program is the FOCL. The features of the fiber-optic cable where the main element is the optical fiber (OF), are reflected. OF is currently considered the most advanced medium for transmitting information, which allows you to transfer large flows of information over long distances without additional costs. Attention is paid to the issues of designing the FOL, which consists of several stages and documents. Also, attention is paid to the problems in the design of the FOCL. In order to reduce the time of development of projects on FOCL, it is recommended to use electronic tools, among which we can highlight the program "Calculation of self-supporting cables" of Incab. At the end of the article, information about the methods of construction of the FOCL is briefly given, as well as a description of the experiment, the results of the study and the conclusion. Subject of research. The subject of the article is modern methods of design and construction of fiber optic systems. Purpose of work. To consider modern methods of design and construction of FOCL on the example of the city of Almaty (a suburban area with a complex mountain terrain). Methodology and methods. The research is based on the analysis of the National superhighway, the "Digital Kazakhstan" Program, as well as the program for the introduction of broadband Internet access for rural localities, which is based on the FOCL. A brief analysis of the transport network of communication (telecommunications) in the territory of Almaty with different types of technologies such as PDH, SDH and gradually introduced new technology DWDM.

Contemporary Methods of Construction for Social Deficit in Housing in India

In India the housing shortage is much severe with an estimated shortage of around 18 million houses, with 99% of this is in the economically weaker sections of society. Social housing is the housing system provided for people with low income by government agencies or non-profit organizations. This research paper is about the study of the methods of construction that is adopted in social housing system which will help in improving the social deficit in the housing sector. The study is done with the help of live case studies on housing projects in and around Hyderabad which comes under the flagship programme JNNURM for economically weaker section. The study concluded that the contemporary methods of construction is considered to be advantageous as the government does not provide enough funds for the housing projects and also the contractors are not willing to take any risk and pay for any other modern method of construction.

THE RELEVANCE OF COORDINATION OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POLYGONOMETRY OF DENSIFICATION WITH THE POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN ELECTRONIC DEVICES

At different stages of development of polygonometric networks, different methods of measuring lines were used to ensure the appropriate accuracy of a specific category of moves. At the present stage, geodetic production is provided with a sufficient number of high-precision electronic total stations, which are the main means of measuring lines in polygonometry. However, the features and possibilities of their application are still not taken into account in the normative geodetic literature.With modern construction methods of polygonometry, the measurement of angles and lines in the course of different categories is practically, in accuracy and labor costs, no different. And one-stage construction provides network rigidity, considerably reduces measurement errors of initial data on moves of lower accuracy. Alignment of a continuous network on all territory of the settlement allows to receive uniform accuracy of points, to increase reliability of their definition.The article analyzes the normative literature of the long-term construction of densification polygonometry, discusses the categories of networks and the stages of their construction. It is concluded that the instructions do not correspond to the modern methods of measurement with electronic total stations. It was concluded that it is necessary to agree on the accuracy of linear and angular measurements and stages of building densification polygonometry, to elaborate the conditions for building survey networks at the current stage, to determine the relationship between the cost of work in various categories of networks.

Environmental sustainability of off-site manufacturing: a literature review

PurposeOff-site manufacturing (OSM) is a modern method of construction that brings various environmental sustainability benefits for stakeholders. The increasing take-up of OSM in practice has attracted much research interest in its environmental sustainability. However, a holistic understanding of these previous research studies is still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically review the existing body of knowledge regarding the environmental sustainability of OSM.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative content analysis was adopted to systematically and objectively review 55 related historical studies.FindingsThree research themes were identified, including environmental sustainability assessment and performance, environmental sustainability strategies and critical environmental sustainability factors. A detailed discussion of the three themes was conducted to depict a whole picture of the current explorations in the research field. Additionally, a research framework was developed to articulate the interrelationship between the research themes and their specific research topics. Scientific research gaps were identified together with the future research directions in terms of sustainability strategies, performance impacting factors, sustainability indicators and drawbacks resulted from OSM application.Originality/valueThe literature review promotes construction stakeholders’ in-depth understanding about the environmental sustainability of OSM, which offers valuable implications for green industry practice. Additionally, it highlights the future research trends, which facilitates further explorations in the research area.

Geospatial assessment methods for geotechnical asset management of legacy railway embankments

Most British railway embankments were constructed between 120 and 180 years ago without the benefit of modern design and construction methods. This can result in undesirable load-deformation characteristics and consequent disruption to present-day railway operations, for which there is unprecedented demand. Annual rail passenger kilometres have approximately doubled in the last 20 years and freight has increased by 60% over the same period. Whereas elements such as rails or bridges can be refurbished or replaced to meet increasing demand, the same is not usually feasible for embankments. Development of techniques to assess embankment performance risks posed by operational capacity enhancements is therefore of increasing significance to railway geotechnical asset management. The two case studies presented in this paper demonstrate how geospatial analysis and data management techniques may be applied to this challenge at both strategic (regional or national) and tactical (site-specific) scales for embankments incorporating plastic clay fill. The case studies also demonstrate, in a world of ever more abundant data, the growing need for engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers to augment their traditional knowledge with comprehensive data management and geospatial analysis skills, these being essential for modern infrastructure asset management. Thematic collection: This article is part of the ‘Ground-related risk to transportation infrastructure’ collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/Ground-related-risk-to-transportation-infrastructure