Modern Cosmetics Research Articles

Comparative Microbiological Study between Traditional and Modern Cosmetics in Saudi Arabia

Cosmetic products support microbial growth due to the presence of variable amounts of nutrients. The most bacterial contaminants that were found in cosmetic products Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Achromobacter and Alcaligenes. Mostly due to contaminated water. So this study aimed to determine and compare between the microbial contamination of traditional products such as Athmad (kohl), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), (Ocimum), Sedr (Rhamnus), Musk, Derum (Juglan regia L.), Mshat (Alcea) and Magic rouge in addition to modern cosmetic products from cheap and valuable trade mark such as Mascara, Eyeliner, Rouge, Plusher, Face powder and Foundation in two different states of use (intact and in-use). In this study, 67 traditional and modern cosmetic products analyzed microbiologically, the result revealed that Salmonella was the predominant isolates from intact and used collected samples with an equal incidence 76% equal to the incidence of Staph. epidermis from used samples followed by Staph. epidermis with an incidence of 57% from intact isolates while the incidences of Staph aureus were 43% and 16% from intact and used samples respectively. Among intact and used samples E. coli was isolated from only 2 samples with low incidence 0.02% and 0.04% respectively. The incidence of microbial contamination was higher in modern cosmetics than traditional cosmetics especially in Athmed (kohl) samples, also microbial contamination was high in incidence in mascara, plusher and eye shadow as modern cosmetics , so it could be concluded that cosmetic products produced in Riyadh , can be contaminated during the production process and they can serve as vehicles for the transmission of these pathogenic organisms . Therefore it is important to take precautions during production process in order to prevent infections due to microbial contamination.

Electro Spun- Nanofibrous Mats: A Modern Wound Dressing Matrix with a Potential of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Nanofibers have emerged as advanced fibers with broad use and potential in biomedical fields in recent decades. The process of healing is an innate immune response towards a pathophysiology such as wound. Ordinary time taken for wound healing is approximately 2–3 days depending upon the chronic state. Air moisture and microbes risk pathological manifestations leading to delayed or incomplete palliate process. An external agent that can provide balanced moisture, increasing cell proliferation with microbial infiltration or anti- bacterial activity, aids to speed the healing process. Apart from these qualities, an ideal material should be simple, cost effective, and repeatable. Nanofibers produced through electrospinning have become a promising strategy in the treatment of wounds. Apart from being simple in application, they are produced from natural or synthetic polymers. Nanofibers exhibit high surface area, nanoporosity, with a potential to load potent drugs or enzymes. Other biomedical applications include use of nanofibers as tissue scaffolds and as masking agents in modern cosmetics. Therefore nanofibers are excellent candidates for wound treatment and management. The current review is an attempt to discuss and present literature about different techniques, chemical materials, and entities used to produce efficient electrospun nanofibers for use in pathological, medicinal, or treatment or management of injury or laceration.

Pilot Study of the Influence of Eyeliner Cosmetics on the Molecular Structure of Human Meibum

Background/Aims: It has been suggested that eye makeup could interact with human meibum causing a decrease in the stability of the tear film. The aim of this pilot study was to measure makeup-human meibum interactions in vitro. Methods: Human meibum-makeup interactions were quantified by measuring order-to-disorder lipid phase transitions using infrared spectroscopy. Results: Makeup products exhibited lipid phase transition temperatures that were much higher than those for meibum. One product increased the lipid phase transition temperature by 4.2°C when combined with human meibum causing a large increase (from 30 to 49%) in the order of the meibum-lipid hydrocarbon chains and significantly decreased the minimum frequency, enthalpy and entropy of the phase transition of human meibum. Another eyeliner caused no significant (p < 0.05) change in the phase transition parameters of human meibum. Conclusion: Infrared spectroscopy may be used to measure interactions between human meibum and makeup. One makeup product increased the lipid order (viscosity) which could have adverse effects on tear film stability. Modern cosmetics are highly regulated and relatively safe to use; however, it could be beneficial to design makeup products that do not interact with meibum, especially since women have a higher prevalence of dry eye symptoms.

Allergy to Cosmetics

The term cosmetic has a broad definition and includes personal care products, hair care products, nail care products, and sunscreens. Modern cosmetics are safe for most users, and adverse reactions are very rare because the manufacturers invest heavily in safety, quality control, and product testing before releasing the product to the market. Despite these efforts, adverse reactions occur. Skin care products are major contributors to cosmetic allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), followed by hair care and nail care products. The most common allergens are fragrances and preservatives. The diagnosis of cosmetic allergy is established by reviewing the patient's clinical history and physical examination findings and confirmed with skin patch testing. Patch testing is the standard method for detecting allergens responsible for eliciting ACD. The purpose of this article was to review the prevalence, legislative laws, and role of patch testing in ACD.

Agarwood-type Resin from Gyrinops walla Gaertn: A New Discovery

Agarwood is an expensive resinous product extracted from some members of Aquilaria andGyrinops species of the family Thymalaeaceae. Agarwood essential oil is a highly valued perfumeryproduct in modern cosmetics and traditional Attar. Agarwood extraction from the above species andproduct manufacturing are done in India and Southeast Asian countries. However, overharvesting, lownatural regeneration, and legal restrictions at present, have limited the supply of this product.Gyrinops walla is recorded in the wet zone of Sri Lanka, and it had been very rarely recorded inextreme Southwest India. However, recent reports of the abundance of G. walla in India are hard to find.Studies were not conducted in the past for G. walla on its ability of agarwood resin production and thequality of that resin. This study is the first to identify the agarwood resin formation and the quality of G.walla which can be used as a substitute for that of Aquilaria and other species of Gyrinops.Resinous tissues were extracted from six G. walla trees for the present study from two differentareas, i.e., Labugama and Yagirala of the wet zone of Sri Lanka. The resins were solvent extracted in thelaboratory and the resin quality was tested using gas chromatography analysis. The results indicated anextreme similarity of the compounds of G. walla resin with that of commercially available agarwoodresins. However, further studies should be conducted to identify G. walla distribution and formation ofagarwood.

The first cosmetic treatise of history. A female point of view

The Schola Medica Salernitana was an early medieval medical school in the south Italian city of Salerno and the most important native source of medical knowledge in Europe at the time. The school achieved its splendour between the 10th and 13th centuries, during the final decades of Longobard kingdom. In the school, women were involved as both teachers and students for medical learning. Among these women, there was Trotula de Ruggiero (11th century), a teacher whose main interest was to alleviate suffering of women. She was the author of many medical works, the most notable being De Passionibus Mulierum Curandarum (about women's diseases), also known as Trotula Major. Another important work she wrote was De Ornatu Mulierum (about women's cosmetics), also known as Trotula Minor, in which she teaches women to conserve and improve their beauty and treat skin diseases through a series of precepts, advices and natural remedies. She gives lessons about make-up, suggests the way to be unwrinkled, remove puffiness from face and eyes, remove unwanted hair from the body, lighten the skin, hide blemishes and freckles, wash teeth and take away bad breath, dying hair, wax, treat lips and gums chaps.

LIP COSMETICS

Throughout the centuries, the beauty of lips has been extolled by poets, and painters; and people in many different cultures decorate their lips. Modern cosmetics are designed not only to beautify the lips but also to moisturize and protect them from environmental hazards. Familiarity with the ingredients used in lip cosmetics is essential to recognizing and diagnosing the adverse reactions that are associated with these products.

Quantitative analysis of cosmetics waxes by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and multivariate data analysis

Waxes play an indispensable role in the formulation of modern cosmetics. Quantitative measurement of the level of different waxes in cosmetics is essential to the understanding of the performance characteristics of the cosmetics. Conventionally, waxes in cosmetics are extracted by Soxhlet extraction using an organic solvent. This extraction is not quantitative. By using SFE, quantitative extraction of the waxes was easily obtained. Due to the complexity of the natural waxes and the coexistence of several types of waxes in a cosmetics product, the level of different waxes in a mixture is best determined by using SFC and multivariate data analysis. Application of this approach in analysis of waxes in mascaras is reported.

The Principles and Practice of Modern Cosmetics

MR. R. G. HARRY'S book passes under a sober English title and perhaps the flamboyant Latinesque alternative could scarcely exist ; yet it would have seemed almost permessible to invent it for a work as well-informed in scientific facts and as carefully responsible in its verdicts, as one could require in the treatment of the material medica. The comparison is the more readily prompted by the pharmacopceial design of the book, in an alphabetical series of monographs, each subheaded with the synonyms, composition, provenance, properties, toilet uses and dermatological effects of its subject.

Modern Cosmeticology: The Principles of and Practice of Modern Cosmetics

Modern Cosmeticology: The Principles of and Practice of Modern Cosmetics

Modern Perfumes and Essences

(1) THERE can be scarcely any fashion so changeable and so demanding variation as that of modern cosmetics and perfumes. The last twenty years have seen bewildering progress, and manufacturers have been forced, time and again, to drastic revision of their products and to keen experimentation. Moreover, the future seems to offer no limits to this variety, and their manufacture now demands a deep knowledge and practical experience, for much of it has an empirical basis. The author's previous editions on these subjects are well known in the perfumery and cosmetic world, and have always been accepted as authoritative. The new edition is most comprehensive and, like the previous ones, gives a very practical account of the production, manufacture and application of perfumes and cosmetics. On account of the inclusion of much new matter, the author has made the wise decision to divide the work into two volumes, one dealing with perfumery (vol. 2) and the other with cosmetics and soaps (vol. 3). (1) Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps: with Especial Reference to Synthetics. By William A. Poucher. Vol. 2: Being a Treatise on the Production, Manufacture and Application of Perfumes of all Types. Fifth edition. Pp. xiii + 426 + 63 plates. 25s. net. Vol. 3: Being a Treatise on Modern Cosmetics. Fifth edition. Pp. xi + 228. 21s. net. (London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1936.) (2) Flavours and Essences: a Handbook of Formulae. By M. H. Gazan. Pp. vii + 115. (London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1936.) 25s. net.

Perfumes, cosmetics, and soaps. By W. A. Poucher. With especial reference to synthetics. Vol. III. Being a treatise on modern cosmetics. 5th ed. Pp. xi+228. London: Chapman &amp; Hall, Ltd., 1936. 21s

Perfumes, cosmetics, and soaps. By W. A. Poucher. With especial reference to synthetics. Vol. III. Being a treatise on modern cosmetics. 5th ed. Pp. xi+228. London: Chapman &amp; Hall, Ltd., 1936. 21s