Modern Literature Research Articles

Background: Bone desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare, locally aggressive, benign tumor. Due to its low incidence, studies on the topic have been limited to case reports and a few case series. This review aims to summarize modern literature on bone DF and provide an overview of its clinical presentation and prognostic horizons after surgical treatment. Methods: We systematically searched for articles reporting on DFs treated surgically. Our research was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus articles between 1958 and 2025. Lesions’ location and size, tumors’ symptoms, the surgical treatment of choice, and the recurrence rates at patients’ latest follow-up were recorded. Results: A total of 97 articles and 187 cases were included. The mean age was 24.3. There was no gender difference. The lower limb was the most common localization (87 cases; 47%), followed by the upper limb (48; 26%), mandible (27; 14%), spine (17; 9%), and other sites (8; 4%). Pain was detected in 73% of cases and swelling in 53%. Seventeen patients (11%) had pathological fractures. Focal resections and curettage were the most common surgical treatments. Thirty-eight cases (23%), most treated with intralesional curettage, had local recurrence after a mean follow-up of 63 months. Conclusions: Despite its low incidence, desmoplastic fibromas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of symptomatic osteolytic bone lesions. Although curettage can be considered as a reasonable solution for selected cases, wide resections are recommended when feasible to minimize the risk of local recurrence.

Background: Ojas, as described in classical Ayurvedic texts, is considered the vital essence (Bala) responsible for sustaining life and health. Traditionally correlated with immunity, its qualities also resemble those of glucose, the primary energy substrate in modern physiology. This study aimed to explore the conceptual and functional overlap between Ojas and systemic glucose. Objective:To critically reassess the traditional interpretation of Ojas and establish its functional and conceptual correlation with systemic glucose, thus proposing a broader physiological role beyond immunity. Materials and Methods: A qualitative textual review of classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya was undertaken. Commentaries and modern scientific literature concerning glucose metabolism, hypoglycemia, and diabetes mellitus were analyzed thematically. Results: Parallels were observed between Ojas and glucose regarding developmental origin, energy metabolism, systemic distribution, depletion features, and disease analogies (e.g., Madhumeha and diabetes mellitus). Discussion: The findings suggest that Ojas may represent a broader Ayurvedic concept encompassing metabolic energy, with physiological behavior akin to that of glucose, especially in energy regulation and disease states.

ABSTRACT This essay discusses how post‐#MeToo consciousness, shaped by multiple factors in South Korea, has influenced the teaching of modernist literature at a South Korean women's college. It examines how texts like Mrs Dalloway and St. Mawr resonate with students who are rethinking marriage, gender roles, and national belonging. It also proposes pairing A Room of One's Own with the Korean novel Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982 , widely recognized as #MeToo literature and internationally circulated. The essay highlights how feminist pedagogy enables students to read canonical works as tools for navigating their own lived experiences, shaped by gendered violence, precarity, and a desire for alternative futures. It argues for a reading practice that bridges literature and life, fostering critical empathy and feminist imagination.

The purpose of this research is to describe the line of development of the modern Turkish children's literature. To this end, 52 of the children's books that were published between 1914 and 2008 were selected based on expert opinion by giving priority to those that reflect the characteristics of the period. The selected books were examined in terms of the basic variables (topic, message, character, language and expression) of children's literature. As a result of the examination, the following findings and results were obtained: Heroism, national values and education in the 1930s; socialism, solidarity and national values in the 1960s; and emotions, nature and child in the post-1980 period can be listed among the topics of children's literature products. The messages come into focus which are based on such elements as good citizenship in the 1930s; the development of the sense of solidarity in the 1960s; and happiness and individualization in the post-1980 period. In this respect, similar changes are detected in characters as well. On the other hand, the effect of the Language Reform can be obviously seen on language and expression in the 1930s. It is also possible to talk about the same effect in the post-1930 period. As a result, it can be said that there exist a remarkable line of change that can be characterized as "development" in modern Turkish children's literature from 1914 to 2008.

ABSTRACT This essay examines the pedagogical challenges and opportunities of teaching Edmund Spenser's “Book of Chastity” from The Faerie Queene (1590/1596) to South Korean undergraduate women in the post‐#MeToo era. Set against the backdrop of student protests against campus sexual misconduct, the study explores how an early modern English poem portraying non‐consensual relationships is received in a contemporary, all‐female academic setting. Through a case study of an upper‐level course on women and literature, the research investigates students' responses to Spenser's allegory, focusing on its treatment of female agency and consent within the prevailing rape culture. The essay highlights the complexities of bridging early modern literature with current discussions on gender and consent, examining students' critical engagement with a male‐authored canon addressing chastity and consent. By exploring these pedagogical experiences, the study contributes to the ongoing dialog about teaching historically significant and yet potentially problematic texts in a modern, culturally specific context, while remaining sensitive to evolving perspectives on gender, consent, and literary interpretation in the wake of the #MeToo movement.

The study focuses on gender fluidity and queer identity representation in modern American literature by comparing the texts Among the Bloodpeople (2006) by Thomas Glave and The Cosmopolitans (2016) by Sarah Schulman. Drawing on Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity, this paper examines how the authors negotiate the complex interrelationships among sexuality, race, diaspora, and urban queer lives. The analysis of the research suggests the use of narrative tools and methods that break heteronormative patterns and reveal the real lives of people belonging to the LGBTQ+ community. The results show that both authors use different yet similar ways of exemplifying queer subjectivity: Glave through fragmented accounts of the Jamaican diaspora and corporeal violence, and Schulman through the banalities of gentrified urban locations. The gap in the research was the inadequate comparative scholarship that examined how African diasporic and Jewish-American queer narratives construct gender fluidity in distinct ways, yet are characterized by resistance to normative identity categories. The paper furthers the field of queer literary studies by showing how modern literature serves as a site of resistance and visibility, as well as a space for the renegotiation of gender and sexual identities outside binary categories.

Major hepatectomy for patients after ytrium-90 (Y-90) treatment is technically difficult due to both intra- and extrahepatic fibroinflammatory changes induced by the radiembolization.1-5 Technical challenges at liver mobilization, inflow pedicle dissection and division, inferior vena cava (IVC) dissection, and parenchymal transection often discourage liver surgeons to use a minimally invasive approach in this circumstance. Although the robotic approach is considered best for technically difficult resections with potential vascular resection, detailed description of this operation in modern literature is limited. This report describes our standardized approach and the technical feasibility of robotic right hepatectomy after Y-90 radioembolization for recurrent colorectal liver metastasis with significant IVC contact. A 63year-old man with stage IV colon cancer presented with a recurrent 3.9cm dorsal segment 7 hepatic lesion abutting the lateral wall of the IVC. He had previously undergone primary colonic resection using an open method, systemic chemotherapy treatment, and radioembolization 9 years earlier. Preoperative imaging with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scan confirmed an isolated hypermetabolic mass consistent with metastatic tumor. Robotic formal right hepatectomy was undertaken under intermittent Pringle maneuvers as necessary. Due to dense fibrosis around the right perihilar region from the radioembolization preventing safe individual inflow vascular dissection, the intrahepatic Glissonean approach was used to transect the right anterior and posterior pedicle individually after initial parenchymal transection. Significant hypertrophy of the left hepatic lobe and atrophy of the right hepatic lobe after radioembolization also led to a positional rotation of the hilar region, which added further complexity to the hilar dissection. Once the liver was open-booked, IVC-tumor dissection was performed using the dual-bipolar Maryland technique under a low central venous pressure condition (<5mmHg). The procedure was completed uneventfully with minimal blood loss. The postoperative recovery was uncomplicated, leading to a hospital discharge on postoperative day 4. The final pathology report confirmed a metastatic adenocarcinoma with negative resection margins. At the 1-year follow-up assessment, the patient remained disease-free. Robotic major hepatectomy after Y-90 is a particularly difficult operation technically due to several factors. Fibrotic changes in the hepatic hilum due to postprocedural and radiation-induced inflammation often lead to challenging dissection around the hepatic artery and portal vein while gaining inflow vascular control. The atrophy-hypertrophy changes of the liver lobes also lead to a rotation/anatomic shift of the porta hepatis, making extrahepatic isolation of the hepatic artery and portal vein more challenging. The fibroinflammatory reaction after Y-90 is associated with increased adhesions to the diaphragm and paracaval region during right hepatic lobe mobilization. This is more clinically relevant in cases of large tumors near or in contact with the IVC, as in the current case. Separation of the tumor off the IVC wall may require venorrhaphy and advanced suturing skills to avoid major hemorrhage. Inflamed and fibrotic changes within the liver parenchyma also increase the technical challenge during deep hepatic transection, which often are associated with more bleeding from highly fragile intrahepatic capillaries when the liver is transected. Finally, the dissection and final transection of the right hepatic vein off the IVC is often technically demanding due to the fibrosis that occurs around the hepatocaval confluence making smooth application of linear vascular stapler somewhat technically challenging. Despite of the technical challenges related to radioembolization, robotic major hepatectomy with paracaval tumor dissection obtaining R-0 margins is safe and feasible. Previous Y-90 therapy did not preclude a successful application of minimally invasive robotic resection with excellent clinical and oncologic outcomes.

Introduction. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the incidence of which has increased in recent decades, is a significant global health problem due to its aggressive behavior and high mortality rates. According to statistics, the 5-year survival rate of patients diagnosed with this disease is only 25-30%. This determines the urgent need to clarify the pathogenetic basis of this type of oncological process and develop new approaches to the treatment of the disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress play one of the key roles in the progression of AML, therefore antioxidants are currently considered as adjuncts to the main treatment. Aim. To analyze modern literature sources and identify the main directions of AML maintenance therapy using antioxidants. Materials and methods. The search and selection of publications, systematic reviews and current recommendations were carried out using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Abstracts of publications were studied and articles that did not meet the study criteria were excluded. The full texts of selected articles were examined for compliance with the study criteria. Results. Natural antioxidants, which have low toxicity and also have the ability to inhibit tumor progression in AML without affecting healthy cells, can be considered as effective means of supportive therapy, especially for elderly patients and those with weakened immunity. In cases where antioxidants are administered simultaneously with chemotherapy, they enhance its antitumor effect, while protecting healthy cells and tissues from toxicity directly associated with the main treatment, increasing patient survival. Conclusions. Due to the heterogeneity of AML, significant comorbidity and the likelihood of variable response to conventional treatment, the search and study of the effectiveness of efficacious natural agents of supportive therapy for this incurable disease is timely and clinically justified.

The 19th-century English novella occupies a unique position within literary history, bridging the gap between the short story and the novel. This study examines the development of the English novella in the context of Romanticism, Realism, and Naturalism, highlighting the influence of European literary traditions and socio-cultural changes in England. The novella’s structure, psychological depth, and symbolic dimensions are analyzed, emphasizing its capacity to portray social realities, moral dilemmas, and individual consciousness. Special attention is given to the depiction of women and gender issues, revealing how novellas engaged with social constraints and intellectual pursuits. Overall, the research demonstrates that the 19th-century English novella functioned as both a compact narrative form and a medium for social and psychological insight, establishing a foundation for later modernist literature.

When poetry travels across cultures, misunderstanding and mistranslation are almost inevitable due to differences in language, historical context, and cultural traditions. Yet, literary translation simultaneously facilitates the circulation, development, and renewal of culture. Ezra Pound, as both a distinguished poet and translator, assimilated elements from Japanese haiku and classical Chinese poetry to create unprecedented poetic imagery within modernist literature. On the one hand, he rendered a wide range of Chinese texts, including The Book of Songs and poems by Li Bai and Wang Wei. In traditional Chinese discourse, writing emphasizes the expression of “implication”, whereas translation must not only capture textual meaning but also anticipate the reception of unseen readers. On the other hand, Pound transformed poetic images into forms familiar to his cultural environment, thereby reshaping their resonance in English. Focusing on Pound’s translation of terms such as “city”, “wall” and “corner” in Li Bai’s poetry, this paper examines how imagery is transformed and reinterpreted in the process of cross-cultural communication.

This article examines the reconstruction of legal discovery methodology in Islamic legal philosophy through a comparative analysis of three classical approaches: Bayani theory, ta‘lil, and istislahi, in response to legal challenges in the contemporary context. The impetus for this research stems from the increasing complexity of modern legal problems such as human rights, digital technology, and ecological justice, which demand a more dynamic methodology of istinb?? al-?ukm, while still being grounded in the authority of revelation. This research uses a qualitative library research method with an Islamic legal hermeneutics approach and descriptive-comparative analysis, which allows for an in-depth study of classical texts and modern literature. . The results of the study show: (1) Bayani theory, which emphasizes text (nash), maintains the continuity of sharia, but needs reinterpretation to be relevant to modern problems; (2) Ta'lil theory, with a focus on rationalization and identification of 'illat (legal reasons), allows for contextual ijtihad, but is prone to subjectivity without a strict methodology; (3) The istislahi theory, which is based on maslahah and maq??id al-shar?‘ah, has proven to be the most adaptive to contemporary issues, although it requires normative boundaries so as not to deviate from the principles of sharia. This research essentially affirms the urgency of reconstructing an integrative methodology for legal discovery, combining the strengths of Bayani, ta‘lil, and istislahi within a comprehensive epistemological framework. This integrative model gives rise to textual, rational, and beneficial Islamic law, responding to the needs of global society without losing the authenticity of revelation. The results of this analysis contribute to the development of Islamic legal philosophy by offering a relevant, dynamic, and socially just paradigm of legal discovery.

The purpose of the study is to develop a theoretical model of the structural and block organization of a constitutional person, which will eliminate the disconnect between modern practices of systematization of constitutional rights and will allow to obtain a full picture of the legal status of a person within the framework of existing challenges. The study is based on a conceptual approach to the analysis of modern literature on constitutional and legal studies based on the structural-functional approach, comparative legal approach and systematic approach by identifying the principles of organization of legal status and mechanisms of interaction between different categories of rights. The study shows traditional classifications of constitutional rights are ineffective, as they ignore systemic interrelations. A new concept of a constitutional human being is proposed, consisting of five blocks: autonomy, civic participation, social security, cultural identity, and legal guarantees. Five types of interrelations are identified: horizontal functional and value, vertical resource and spatial, and temporal under technological influence. By modifying existing blocks, the model adapts to challenges like AI, climate change, and digitalization. The structural-block model enables systematic study, prediction of reforms, and provides a framework for protecting rights amid global changes.

The article examines the problem of individual differences in the perception of the meaning of life in the context of social philosophy. We analyze the discourse on the meaning of life in modern philosophical literature, identify the approximate structure of this discourse and the reasons for disagreements between the authors. The article reveals the problem of differences in the subjective perception of the meaning of life, which is currently poorly understood. We approach this problem from the perspective of identifying the sources of meaning and the values associated with them.It is assumed that the sources of meaning in life are evaluated higher and more positively when they are associated with perceived flaws in a person's value system. Examples of lifestyle use can be found in advertising, ideology, and religious narratives that to compensate for the deficiencies of some value systems and are therefore more significant. It also makes preliminary assumptions that perceived flaws in a lifestyle filled with great meaning should be presented vaguely so that this image is perceived as having special significance and does not fall into the realm of everyday life.

This paper provides an in-depth stylistic analysis of Paul Beatty’s critically acclaimed novel, The Sellout (2015). Beatty’s narrative, set against the backdrop of a fictional town in Los Angeles, serves as a sharp satirical commentary on contemporary racial dynamics in the United States. Through an examination of the novel's linguistic choices, narrative techniques, and thematic concerns, this analysis reveals how Beatty employs a distinctive blend of satire, irony, and linguistic dexterity to engage with pressing social issues. Special emphasis is placed on Beatty’s use of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and other forms of English to underscore themes of racial identity, institutional racism, and self-reflection. A comparative segment highlights the novel’s stylistic uniqueness when juxtaposed with other contemporary works on similar themes. This paper underscores the novel’s significance in modern literature, demonstrating how Beatty’s stylistic choices enhance readers’ perceptions and understandings of its profound themes.

This study aims to analyze the position of Qoul shahabi in Ushul Fiqh by reviewing its development from historical and contemporary perspectives. This study focuses on how the position and authority of Qoul shahabi are understood and applied by classical scholars to the present day, as well as how these differences in opinion influence the dynamics of Islamic law development in the modern context. In this context, the study seeks to outline the different views among classical and contemporary scholars regarding the authority of Qaul Shahabi and its relevance in resolving current legal issues. The research method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, which is to examine various classical and modern literature, as well as sources of Ushul Fiqh that discuss the basis for accepting and rejecting Qaul Shahabi. The results of the study show that Qaul Shahabi is no longer understood merely as the opinions of the companions who lived during the time of the Prophet Muhammad, but rather as a mindset and method for understanding and establishing Islamic law that is relevant to the times. While in classical times its position was important because of the companions' closeness to the Prophet, today its main value lies in their ability to interpret Islamic teachings in accordance with social conditions and the needs of society. This confirms that from the beginning, Islam has taught the principle of legal flexibility without departing from the foundations of Sharia. In the dynamic modern context, Qaul Shahabi inspires scholars and intellectuals to develop adaptive, fair, and welfare-oriented Islamic law. Thus, Qaul Shahabi serves as a bridge between revelatory values and modern human realities, ensuring that Islamic law remains alive, contextual, and brings justice to all people.

Abstract Taking Cervantes’ Novelas ejemplares as a starting point, the following reflections serve as an introduction to the contributions presented in this issue. Around 1600, as this article discusses, novellas are subject to “novelties”, resulting from the literary confrontation with the early modern “new”. At the same time – and Cervantes’ novellas make this particularly clear – these “novelties” imply a new conception of the exemplary: rigid moral instruction is replaced by a problematisation of human behaviour centred on affects. Novellas from early modern Romance literatures – and, more precisely, from the epoch between Boccaccio and Cervantes and his contemporaries – can therefore be characterised as narratives of affect.

Metaphor is a figure of speech that implicitly compares two things, whether physical objects, ideas, characteristics, or actions without using direct comparative words. According to Nurgiyantoro, a metaphor is an implied form of analogy, while the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defines it as the use of a word or group of words in a non-literal sense, serving as a comparative expression based on meaning similarity. This study aims to describe the types and meanings of metaphors in the anime Fune O Amu by Shion Miura. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using Stephen Ullmann’s theory of metaphor as the analytical framework. The findings reveal 20 instances of metaphorical expressions in the anime, consisting of 1 anthropomorphic metaphor, 2 animal metaphors, 10 abstraction metaphors, and 7 synesthetic metaphors. These findings indicate that metaphorical language in Fune O Amu is used in varied ways to enhance expressive meaning and emotion, as well as to deepen the aesthetic experience in this visual literary work. The study concludes that anime, as a form of modern literature, utilizes metaphor not merely as a rhetorical device but as a powerful tool for generating deep and imaginative meaning.

This study is motivated by the importance of interpreting Qur’anic verses through historical and contextual lenses to provide relevant meanings for the socio-political dynamics of Muslim communities across time. This article aims to explore the connection between the Roman victory mentioned in Q.S. Al-Rūm [30]: 2–5 and Indonesia’s independence struggle by analyzing Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr and Safīnat Kallā Saya‘lamūn. The study employs a qualitative method with a thematic tafsir approach and contextual-historical analysis. The findings reveal that the verses do not merely document the Persian-Roman conflict, but convey universal messages of hope, resistance, and the triumph of the oppressed. In the Indonesian context, the verses served as ideological and spiritual inspiration for Muslim freedom fighters resisting colonialism. The novelty of this research lies in its intertextual approach, linking Qur’anic texts, early Islamic history, and Indonesia’s national struggle—an area scarcely explored in classical or modern tafsir literature. The implications suggest the potential to strengthen Islamic narratives in shaping national historical consciousness and inform character education grounded in Qur’anic values.

Objective: to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer in various clinical situations. Material and Methods. The search was conducted in the Web of science, PubMed, scopus, Google scholar databases. A total of 213 sources devoted to sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer were analyzed, of which 48 were included in the review. Results. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been established as a standard procedure in early stages of breast cancer, demonstrating efficacy and safety in small tumors, intact lymph nodes and micrometastases. Currently, there is a clear trend toward expanding sentinel lymph node biopsy indications into more complex cases, including changes in lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, multicentric cancer, and recurrent breast cancer. Studies are underway to evaluate the safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy during pregnancy, opening up new perspectives for the treatment of this vulnerable group of patients. Expanding the indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy will help avoid radical lymphadenectomy and its associated complications, such as postmastectomy syndrome. this, in turn, will significantly improve the quality of life of cancer patients by reducing postoperative morbidity and accelerating rehabilitation. Conclusion. Further study and implementation of expanded indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy is a promising direction in modern oncology aimed at optimizing treatment and maintaining the quality of life of patients.

From Liverpool to Chicago: The Legacy of Mitchell-Banks and Ferguson in Pediatric Herniotomy.