Modern Applications Research Articles

Enhanced novelty approaches for resource allocation model for multi-cloud environment in vehicular Ad-Hoc networks

As the number of service requests for applications continues increasing due to various conditions, the limitations on the number of resources provide a barrier in providing the applications with the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) assurances. As a result, an efficient scheduling mechanism is required to determine the order of handling application requests, as well as the appropriate use of a broadcast media and data transfer. In this paper an innovative approach, incorporating the Crossover and Mutation (CM)-centered Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) is introduced for an effective resource allocation. This strategic resource allocation optimally schedules resources within the Vehicular Edge computing (VEC) network, ensuring the most efficient utilization. The proposed method begins by the meticulous feature extraction from the Vehicular network model, with attributes such as mobility patterns, transmission medium, bandwidth, storage capacity, and packet delivery ratio. For further analysis the Elephant Herding Lion Optimizer (EHLO) algorithm is employed to pinpoint the most critical attributes. Subsequently the Modified Fuzzy C-Means (MFCM) algorithm is used for efficient vehicle clustering centred on selected attributes. These clustered vehicle characteristics are then transferred and stored within the cloud server infrastructure. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated using MATLAB software using simulation method. This study offers a comprehensive solution to the resource allocation challenge in Vehicular Cloud Networks, addresses the burgeoning demands of modern applications while ensuring QoS assurances and signifies a significant advancement in the field of VEC.

Ethnobotanical Study of Knowledge and Herbal Recipes of Medicinal Plants in Ancient Izki, Al Dakhliya Region, Sultanate of Oman.

The medicinal plants of Izki hold significant ethnopharmacological relevance, serving as primary healthcare resources for generations. These plants exhibit known pharmacological properties, making them crucial for traditional and modern therapeutic applications. The primary goal of this study was to record, conserve, and analyze the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Izki. It also aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these plants for treating various ailments while identifying their pharmacological relevance for modern applications. The study involved interviews with 300 local residents to record their traditional knowledge of therapeutic herbs. Quantitative methods were employed. Plant specimens were collected, identified, and submitted to the herbarium. The study recorded 65 medicinal plants (22 cultivated, 43 wild) used for 62 disease categories. Eye diseases (0.721; 13 taxa) and bone fractures (0.700; 13 taxa) showed higher consensus among respondents. FL% analysis highlighted Tephrosia apollinea (69.2%), Trachyspermum ammi (62.5%), and Azadirachta indica (53.3%) as culturally significant. Rhazya stricta emerged as an antirheumatic agent, reflecting shared ethnobotanical practices between India and Oman. Plants like Rhazya stricta, Fagonia indica, Trachyspermum ammi, and Ziziphus spina-christi demonstrated consistent regional applications, underscoring their potential for pharmacological investigation. This study underscores Izki's rich ethnobotanical knowledge, with extensive use of leaves, fruits, and whole plants for medicinal, dietary, and hygienic purposes. Conservation efforts, sustainable harvesting, and collaborations with pharmaceutical sciences are essential to validate the pharmacological potential of Rhazya stricta, Fagonia indica, Trachyspermum ammi, and Ziziphus spina-christi and bridge traditional knowledge with modern medicine.

Medicinal Plants and Traditional Uses and Modern Applications

Medicinal plants have played a pivotal role in the development of traditional healing systems throughout history. Across diverse cultures, these plants have been used to treat a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from minor ailments such as colds and digestive issues to more severe conditions like infections, cancer, and chronic inflammatory disorders. The use of medicinal plants is rooted in centuries-old knowledge, passed down through generations, that often combines both empirical observations and spiritual beliefs. In traditional medicine systems, these plants are typically utilized in the form of decoctions, infusions, poultices, or extracts, with specific dosage instructions determined by experienced practitioners. Despite their historical significance, modern pharmacological research has only recently begun to rigorously explore and validate the therapeutic potential of many of these plants, uncovering a wealth of bioactive compounds that contribute to their medicinal effects. This paper aims to examine the traditional uses of medicinal plants from a global perspective, highlighting specific plants that have shown consistent efficacy in the treatment of common and complex health conditions. Furthermore, it investigates how contemporary scientific advancements are reshaping the understanding and applications of these plants, from the isolation of active compounds to the formulation of plant-based pharmaceuticals. The paper also emphasizes the growing role of medicinal plants in modern healthcare, including their use in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), the development of herbal supplements, and their integration into biotechnological innovations. Moreover, the challenges faced in the standardization, quality control, and regulation of plant-based medicines are explored, along with the growing demand for sustainable harvesting practices to ensure the conservation of valuable plant species. In the face of rising healthcare costs and growing concerns about the safety and efficacy of synthetic pharmaceuticals, there is renewed interest in the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants. The combination of traditional wisdom and modern scientific validation presents a unique opportunity for the future of healthcare. This paper aims to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and contemporary biomedical research, providing a holistic view of the role medicinal plants play in both ancient healing practices and their potential to shape future medical therapies.

Social Media Application Using Reactjs

This chapter gives an overview about the aim, objectives, background and operation environment of the system 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT Snapgram is a full-stack social media web application designed to provide users with an interactive platform to share posts, engage with content, and connect with others. Inspired by popular social media platforms like Instagram, Snapgram allows users to create accounts, upload images, like and comment on posts, and follow or unfollow other users. The project is built using React.js, Vite, Tailwind CSS, Node.js, Express.js, MongoDB, and Cloudinary, ensuring a smooth and modern user experience. The frontend of Snapgram is developed using React.js with Vite, offering a fast and optimized user interface. Styling is handled by Tailwind CSS, ensuring a responsive and visually appealing design. The backend is powered by Node.js and Express.js, managing all API requests and user interactions efficiently. Data is stored in MongoDB, a NoSQL database, which handles user profiles, posts, and social interactions. Additionally, Cloudinary is integrated to manage and optimize image uploads, ensuring quick loading times and efficient media handling. Snapgram provides essential social media features such as user authentication, post creation, profile management, likes and comments, and a follow/unfollow system. Users can create an account, log in securely using JWT-based authentication, and interact with content in real time. The application follows RESTful API principles, making it scalable and maintainable. The project is designed to serve as a learning resource for full-stack developers interested in building modern MERN stack applications. By working with Snapgram, developers can gain hands-on experience with user authentication, API development, database management, and front-end optimization. The project also demonstrates best practices for performance optimization, utilizing Vite for fast builds and Cloudinary for media storage. Snapgram is a great foundation for anyone looking to build and extend a social media application, making it an ideal project for those exploring full-stack web development.

A compact single layer dual band microstrip patch antenna for 5G terminal applications

In modern applications, the shrinking available space on terminals coupled with the increasing number of frequency bands has prompted the greatest demand for antenna miniaturization and multi-band features. This work introduces an innovative method for designing a dual-band planar antenna with an exceptionally compact size, addressing the pressing requirement. Two half-mode patches, both operating in two modes (TM0.5,0 of 3.5 GHz frequency band and TM0.5,2 of 4.9 GHz frequency band) are placed back-to-back. The dual-mode operation in the 3.5 GHz band is achieved using the two TM0.5,0 modes and the dual-mode operation in the 4.9 GHz band is obtained from the TM0.5,2 and strip modes. Then, based on the elementary antenna design, a 4 × 4 MIMO system is designed and measured. The isolation between the elements is found to be greater than 15.5 dB. The proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth coverage of 3.36–3.70 GHz and 4.79–5.01 GHz, corresponding to N78 and N79 frequency bands of the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, respectively. The proposed antenna, based on a single-layer design without any air spacing, features a compact size and high integration density, making it an interesting solution for 5G terminals.

A Group Affine-Based Inverse Alignment Method for High-Precision Rotational Inertial Navigation Systems

Initial alignment plays a pivotal role in inertial navigation systems, as even small orientation errors introduced at startup can significantly degrade subsequent positioning and attitude estimates. In this context, we propose a novel inverse alignment method for rotational inertial navigation that leverages the group affine property and high-speed computing to accelerate and refine the alignment process. Adopting inverse navigation and Lie group theory, we derive a left-invariant error model in the geocentric geosynchronous coordinate framework and rapidly achieve alignment by integrating forward and inverse Kalman filtering. During 2.5-h in-vehicle tests, our approach reduced both the maximum error and CEP (Circular Error Probable 50%) by 60% compared to standard alignment methods, and it surpassed the performance of conventional group affine alignment by improving accuracy by 7.2% and 20%, respectively. These results highlight the method’s ability to deliver swift, precise alignment across diverse initial misalignment angles, offering significant benefits for modern high-precision inertial navigation applications.

Augmented reality as a tool for improving perception of authenticity of the built heritage site

PurposeThe present study focuses on analysing the impact of augmented reality (AR) on enhancing the perception of the “Authenticity of Heritage Sites” in an off-site condition. It also aims to assess participants’ satisfaction with a smartphone AR application experience of heritage sites.Design/methodology/approachThrough a literature review, the paper outlines the perception of spaces in light of digital technologies and the state of art of augmented reality (AR) applications. It then identifies criteria and indicators for assessing the “Perception of Authenticity of the Attraction Site” in AR experiences. The authors proceed with a practical implementation in two stages. The first stage involved digitally reconstructing the remains of the Sassanid Palace of Khosroes in Ctesiphon-Iraq, which dates back to the 3rd to 6th centuries AD. This reconstruction aimed to restore the lost parts of the building, and then design a proposed smartphone application for augmented reality of this heritage site. In the second stage, the application was tested through an off-site video presentation to a selected sample of participants, to simulate the application. Followed by data collection using a questionnaire.FindingsThe results revealed high percentages of positive indicators, indicating the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) in enhancing the perception of authenticity of the heritage site. Furthermore, participants expressed positive satisfaction with the AR application simulation video and advocated for the integration of new technologies in heritage experiences.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used a video presentation to simulate the proposed augmented reality application. Although this experiment defines the research benefit in the condition of pre-visit to heritage sites, the importance of the study lies in presenting the public’s interaction with these applications in Iraq as an example for Middle Eastern countries. Consequently, it is relevant to studies interested in heritage in this region, and to those comparing the conditions and results of this study with other areas in the world. Additionally, it points at the necessity for heritage managers to focus on integrating modern interactive technology applications to enhance public engagement and understanding of heritage sites.Practical implicationsThe paper gave positive results regarding the use of augmented reality technology in heritage places and results regarding satisfaction with using the application.Social implicationsProviding the public’s interaction with these applications in Iraq as an example of the Middle East countries. Consequently, understanding the heritage and calling for preservation, it is related to studies concerned with heritage in this region, in addition, the need to focus on heritage managers on integrating modern interactive technology applications to enhance general participation.Originality/valueThe paper establishes its originality by addressing the limited use of augmented reality applications in Iraq, a country in the Middle East. It highlights the audience’s recognition and endorsement of these applications. The paper examines the role of this interactive technology in raising public awareness in the region about the significance of built heritage and enhancing understanding of its authenticity. Additionally, it underscores the importance of a neglected built heritage site: the Sassanid palace in Ctesiphon. The paper highlights its considerable global tourism potential if properly considered by relevant authorities.

Enhancing Time–Frequency Signal Analysis: Integrating Windowing with the Fractional Fourier Transform for Modern Applications

Enhancing Time–Frequency Signal Analysis: Integrating Windowing with the Fractional Fourier Transform for Modern Applications

Development of IoT Smart Voltmeter for Real Time Voltage Monitoring

A voltmeter capable of accurately measuring and providing remote monitoring for both AC and DC voltage is crucial in modern application, especially with the growing demand for IoT based devices. Real-time voltage measurement poses challenges, particularly in ensuring reliability and efficiency. This paper addressed these challenges by designing and constructing a wireless voltmeter incorporating an ESP32 microcontroller for wireless communication, a 7805-voltage regulator for stable power supply and PCB17 opto-coupler for electrical isolation and safety. The circuit design was simulated using Proteus software to verify its functionality and performance prior to physical implementation. The completed system successfully measured AC voltages in the range 2-250V and DC voltages between 3 -25V, achieving a minimal error margin after calibration. Voltage readings were wirelessly transmitted to the Blynk IoT platform, enabling seamless real-time monitoring via a mobile application. The system’s accuracy and reliability were validated through extensive testing, demonstrating its effectiveness as practical solution for modern voltage measurement.

Advancements in Metal-Ion Capacitors: Bridging Energy and Power Density for Next-Generation Energy Storage

Metal-ion capacitors (MICs) have emerged as advanced hybrid energy storage devices that combine the high energy density of batteries with the superior power density and long cycle life of supercapacitors. By leveraging a unique configuration of faradaic and non-faradaic energy storage mechanisms, MICs offer a balanced performance that meets the diverse requirements of modern applications, including renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. MICs employ diverse ions such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, which provide flexibility in material selection, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. For instance, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) excel in compact and high-performance applications, while sodium-ion (NICs) and potassium-ion capacitors (KICs) provide sustainable and affordable solutions for large-scale energy storage. This review highlights the advancements in electrode materials, including carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides, and emerging candidates like MXenes and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which enhance MIC performance. The role of electrolytes, ranging from organic and aqueous to hybrid and solid-state systems, is also examined, emphasizing their influence on energy density, safety, and operating voltage. Additionally, the article discusses the environmental and economic benefits of MICs, including the use of earth-abundant materials and bio-derived carbons, which align with global sustainability goals. The review concludes with an analysis of practical applications, commercialization challenges, and future research directions, including AI-driven material discovery and integration into decentralized energy systems. As versatile and transformative energy storage devices, MICs are poised to play a critical role in advancing sustainable and efficient energy solutions for the future.

Enhancing Image Quality in Facial Recognition Systems with GAN-Based Reconstruction Techniques

Facial recognition systems are pivotal in modern applications such as security, healthcare, and public services, where accurate identification is crucial. However, environmental factors, transmission errors, or deliberate obfuscations often degrade facial image quality, leading to misidentification and service disruptions. This study employs Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to address these challenges by reconstructing corrupted or occluded facial images with high fidelity. The proposed methodology integrates advanced GAN architectures, multi-scale feature extraction, and contextual loss functions to enhance reconstruction quality. Six experimental modifications to the GAN model were implemented, incorporating additional residual blocks, enhanced loss functions combining adversarial, perceptual, and reconstruction losses, and skip connections for improved spatial consistency. Extensive testing was conducted using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to quantify reconstruction quality, alongside face detection validation using SFace. The final model achieved an average PSNR of 26.93 and an average SSIM of 0.90, with confidence levels exceeding 0.55 in face detection tests, demonstrating its ability to preserve identity and structural integrity under challenging conditions, including occlusion and noise. The results highlight that advanced GAN-based methods effectively restore degraded facial images, ensuring accurate face detection and robust identity preservation. This research provides a significant contribution to facial image processing, offering practical solutions for applications requiring high-quality image reconstruction and reliable facial recognition.

Upgrading Electron Transfer with High Conductivity MOF Composites for Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as promising energy storage devices, offering flexibility and smart functionalities to meet the growing demands of modern applications. However, challenges such as limited conductivity and stability continue to hinder their performance. Herein, a conductive composite was designed by forming one-dimension rod-like conductive MOFs (Ni-HHTP) on the hierarchical nickel oxalate (Ni-OA). The extended conjugated system between Ni2+ and HHTP establishes a robust electron delocalization network, significantly enhancing the conductivity and stability of the MOFs. Simultaneously, the incorporation of Ni-HHTP with Ni-OA effectively reduces internal electron transfer impedance, improving charge transport within the delocalized electronic networks. The synthesized Ni-OA@Ni-HHTP-6//AC achieves a remarkable energy density of 24.78 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 113.03 W kg-1, with a peak power density of 2924.58 W kg-1 at an energy density of 19.68 Wh kg-1. This work provides valuable insights into the design of oxalate@conductive-MOF composites, paving the way for energy storage devices.

A CIA Triad-Based Taxonomy of Prompt Attacks on Large Language Models

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) across industries such as healthcare, finance, and legal services has revolutionized modern applications. However, their increasing adoption exposes critical vulnerabilities, particularly through adversarial prompt attacks that compromise LLM security. These prompt-based attacks exploit weaknesses in LLMs to manipulate outputs, leading to breaches of confidentiality, corruption of integrity, and disruption of availability. Despite their significance, existing research lacks a comprehensive framework to systematically understand and mitigate these threats. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a taxonomy of prompt attacks based on the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad, an important cornerstone of cybersecurity. This structured taxonomy lays the foundation for a unique framework of prompt security engineering, which is essential for identifying risks, understanding their mechanisms, and devising targeted security protocols. By bridging this critical knowledge gap, the present study provides actionable insights that can enhance the resilience of LLM to ensure their secure deployment in high-stakes and real-world environments.

Smart cities, a modern application of 3D printing, sensors and artificial intelligence

Smart cities nowadays have lots of different forms and techniques. After the development of smart cities in many countries and regions, intelligent development in many places has encountered certain bottlenecks. As a result, this report has investigated more methods that can encourage further development of smart cities. For 3D printing, this article discussed the availability of 3D printing machines in improving the process of chip-making and investigated the future aspect of 3D printing houses in urban areas. For sensors, the discussion of the application of sensors in IoT of smart cities and intelligent bus services. For artificial intelligence, this article explains the types of AI, Industrial 4.0, the application of AI and engineer learning, a new way of industrial use of smart cities, the application of artificial intelligence robots for service humans, and the 6G combined with AI in some fields. With the thought of a higher development level of smart cities, they can provide better governance capability.

Envisioning Clinical Management of Breast Cancer: a Comprehensive Review.

Coming to the edge of disease manufacturing in the twenty-first-century, breast cancer occupies a terrifying scenario in the globe, especially in adult women. Its curiosity endeavours remarkable advances made during the past decennaries for cancer treatment and diagnosis. <P></P> It accounts for the fifth leading cause of transience, killing approximately 570,000 people per annum. To reduce the prognosis of clinical oncological development with the application of a new chemical entity, some of the critical challenges, like active pharmaceutical ingredients with high chemical resistance, extreme side effects, and high treatment costs are some of the limitations in the curbing aspects of breast melanoma. <P></P> In cancer research, hence, the development of drugs that are safe, efficient, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' that may be considered as a boon to target the malignant tissues with novel therapeutics devices. <P></P> Through the findings on overcoming the drawbacks of traditional methods, researchers have given special attention to cancer-preventive and theranostic approaches based on some novel drug delivery systems. <P></P> The present study forecasts the wide-ranging modern applications, and on developing some novel liposomal drug delivery therapy against breast cancer.

Quraish Shihab’s Tafsir of QS. 'Abasa (80): 1-10: Rethinking Disability In Contemporary Context

This study explores the contextual interpretation of QS. ‘Abasa (80): 1-10 as articulated by Quraish Shihab in his renowned work, tafsir al-misbah. The surah recounts an incident where the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) frowned and turned away from Abdullah bin Ummi Maktum, a visually impaired companion. This narrative serves as a critical foundation for discussing issues of equality and the rights of persons with disabilities within an Islamic framework. Employing a qualitative research methodology with descriptive analysis, this study examines primary and secondary data to uncover the modern applicability of these verses in addressing contemporary discrimination against persons with disabilities. The findings reveal that QS. ‘Abasa emphasizes the principles of equality and inclusivity, advocating for the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities in a manner commensurate with those of the broader society. The study concludes that a modern interpretation of QS. ‘Abasa can serve as a philosophical foundation for fostering a more just and equitable society, underscoring that piety (taqwa) is the sole criterion for human distinction in the eyes of Allah.

Morinda citrifolia L.: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Effects, and Antioxidant Potential

Morinda citrifolia L. (M. citrifolia), commonly referred to as noni, a Polynesian medicinal plant with over 2000 years of traditional use, has garnered global interest for its rich repertoire of antioxidant phytochemicals, including flavonoids (kaempferol, rutin), iridoids (aucubin, asperulosidic acid, deacetylasperulosidic acid, asperuloside), polysaccharides (nonioside A), and coumarins (scopoletin). This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advances (2018–2023) on noni’s bioactive constituents, pharmacological properties, and molecular mechanisms, with a focus on its antioxidant potential. Systematic analyses reveal that noni-derived compounds exhibit potent free radical scavenging capacity (e.g., 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (DPPH/ABTS) inhibition), upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx)), and modulate key pathways such as Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) and Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Notably, polysaccharides and iridoids demonstrate dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via gut microbiota regulation. This highlights the plant’s potential for innovation in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. However, it is also recognized that further research is needed to clarify its mechanisms of action and ensure its safety for widespread application. We emphasize the need for mechanistic studies to bridge traditional knowledge with modern applications, particularly in developing antioxidant-rich nutraceuticals and sustainable livestock feed additives. This review underscores noni’s role as a multi-target antioxidant agent and provides a roadmap for future research to optimize its health benefits.

Improving Eco-Friendly Polymer Adhesive Joints: Innovative Toughening Strategies for Consistent Performance Under Various Loading Conditions.

In modern engineering applications, the use of sustainable materials and eco-friendly methods has become increasingly important. Wood joints, especially those strengthened with bio-adhesive, have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent environmental benefits and desirable mechanical properties. Compared to traditional joining methods, adhesive joints offer unique advantages such as improved load distribution, reduced stress concentration, and enhanced aesthetic appeal. This study aims to enhance delamination resistance in wooden adhesive joints using a novel method involving reinforced high-toughness resin on surfaces. Additionally, a hybrid substrate approach applies a tough layer to outer plies and a densified wood core with greater fiber direction strength. Normal, toughened, and hybrid single-lap joint specimens were analyzed through both experimental and numerical methods under various loading conditions, including quasi-static and intermediate rates. The proposed method involved bio-adhesive penetration into the wood substrate, forming a reinforced surface zone. The experimentally validated results show a significant improvement in joint strength, exhibiting an approximate 2.8-fold increase for the toughened joints compared to the reference joints under intermediate-rate conditions. Furthermore, the absorbed energy of the toughened joints increased by a substantial factor of up to 4.5 times under the same conditions. The fracture surfaces analysis revealed that the toughening method changed the failure mechanism of the joints from delamination to fiber breakage, indicating that the strength of the substrate was lower than that of the joint under impact conditions. The viscoelastic behavior of the bio-adhesive also influenced the response of the joints to the changing displacement rate. The toughening method enhanced the resilience and load-bearing capacity of the wood joints, making them more suitable for dynamic applications.

OscSe: A Practical Security Assessment Model for General Open Source Components

Open source components (OSCs) have become a vital part for developing modern applications. The security of these components could affect the overall security of the software depends on them. Thus, the security of an OSC should be evaluated first before integrating to the software. However, the existing models lack generality, and cannot be easily automatic applied to OSCs developed in different programming language. To this end, we propose a security assessment model for OSCs, called the CRAM, which features generality and automation. The proposed model is constructed under the hypothesis that OSC with a larger and more active community is more likely to disclose more vulnerabilities. And it evaluates the security of OSC from its performance in size as well as activities of open source community and vulnerability disclosures. In the experiment section, we present validation and application experiments. In the validation experiment, we find that the basic hypothesis of the proposed model is valid, and there is a positive correlation between the community size as well as activities and vulnerability risk of OSCs. In the application experiment, we further evaluate our approach with large-scale open source components. Our hypothesis is further validated. The most of OSCs in the ecosystem are in line with the hypothesis. Finally, we successfully build the security baseline according to the hypothesis, and 5 vulnerable OSCs classified as vulnerable by our model are analyzed. The result proves the effectiveness of our model to identify a vulnerable open source ecosystem around the ecosystem.

Blockchain‐Integrated Secure Healthcare Information Sharing via Advanced Blowfish Encryption Standard With Optimal Key Generation

ABSTRACTProblemThere are serious worries about the security and privacy of sensitive patient data as a result of the growing digitization of healthcare systems, particularly when sharing data across platforms. Conventional data‐sharing techniques frequently depend on centralized systems, which are susceptible to illegal access and data breaches. Existing encryption techniques, such as Blowfish, lack sufficient robustness and scalability for modern healthcare applications. Additionally, managing encryption keys securely across distributed systems remains a complex challenge.AimThis work proposes a blockchain‐integrated technology with enhanced encryption and optimal key generation to address these gaps, ensuring secure, scalable, and efficient healthcare data sharing.MethodsIn the proposed model, data sharing initiates with partitioning the healthcare data into manageable blocks, followed by encryption using an enhanced version of the Blowfish algorithm. The Improved Blowfish algorithm incorporates bitwise operations and conditional transformations to strengthen data security and flexibility in handling encrypted data. Also, the proposed work implements the Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IPOA) for optimal key generation. IPOA optimizes encryption keys based on the minimizing correlation between original and encrypted data, thereby ensuring robust data protection. A blockchain is used to store encrypted data and keys, taking use of its decentralized and unchangeable structure to guard against manipulation and unwanted changes. Furthermore, the proxy re‐encryption technique is employed to securely manage and distribute decryption capabilities without exposing sensitive information.ResultsFinally, the comparative analyses highlight the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of security, efficiency, and scalability over existing methods. With a correlation coefficient of 0.203887, the Improved Blowfish approach exhibits the strongest resistance, demonstrating its resilience to Fault Injection Attack (FIA).ConclusionThe suggested model's efficacy is confirmed, showing that it can improve data security, simplify access management, and reduce the hazards connected to conventional healthcare data‐sharing procedures. Thus, the integration of blockchain, advanced encryption standards, and optimized key generation algorithms offers a comprehensive solution for secure healthcare information sharing.