Biomolecular condensates are dynamic,membraneless compartmentsthat emerge through phase separation of specific proteins and nucleicacids, regulating key biochemical processes within cells. Inspiredby these natural systems, we recently developed a modular platformfor engineering synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNA) condensates usinga multistranded branched RNA motif, termed a nanostar. Here, we employcoarse-grained modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations usingthe oxRNA2 platform to quantify conformational dynamics of 3-, 4-,and 5-arm nanostars. We define flexibility as the standard deviationof interarm angle distributions and geometry as the mean interarmangle. Across valencies at 37 °C and 0.15 M monovalent salts(NaCl), increasing the arm number reduces the mean angle as expectedfrom geometry, while the dispersion of interarm angles remains comparable,indicating similar flexibility. Salt increases the mean angle in 4-and 5-arm nanostars and increases the temperature dependence of interarmangles. In contrast, the 3-arm nanostar is largely unaffected by saltand temperature over the studied ranges. Lastly, at 1.0 M salt and37 °C, DNA nanostars adopt larger mean angles compared to RNAnanostars across all valencies, suggesting that backbone chemistryshifts preferred geometry more than it broadens fluctuations. Theseresults illuminate how valency, salt, and temperature differentiallycontrol geometry versus flexibility, informing the design of syntheticRNA nanostars and thus condensates with predictable material responses.

Virtual reality (VR) modeling and simulation have revolutionized design visualization across various industries, including transmission systems. By immersing engineers and operators in a virtual environment, VR technology enables interactive exploration and analysis of complex designs and operational scenarios. This approach enhances the understanding of spatial relationships, performance dynamics, and potential challenges within transmission networks. VR simulations facilitate real-time

The Routed DEVS (RDEVS) formalism has been introduced recently to provide a reasonable formalization for the simulation of routing processes over Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) models. Due to its novelty, new software tools are required to improve the Modeling and Simulation (MS) tasks related to the RDEVS formalism. This paper presents the mapping between constrained network models obtained from textual specifications of routing processes and RDEVS simulation models implemented in Java. RDEVSNL context-free grammar (previously defined) is used to support the textual specification of a routing process as a constrained network model. Such grammar is based on a metamodel that defines the syntactical elements. This metamodel is used in this paper as a middleware that allows mapping constrained network model concepts with RDEVS simulation models. From such a constrained network model template, RDEVS Java implementations are obtained. The proposal is part of a work-in-progress intended to develop MS software tools for the RDEVS formalism using well-known abstractions to get the computational models through conceptual mapping. Using these tools, modelers can specify simulation models without needing to codify any routing implementation. The main benefits are i) reduction of implementation times and ii) satisfactory simulation model correctness regarding the RDEVS formalism.

Computer networking is taught for some time at universities. A network is a complex mix of applications, communications protocols and link technologies, traffic flows and routing algorithms. Teaching the networking concept, the network design process is a challenging task, requiring designers to balance user performance expectations with costs and capacities. One of the obvious approaches employed to deal with its complexity is through the use of modelling and simulation techniques. This paper examines three best educational tools that can be used in the Computer Networking course at Cardiff Metropolitan University or any University for educational purpose. The paper demonstrates that a successful teaching programme needs to combine a range of teaching tools to achieve its aims. Analysing various aspects of the course provides evaluation of the overall success of the tools. Many network design and simulation tools have been studied. Based on our research and experiment, the best educational tools were selected that could be used for the purpose of teaching in the area of computer communications networks. The wide area network modelling tool Delite, the network simulator ns-3, the topology generation tool Brite can be used together to teach students the networking concepts. These tools can not only help students to understand computer network principles but also improve their network practical skills. Currently there are various tools available that are created by different companies and groups of researchers in academia and that are intended for use as practical and/or educational tools for network design including security issues. To make this task easy, different users, researchers and companies have developed different network modelling and simulation (MS) tools. Very often, such tools are addressing different issues in the network design process which are complementary to each other. It would be useful for learning and improving the network design process by allowing the use of a variety of tools.

This study presented an innovative Bayesian Network (BN) modelling andsimulation for supplier selection problem of an actual electronic parts manufacturing firm of Pakistan.The list of qualitative and quantitative factors which affect this supplier selection decision wasextracted from a variety of studies in literature. The problem was modelled and solved in respectiveBN software platform using the standard recommended procedure. Results showed that ―Quality‖ and ―Costs‖ were the most crucial factors for the Short Life Cycle(SLP) products industry underinvestigation. The supplier alternative which was strong in these factors, had emerged as the most suitable option. The results were found to be beneficial for other SLP industries of Pakistan too.

The research project introduces an efficient HMI-based digitally controlled electric bike hardware model. Thesystem is designed using power electronics and LCD touch control. A low-cost model with regenerative features increases the acceptance of electric vehicles in Pakistan. The country is facing grave environmental issues and the transport sector has a major role in polluting the environment. Technology also promotes the environment-friendly electric vehicles Industry and reduces the growing pollution problem of the country. Economical transport with feasible milage is an essential need of the current time. Research provides the effective Electric-bike with digital security and improved mileage. A Six-Step DC/AC power converter drives the low consumption BLDC motor. The project analyzed the real-time performance of the electric vehicle on HMI. A regenerative braking system generates power while reducing the speed of a moving electric bike. The modeling andsimulation are performed using Proteus/Multisim simulating software. Results are verified using a hardware test model. The results will be helpful for design commercial advance HMI-based electric bikes in terms of motor requirement, machine behaviour, charging/discharging analysis at a different speed and torque, charging the battery while driving, and their limitations.

Modeling and simulation of temperature nano-probes for nano-devices with variable powers

Expanded graphite particle is characterized by the low density incomparison with those of bead glass and copper particles. Hydrodynamicsof the irregular-shaped graphite particle swirling flows in a coaxialchamber are investigated via an improved kinetic frictional stressmodel. A drag force coefficient considering the effects of irregularshapes based on the artificial neural network algorithm is adoptedto describe the momentum transfer between nonspherical particles andgas phases. The proposed model, algorithm, and source code for modelingand simulation are validated by measurement using spherical glassbeads, and acceptable agreement is obtained. Lower sphericity particlesenhance the anisotropic particle dispersions and induces the redistributionsof the Reynolds stresses of the two-phase flow. Irregular-shaped particlesare more sensitive to the gas followability instead of own inertia,whereas spherical particles are easier to be affected by the inleteffects. The interlock force between nonspherical particles takesgreat effect on particle flow than the spherical particle. The axial–axialnormal stresses of sphericities of 0.63 and 0.72 are approximately3.4 times larger than those of shear stress of spherical particle,and their axial velocities locating at near central regions are 3.0times larger than those of sphericities.

The last stage of many manufacturing processes used in polymer processing industry are primary forming processes such as extrusion or injection molding.If melts of semicrystalline plastics are subjected to such processes, temperature control opens up the possibility of influencing solid state properties.This concerns those that depend on crystallinity, as it is possible to enhance crystallization by slow cooling or to suppress it by quenching.However, during the forming process the melt rarely rests, so that solidification processes in flows occur.Those complex processes can only be examined in detail by numerical simulation.The present work contributes to this by developing a novel modeling approach for isotactic polypropylene, detailed presentation and solution of problems in modeling and numerics, as well as exemplary studies for the calculation of a profile extrusion and injection molding process.Detailed calorimetric and rheometric investigations of the solidification behavior and a consideration of molecular processes during crystallization serve as a fundament for modeling.The crystallization model is based on the derivation of the crystallization progress from data of a dynamic scanning calorimetry over a large range of cooling rates.It enables the consideration of suppression of crystallization and a local determination of the crystallinity.The flow behavior of the melt is described by a thermorheological, generalized Maxwell model with the exponential expansion of Phan-Thien and Tanner.Solidified regions are modeled using an adequately parameterized Newtonian law.The numerical realization is done by implementing the modeling approaches in the open source CFD library OpenFOAM.To ensure reliability of the solver, the log-conformation reformulation, both side diffusion stabilization and block-coupled pressure-velocity coupling are used.Detailed studies for elementary static and dynamic problems verify the method and investigate the interaction of all modeling approaches.Parameter studies for realistic profile extrusion and injection molding configurations in 2D and 3D results show examples of application.The results show that the developed method allows to predict the interaction between melt and solidified domains and the crystallinity in the solid.v Kurzfassung Am Ende vieler Herstellungsprozesse, die in der kunststoffverarbeitenden Industrie Anwendung finden, stehen urformende Herstellungsverfahren wie Strangextrusion oder Spritzgieen.Werden Schmelzen teilkristalliner Kunststoffe derartigen Prozessen unterzogen, ergeben sich durch die Temperaturfhrung Mglichkeiten der Beeinflussung von Festkrpereigenschaften. Das betrifft solche, die von der Kristallinitt abhngen, denn es ist mglich Kristallisation durch langsames Abkhlen zu begnstigen, oder sie durch Abschrecken zu unterdrcken.Whrend des Formgebungsprozesses ruht die Schmelze jedoch in den seltensten Fllen, sodass es zu Erstarrungsprozessen in Strmungen kommt.Hierbei handelt es sich um komplexe Prozesse,

The present research paper acquaints with a cohesive method for a performance analysis of the hybrid electric vehicles. The inspiration of this research is given by the fact that the evolution happens in automotive sector, in recent times Hybrid Electric Vehicles are trending. As EV become hopeful alternatives for sustainable and cleaner energy emissions in transportation, the modelling and simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles has involved the researchers. This research is based on Mat lab modelling, both Modelling and simulation have become inseparable actions in any applied branch in engineering research and development. Nowadays, the nature of inseparability is even more obvious in the case of automotive industry. A set of 3 different research studies are projected and efficiency of designed Hybrid Electric Vehicle is tested through a series of simulation results. The power train machineries consist of a motor, a battery, a generator and a controller; modelled according to their mathematical concepts. Simulated electrical and mechanical results are plotted and discussed. The torque and speed circumstances during motoring and regeneration were used to determine the flow of energy, and performance of the drive. The credit is given by the accuracy of the model and simulation with the presented performance analysis methods. The improvement of this method is that the system performance can be validated to a large extent from an initial stage. The results can contribute to the real-world of developing H

Thermodynamic modeling and simulation of CO2 and H2S removal processes from natural gas and flue gases

Modeling and Simulation of 4-Axis Dedicated Robot for CNC Lathe

This work focuses on the study of the forces applied to the rotors of horizontal axis wind turbines. The aerodynamics of a wind turbine is regulated by the flow around the rotor, where the prediction of air loads on the rotor blades in various operational conditions and its relationship with the structural dynamics of the rotor is crucial for design purposes. One of the most important challenges in the aerodynamics of wind turbines therefore to accurately predict the forces on the blade when the blade and the wake are modeled by different approaches such as the theory of the blade element (BEM) the vortex method and CFD method which involves solving the Navier-Stokes equations. In our article, the model is used for modeling and simulate the forces applied to the rotors of wind turbines horizontal axis use the application of the method of the blade element for modeling the rotor and the vortex method of free wake modeling in order to develop a model of the rotor, which can be used to study wind farms. This model is intended to speed up the calculation, guaranteeing a good representation of aerodynamic loads exerted by the flow of wind.

Coal ignition and combustion under conventional and oxy-fuel conditions are numerically investigated to understand the interactions between chemical and transport processes and to support model development. Char burnout of coal particles is studied in highly resolved numerical simulations including a detailed description of the particle surface and the gas phase chemistry. At the solid-gas interface, heat and mass fluxes due to surface reactions involving carbon oxidation and gasification are considered. The model is validated with experimental results for char burnout in a flat flame burner. A comprehensive set of fully resolved reactive 2-D simulations has been performed by varying particle size, relative velocity, diluent, and oxygen composition in the surrounding gas. The simulation results are discussed regarding the CO2 and N2 content of the atmosphere highlighting the effects of oxy-fuel combustion. Increasing particle Reynolds number reduces gas temperature and results in a faster oxygen supply, which consequently yields a higher particle burning rate up to the point where the resulting temperature reduction leads to a lower burning rate. Combustion reduces the drag force of the reacting particle and thus a modified drag coefficient as a function of the dimensionless Stefan flow velocity is provided. In addition, ignition of coal particles is studied by using a fully coupled Euler- Lagrange approach. Devolatilization of coal particles is modeled with the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) method coupled with a detailed gas chemistry. Numerical simulations showed that an increase of ignition delay time in oxy-atmosphere compared to the air case is related to the depletion of radicals that react with the abundant CO2 of the oxy-atmosphere. Considering different particle streams showed that an increase in particle number density delays the onset of ignition and forms a more continuous and narrower flame front. Particle heating and ignition induce velocity variations in the gas phase. In the denser stream, velocity variations become significant and compromise the validity of a constant velocity assumption that is usually made in computing ignition delay time from the observed ignition location. It is also found that high particle slip velocities lead to a locally low volatile concentration and low temperature, which consequently increase ignition delay time.

The main goal of the present investigation is a contribution to the design of the rotor which is among the main turbine elements that require more attention in preliminary conceptual design for safety, reliability and high performance. The modeling and simulation are carried out using a fast tool computational Abaqus software code. It allows a verification of the thermo mechanical characteristics at the different sections of the blades during the design of a centrifugal turbine. It will then be possible to use the design of the blades, and improvement by definition and by changing their shape. The results obtained put into evidence and highlights the effects of the coupling of thermal and mechanical loading conditions which may be considered in rotor design and improving turbine performance.

Modeling and Simulation of LEACH Protocol to Analyze DEVS Kernel-models in Sensor Networks

Situational awareness provides the decision making capability to identify, process, and comprehend big data. In our approach, situational awareness is achieved by integrating and analyzing multiple aspects of data using stacked bar graphs and geographic representations of the data. We provide a data visualization tool to represent COVID pandemic data on top of the geographical information. The combination of geospatial and temporal data provides the information needed to conduct situational analysis for the COVTD-19 pandemic. By providing interactivity, geographical maps can be viewed from different perspectives and offer insight into the dynamical aspects of the COVTD-19 pandemic for the fifty states in the USA. We have overlaid dynamic information on top of a geographical representation in an intuitive way for decision making. We describe how modeling and simulation of data increase situational awareness, especially when coupled with immersive virtual reality interaction. This paper presents an immersive virtual reality (VR environment and mobile environment for data visualization using Oculus Rift head-mounted display and smartphones. This work combines neural network predictions with human-centric situational awareness and data analytics to provide accurate, timely, and scientific strategies in combatting and mitigating the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. Testing and evaluation of the data visualization tool have been done with realtime feed of COVID pandemic data set for immersive environment, non-immersive environment, and mobile environment.

In this paper, the elevated temperature on a concrete-galvalume composite beam's flexural strength based on the numerical and experimental methods is investigated. The strategy is to perform modeling and simulation of the flexural test based on finite element method (FEM) at room temperature and validate its results by using experiments at the same temperature. With material constants and boundary conditions set-up provided from the validation, we model and simulate the same flexural tests for the composite at higher temperatures. The study concludes that the flexural strength of the beam decreases at higher temperature. Additionally, it was shown that cracking moments is very sensitive to the temperature fluctuation and the failure modes are sensitive with respect to the elevated temperature.

Modeling and Simulation as a Service

Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Power Split Continuously Variable Transmission Based on SimulationX