Project Model Research Articles

Hydro-geomorphological assessment of culvert vulnerability to flood-induced soil erosion using an ensemble modeling approach

Intense precipitation events pose growing threats to forest infrastructure causing flooding, and soil erosion and deposition, creating bottlenecks at road-stream crossing structures (RSCS). We describe a hillslope-scale ensemble hydro-geomorphological vulnerability assessment integrating geospatial Streambank Erosion Vulnerability Assessment (SBEVA), Modified Revised Soil Loss Equation (MRUSLE), and process-based Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model into an ensemble hydro-geomorphologic vulnerability index (EHVI) for USDA Forest Service (USFS) managed 194 road-culverts at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBR-EF) in New Hampshire, USA. The results revealed that five and one culvert with diameters of 0.46m and 0.61m, respectively, have extreme EHVI values between 4 and 5, and fifteen and three culverts with diameters of 0.46m and 0.61m, respectively, have severe EHVI values between 3 and 4, some of which were previously identified as hydrologically vulnerable (undersized) to floods. This knowledge will inform USFS efforts to improve the resilience of the RSCS and protect aquatic habitats.

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPING PRACTICAL SKILLS AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES

This article is devoted to the study of project-based learning as an innovative approach to developing practical skills and professional competencies in students of technical universities. The paper analyzes the advantages of project-based learning, considers various project models, and presents the results of empirical research. The authors emphasize the importance of project activities for the formation of such competencies in future engineers as creativity, teamwork, and the ability to solve complex problems. In addition, the article discusses the challenges and prospects for introducing project-based learning into the educational process of technical universities.

Leveraging a Dual Organisation-Development (OD) Process: A Longitudinal Study of a Start-up’s Transformation in the Energy Sector

This paper explores the transformative journey of a start-up company in the energy sector, employing a Dual Organisation-Development (OD) Process, as conceptualised within the co-generative learning/organisation development (OD) model. Originating from a doctoral thesis, this research unveils the application of the dual OD process in a longitudinal study of a start-up’s pursuit to revolutionise the Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs) market through digitalisation. The company aimed to connect energy users directly with renewable energy producers, ensuring transparency and traceability of the renewable origin of energy. Initiated through the “DIgitalised Node-trading for renewable energy with GO (DINGO)” project, the start-up received funding from a Norwegian research fund called Oslofjordfondet, propelling the development of a digitalised platform and the underlying research. This paper documents the dynamic interplay between daily business operations and the DINGO project, presenting the dual OD process as a bridged, facilitated intraorganisational and interorganisational development mechanism. Grounded in participatory organisation development and the cogenerative learning model, the study draws on historical written sources and insider perspectives. The research unfolds three key dimensions of the dual OD process within the start-up. Firstly, the research-based innovation project itself serves as a continuous learning and maturing process, reshaping the company over time. Secondly, the project opens avenues for accessing crucial financial, technological, and human resources, fostering new interorganisational collaborations. Thirdly, the project introduces friction between the research project and daily business operations, propelling the business model into unforeseen pathways, resulting in intraorganisational changes. To enhance the depth of the study, a reflection dialogue with the project owner were conducted in the spring 2024, offering a hindsight reflection on the effectiveness of the dual OD process in enhancing project outcomes and its continued application within the company. The paper contributes to understanding the pivotal role of research in early-stage business development, introducing the dual OD process as a valuable model for comprehending the intricate interaction between daily business operations, business modelling, and research projects. It also pays homage to Professor Morten Levin, highlighting the enduring influence of his mentorship and the co-generative learning model. In addition, entrepreneurs can derive practical insights from the dual OD model, providing a framework for navigating the challenges and opportunities inherent in combining business modelling and research, thereby facilitating successful business development.

Effects of initial soil moisture on rill erodibility and critical shear stress factors in the WEPP model across diverse soil types

Rill erosion, a significant issue in agricultural regions, is intricately linked to initial soil moisture conditions, affecting the development of concentrated flow erosion processes. However, understanding its dynamics amidst varying soil moisture conditions remain challenging. This study aimed to assess the impact of different soil moisture levels on rill erodibility parameters in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and to evaluate soil cohesion across a spectrum of soils. Through laboratory experiments employing a small V-shaped rill channel, we investigated rill erodibility (Kr) and critical hydraulic shear stress (τcr), under three soil moisture scenarios: initially dry, saturated, and drainage, with incremental surface inflow rates. Additionally, we examined the efficiency of soil cohesion obtained from an Automated Soil Cohesion Measurement Apparatus in predicting Kr and τcr across various soil textures. Our analysis encompassed twenty soils representing nine texture classes, revealing significant correlations between basic soil properties, cohesion parameters, and WEPP model rill erodibility. Notably, initial soil moisture conditions exerted substantial influence on erodibility potentials. Soils with higher silt contents demonstrated better fits in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency, particularly under initially dry and saturated conditions. However, predictions for initially drained soils yielded poor fits, emphasizing the intricate interplay between soil properties and hydrological conditions. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the critical role of topsoil water dynamics in rill erodibility. We propose that soil cohesion serves as a valuable predictor, complementing friction forces within the soil and enhancing simulations of rill erodibility under shallow flow conditions in rills, particularly in next-generation process-based modeling approaches.

Putting People First in Data Quality: Feminist Data Ethics for Open Government Datasets

ABSTRACTOpen government information systems offer great potential for advancing civic life and democracy, but they also reflect and reinforce the biases and systematic inequalities faced by members of socially marginalized groups. We present results from a critical data modeling project that uses a data quality framework to examine open datasets published by police departments in order to understand how data modeling choices shape the social impact of these datasets. Using an arrest record dataset published by the Los Angeles Police Department as a case study, we present we present results detailing the representation of racial data and the presence of children in the dataset. We argue that current data quality frameworks for open government data are insufficient for critical data studies due to an orientation around institutional and computational interests. Incorporating feminist data ethics into data quality analysis provides an approach to data quality that centers people and communities. We propose a definition for data quality of open government datasets based on an ethics of care that centers the needs of vulnerable populations and accountability of institutions toward their communities.

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article offers an in-depth analysis of the key directions in the development of regional architecture in Kazakhstan in the 21st century. Modern architecture evolves under various factors, including environmental conditions, technological advancements, socio-economic realities, and cultural-historical contexts. The late 20th and early 21st centuries have also brought global challenges such as globalisation, environmental crises, technological and anthropogenic disasters, and military conflicts. This research, with its comprehensive approach, plays a crucial role in identifying the factors influencing contemporary architecture in Kazakhstan and determining the future directions for its development. The methodology included comparative analysis, systematisation of information from literary sources, project modelling, and surveys, ensuring the robustness and reliability of the findings. The primary data sources were the works of leading architecture specialists, complemented by an analysis of governmental policy documents, which provided insights into the main state policy directions in architecture. The study identified several critical directions in the development of architecture in Kazakhstan: sustainable development and “green” architecture, the digitalisation of the architectural and construction sector, the adaptive reuse and repurposing of existing buildings, participatory design, and the strengthening of architectural identity, which is crucial in the context of growing globalism. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for developing new theoretical concepts in regional architecture and can be integrated into architectural educational programmes. These results will also benefit projects related to preserving and restoring architectural monuments, conserving cultural heritage, and adapting it to contemporary needs, enhancing both these objects’ functional appeal and economic value.

Implications of Project-Citizent Based Civic Education Learning: The Key to Obtaining Civic Competence?

The ability of citizens in civic education must have four components of ability, namely civic knowledge, civic skill, civic value and civic action. The four competencies of citizens are the most dominant things to be applied. This ability facilitates students in acting and thinking critically to solve problems in various social situations. That ability requires efficient expertise. In line with the overall competence, competence can also determine problem solving in learning. The implementation of this learning is based on obtaining the four competencies. This can determine the attitude of awareness and critical thinking of citizens in optimizing their abilities. The application of project-citizent-based learning to lead how a student as a citizen can obtain civic competence through a problem-solving process with the project citizent learning model. The four competencies are civic knowledge, civic skill, civic value and civic action, which are obtained when they explain the problem with their assumptions and reflect on the urgency of the problem that has been studied, civic skill is obtained when they optimize their role in solving problems by comparing various opinions from experts, civic value obtained when solving problems accompanied by solutions as a form of value or result of their studies, and civic actions are obtained when they act according to expectations and reality. Thus, it can be concluded that through learning the citizen project model, the problem-solving process can move citizens to grow and develop in a society that prioritizes awareness as citizens, thinking skills, values and positive attitudes of citizens (civic competence). This is due to the process and way students investigate the urgency of the problem and identify the problem, formulate the problem and determine the solution through the project citizen model.

Analyzing The Impact of Project-Based Learning STEAM Flipped Classroom on Computer Architecture and Organization Courses in Higher Education

This study examines the differences in students' creative thinking skills between the project-based learning STEAM Flipped Classroom and the direct learning STEAM Flipped Classroom model by paying attention to the role of academic self-efficacy as a moderator variable. The research population consists of students in informatics engineering study programs in the Denpasar area of Bali. The study used a quasi-experimental 2 x 2 factorial design. Data collection is carried out through questionnaires and test instruments. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant difference in students' creative thinking skills between those who learned with the STEAM Flipped Classroom project learning model and the STEAM Flipped Classroom direct learning model. In addition, there are differences in students' creative thinking skills based on the level of academic self-efficacy. The empirical application of the STEAM Flipped Classroom project model is proven to help students generate new ideas, develop ideas, and improve their thinking skills. However, the findings suggest that flexible thinking skills must be further enhanced. Students with high self-efficacy tend to be more proactive in providing constructive ideas in project-based learning activities. This research implies that it is necessary to actively motivate and share experiential stories with students who have low self-efficacy. In the future, I suggest that universities adopt the innovative learning model of project-based learning STEAM flipped Classroom to improve the creative thinking skills of informatics engineering students at the college level.

Economy-wide impact of a reduction in tobacco use in India

BackgroundPublic policy measures aimed at regulating tobacco use should consider the net gains for the nation, as the tobacco sector contributes to employment and tax revenue while also imposing substantial...

Алгоритмизация управленческих процессов медицинской организации для создания цифровой модели функционального прототипа регионального проекта в отрасли здравоохранения.

Currently, the issues of algorithmization of various systems, objects, phenomena and processes for their subsequent digitalization are relevant. The essence of this approach is associated with the active development of information technology. The purpose of the study is to identify processes (algorithms) for preparing and creating a digital model of a project prototype, starting with an examination of the object (managerial processes of the project activity of a medical organization) in all functional states under the influence of external factors and the existing communication environment of the system. Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the review was the scientific works of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the study of the processes of algorithmization, prototyping and mathematical modeling. More than 30 literature sources were analyzed. The research methods were: system analysis, comparison, systemic and integrated approaches, as well as the method of problem modeling and abstraction. Results. The project-oriented orientation of the healthcare industry dictates the need to develop a practical system methodology and a holistic approach to the creation of digital prototypes of medical organization projects, which will rationalize the constant search for new management models to optimize project processes. The authors made the assumption that in order to visualize design processes by selecting optimal variants of prototype models, it is possible to create a digital prototype by algorithmizing management processes. To visualize the process algorithms (mechanisms) of the prototype(s) of project management processes, researchers proposed using a matrix that allows one to correlate the formalized processes of the project model with the processes of system functioning through the stages of the project life cycle. Conclusions. The transfer of management activities into a digital format implies clear formalization and codification using pre-formed prototypes of standard management processes for further digitization and development of digital (native) prototypes. In the next article, the authors plan to analyze in detail the matrix output data obtained from the formalization of project management processes in order to obtain information that complements the results of full-scale tests of a real system, and to obtain forecasts for the evolution of the project system over time.

Competence in Unsustainability Resolution—A New Paradigm

Environmental unsustainability in coupled human–nature systems is accumulating. Yet, there is no accreditation requirement for unsustainability resolution competency in higher education. Thus, a new and complete representation of the pedagogy for unsustainability resolution competence has been induced, using what is already available and working. The nature of unsustainability problems points to collaboration and holism attitudes. Resolution requires social skills, namely participation, perspective taking, and the generation of social capital, and cognitive skills, namely project management, knowledge building, and modeling. Resolution is scaffolded in three successive steps during the collaborative process within a systems approach: (i) collapse complexity; (ii) select a path/trajectory; and (iii) operationalize a plan. The hierarchically cumulative abilities toward unsustainability resolution competence are to source data and information about the coupled human–nature system (SEARCH); simplify the dynamics of the human–nature system (SIMULATE); generate and test alternative paths and end points for the coupled human–nature system (STRATEGIZE); chose a favorable path among the available alternatives (SELECT); operationalize the favorable path into a plan (strategy–program–project) with measurable management and policy objectives (IMPLEMENT); and develop criteria/indicators to monitor and adjust when necessary the implementation of the plan toward system goals (STEER). For each one of these learning objectives, the Bloom’s taxonomy and a progression from behaviorist through cognitivist to constructivist tools apply. The development of mastery requires the comparison and contrast of many similar cases with the same unsustainability problem and project-based learning with specific cases for deep learning. In this way, it is the resolutions of unsustainability in human–nature systems that will be accumulating.

MJO Diversity in CMIP6 Models

Abstract Recent studies have shown that individual Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events can be categorized into four types based on their propagation characteristics: standing, jumping, slow-propagating, and fast-propagating MJOs. While their structures and impacts are well documented in observations, their representation in state-of-the-art climate models has not been investigated. This study evaluates the four types of MJOs in phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models. While most models show reasonable MJO propagation characteristics, their performance varies among MJO types, with better performance for the propagating MJO types. To identify the factors that drive each MJO type, background conditions at the surface, troposphere, and stratosphere are examined. We found that the standing and fast MJOs are closely associated with sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitable water (PW) distributions. Specifically, negative and positive SST and PW anomalies are observed over the equatorial Pacific during the standing and fast-propagating MJOs, respectively. In contrast, the jumping and slow-propagating MJOs do not show noticeable SST and PW distributions, suggesting that they may be more strongly influenced by the internal dynamics than by the background conditions. It is further found that the models with more frequent standing MJO than fast MJO generally have stronger negative biases in both SST and PW over the equatorial western Pacific. Although the standing MJO is also preferred when the stratospheric wind at 50 hPa is westerly, such a relationship is absent in the models. These results suggest that MJO diversity in climate models could be improved by better simulation of the mean state, especially for the standing and fast-propagating MJOs.

A Deep Learning Strategy for the Retrieval of Sea Wave Spectra from Marine Radar Data

In the context of sea state monitoring, reconstructing the wave field and estimating the sea state parameters from radar data is a challenging problem. To reach this goal, this paper proposes a fully data-driven, deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network. The network takes as input the radar image spectrum and outputs the sea wave directional spectrum. After a 2D fast Fourier transform, the wave elevation field is reconstructed, and accordingly, the sea state parameters are estimated. The reconstruction strategy, herein presented, is tested using numerical data generated from a synthetic sea wave simulator, considering the spectral proprieties of the Joint North Sea Wave Observation Project model. A performance analysis of the proposed deep-learning estimation strategy is carried out, along with a comparison to the classical modulation transfer function approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in reconstructing the directional wave spectrum across different sea states.

The efectiveness of module based on Missouri Mathematics Project model to improve students’ mathematical literacy skills

The ability that students must have in the 21st-century learning era is mathematical literacy. Generally, the selection and use of inappropriate textbooks is a factor in low mathematical literacy. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of using modules based on the Missouri Mathematics Project model in improving students' mathematical literacy. The type of research used is quantitative, using a one-shot case study. The participants of this study were 27 lower secondary students. The results showed that the module based on the Missouri Mathematics Project model could improve mathematical literacy with a classical completeness of 96%. Additionally, it can be interpreted from a one-sided t-test that the module based on the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) model is effective in improving students' mathematical literacy. The findings can assist educators in effectively utilising the modules based on the Missouri Mathematics Project model and its integration into their teaching practices.

High predicted durability for the novel small-diameter OmniaSecure defibrillation lead

BackgroundDefibrillation leads remain the Achilles heel of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. As patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are living longer and battery longevity increases, more durable leads are needed. The LEADR trial evaluated the novel, lumenless, small-diameter, OmniaSecure defibrillation lead and demonstrated favorable safety and efficacy profile as well as zero fractures through 12.7 ± 4.8 months and remains in clinical follow-up. To augment the clinical trial, advanced cardiac lead reliability modeling was used to project long-term lead durability. ObjectiveWe aimed to project the 10-year fracture-free survival of the OmniaSecure defibrillation lead using reliability modeling. MethodsThe validated reliability model, which incorporates patient and bench test data, was used to project the 10-year fracture-free survival of the OmniaSecure lead. A subset of LEADR trial patients underwent biplane fluoroscopy imaging during cardiac and patient motion to evaluate the lead’s bending curvature in vivo. Bench tests then reproduced these use conditions with greater bending curvatures than observed in patients to exaggerate stress on the lead and to evaluate the lead fatigue strength. ResultsThe reliability modeling projects a 98.2% fracture-free survival rate of the OmniaSecure lead at 10 years, including a 10-year fracture-free survival rate of 97.9% in adolescents, exceeding both the modeled and clinical 10-year performance of the highly reliable, larger diameter Sprint Quattro lead. ConclusionConsistent with early clinical trial experience, modeling projects highly durable 10-year performance of the OmniaSecure lead, including within the active adolescent pediatric population, which may uniquely benefit from a novel 4.7F defibrillation lead designed for reliability. ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT04863664

Impact of metabolic bariatric surgery on outcomes and the 10-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events during a 7-year period: a retrospective cohort study.

Metabolic bariatric surgery offers enduring weight reduction and alleviation of obesity-related comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Long-term data on one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and single-anastomosis duodenal-jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADJB-SG) is lacking, necessitating this investigation. In this multicenter prospectively-collected retrospective observational study, 830 adult Taiwanese patients (682 OAGB, 148 SADJB-SG) who underwent surgery from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2017, were initially identified. Following protocol, 224 patients (177 OAGB, 47 SADJB-SG) with complete follow-up data at various intervals up to 3 years after surgery were included in the final analysis. The study's primary focus is to evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, and durability of OAGB and SADJB-SG in promoting weight loss and diabetes remission. Additionally, changes in 10-year and lifetime risks of MACE before and 3-year after surgery are assessed using Taiwan MACE risk prediction model and the China-PAR project model. SADJB-SG patients exhibit higher diabetes prevalence, lower BMI, and more severe diabetes compared to OAGB. Both groups demonstrate significant improvements in BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia three years after surgery, with the most substantial improvements occurring in the second year. The Taiwan MACE risk model reveals a significant reduction in 10-year MACE and stroke risks for both groups. The China-PAR project model indicates a synchronized reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 10-year and lifetime risk in both OAGB and SADJB-SG groups. OAGB and SADJB-SG exhibit sustained improvements in weight reduction and obesity-related comorbidities over 3 years after surgery. Notably, both procedures contribute to a substantial reduction in 10-year MACE, stroke, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks. These findings underscore the efficacy of OAGB and SADJB-SG in the context of metabolic bariatric surgery.

Validity of Project Model Science Learning Tools Assisted by Augmented Reality to Improve Students' Literacy and Creative Thinking Abilities

The development of project model science learning tools assisted by augmented reality has been carried out to improve students' literacy and creative thinking abilities. This development research aims to produce a valid product and describe the results of the validation of the learning device so that it is suitable for use in the learning process. This type of research is research and development with 4D model design which consists of the definition, design, development and dissemination stages. Validation of learning tools was carried out by three competent expert validators at Mataram University. The development of augmented reality-assisted project model science learning tools developed consists of a syllabus, lesson plans, teaching materials, LKPD, augmented reality media as well as scientific literacy test instruments and creative thinking ability test instruments. The results of the research show that the project model science learning tools assisted by augmented reality have very valid and reliable criteria so that they are suitable for use in the science learning process in schools to improve students' scientific literacy and creative thinking abilities.

Запровадження проєктного підходу як інструменту забезпечення гнучкості та адаптивності підприємств у турбулентному середовищі

Introducing a project approach as a tool for ensuring the flexibility and adaptability of enterprises in a turbulent market environment is necessary for increasing business sustainability. The project approach allows enterprises to adapt to changes faster, reduce risks, and improve management efficiency. The modern market environment is characterized by high levels of uncertainty and turbulent change, necessitating the search for new business management approaches. Traditional management methods, focused on stability, often need to provide the flexibility and adaptability required for enterprises to survive in turbulent conditions. This article substantiates the role of the project-based approach as an effective tool for enhancing organizations’ ability to respond quickly to changes in the external environment, reduce risks, and improve management efficiency. The analysis demonstrates that the project-based approach promotes organizational flexibility, fosters innovation, and optimizes resource allocation — critical factors for the successful operation of enterprises in unstable market conditions. However, implementing this approach is accompanied by challenges, such as resistance to change and difficulties in project coordination. The article also explores various project management models, including hybrid approaches that combine the strengths of traditional and agile methodologies. The conclusions emphasize the need for further research focused on integrating the project-based approach with other management tools and studying the impact of corporate culture on the success of its implementation. The application of various models within the project approach framework allows organizations to respond more effectively to the challenges of the turbulent market, combining stability and predictability with the necessary flexibility and adaptability. Keywords: project, project-based approach, entrepreneurship, adaptability, flexibility, hybrid project models, turbulent environment.

Tapestry: Collaborative Tool for Regional Data and Modeling

This paper introduces and describes the Tapestry regional economic data and modeling project. Tapestry is an open source set of data generating algorithms, harmonization bridges, data organizing procedures and data models. It is also a database that provides access to Tapestry also represents a collaborative environment where researchers can use and improve data generating algorithms and methods. Tapestry represents many types of regional economic data and models, but ultimately it is designed to generate inter-regional social accounting matrices for every county in the United States.

Modelling a financial literacy strategy as a life project concept

Financial literacy as a key element of ensuring sustainability and stability of economic systems is becoming important in the process of economic development. Financial literacy contributes to improving the well-being of citizens and the efficiency of financial resource management at the macro level. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop models for evaluating the effectiveness of various financial literacy strategies and their impact on the formation of life projects. A complex of scientific methods, including the analysis of statistical data and modelling of financial behaviour, was used to create a strategic model of financial literacy as a concept of a life project. A methodological approach, encompassing the decomposition of the stages of a person’s life and the identification of the peculiarities, connected with the use of money at each of these stages, was implemented in the research. Approaches to financial literacy focused on various forms of interaction with financial resources were suggested, and effective strategies for improving financial literacy were identified. The concept of financial literacy was examined and specified through the lens of knowledge, skills, and confidence for making responsible financial decisions. The advantages and disadvantages of developing financial literacy in Ukraine were identified, and examples of successful strategies of leading countries were provided. The importance of financial education at different stages of a person’s life was substantiated; the key periods of a person’s life and development, when money can act as earnings, expenses, accumulation, preservation, and transfer, were specified. The assessment of the influence of financial literacy on economic behaviour was carried out, and a life project model that takes into account financial decisions and actions was developed. Monetary models of preservation and accumulation of parental income, pocket money, and earnings from employment were considered in detail. The results of this study can be applied in practice when creating a state strategy aimed at increasing the level of financial literacy of the population and ensuring economic security