Model In Vietnam Research Articles

Theoretical background and solutions for Social security model in Vietnam

Through analyzing statistical data, this research attempts to present the situation of the social security model in Vietnam in recent years, thereby pointing out the limitations in the issuance and implementation of relevant policies. The results show that: (i) although the participants in the social security have been expanded, the coverage is yet to meet the target; (ii) Vietnam is adopting the socialization model with the principle of "payment-benefit" where large numbers of participants join to share risks and funds are pooled to pay for the insured. However, there is still a difference between the payment-benefit level between participants and; (iii) the monopoly of the State in providing the service, managing and using the social security funds has revealed many shortcomings. Through analyzing the current practice, the authors propose some solutions to improve Vietnam's social security model in the coming period, including (i) expanding the coverage to ensure the benefits for the participants and increase the revenue; (ii) specifying the principles of insurance, in particular, the premium obligations and funding of the State for each target group so as to reduce the burden for the insurance funds; (iii) encouraging the participation of the private sector in the provision of services to avoid the overloading to the current insurance funds and offer more options for the participants and; (iv) improving the management and using of the funds.

Implementation of the law on solid waste management in Vietnam today: necessity, problem and solutions

Good management of solid waste aims to protect human health, preserve the environment, save resources and towards the sustainable development of the country. Solid waste management is expected to become increasingly complex in Vietnam due to socio-economic development and population growth. There are many factors influencing solid waste management, but it is indispensable for law to be a social management tool of the State. The provisions of the law on solid waste management and the process of law implementation need to be more and more complete in response to the increasing requirements for environmental protection. Therefore, the paper focuses on clarifying the current legal model in Vietnam that governs solid waste management relations and the process of law implementation on solid waste management in Vietnam, points out some shortcomings and problems concerning law implementation on solid waste management, thereby proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of law implementation in this field. Those are: 1/Completing decentralization in solid waste management; 2/Determining the priority order in controlling and limiting the sources of solid wastes; 3/Completing incentive mechanisms and policies, encouraging activities to reduce, reuse and recycle solid waste; 4/ Strengthening inspection, examination and handling of violations in solid waste management; 5/Promoting socialization in solid waste management.

Socio Economic Development According to Sustainable Ecological Model: The Case of Vietnam

Nowadays, many countries consider the sustainable ecological model as an inevitable trend in their socio-economic development. During its development process, Vietnam is affected by unfavorable factors due to the global climate change. Therefore, it is requested to select a sustainable socio-economic development strategy as one of the priorities for the development. However, the success of this development model in Vietnam depends on many factors. This article analyses the theories and practices of the pillars for a sustainable ecology model. Then, some basic solutions are recommended to contribute to socio-economic construction and development in the sustainable ecology model in Vietnam today. This article is also part of my research results and my colleagues have done many research projects on ecological philosophy and application in social development in Vietnam in recent years.

A high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam

A high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on new gravity data. A set of 29,121 land gravity measurements was used in combination with fill-in data where no gravity data existed. Global Gravity field Models plus Residual Terrain Model effects and gravity field derived from altimetry satellites were used to provide the fill-in information over land and marine areas. A mixed model up to degree/order 719 was used for the removal of the long and medium wavelengths and the calculation of the quasigeoid restore effects. The residual height anomalies have been determined employing the Stokes integral using the Fast Fourier Transform approach and deterministic kernel modification proposed by Wong–Gore, as well as by means of Least-Squares Collocation. The accuracy of the resulting quasigeoid models was evaluated by comparing with height anomalies derived from 812 co-located GNSS/levelling points. Results are very similar; both local quasigeoid models have a standard deviation of 9.7 cm and 50 cm in mean bias when compared to the GNSS/levelling points. This new local quasigeoid model for Vietnam represents a significant improvement over the global models EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2008, which have standard deviations of 19.2 and 29.1 cm, respectively, for this region.

The Application of a Conceptual Framework and Model for Information, Education and Communication (IEC) to Reduce Antibiotic Misuse in Vu Ban District, Nam Dinh Province

This study aimed to improve the community health workers’ awareness and practical ability of rational use of antibiotics to reduce antibiotic misuse among the Vietnamese population in Nam Dinh Province. The ‘Modified Kolb’s Model for Vietnam (MKMVN)’ developed and piloted successfully in a rural district of Nam Dinh Province with significant improvements regarding antibiotic use and administration was repeatedly applied for another rural district within Nam Dinh Province as the training program taken place in each of 18 community health centers within the district. Assessment of the effectiveness of program was done through questionnaire and focus group discussion. The study showed positive changes in the health workers’ knowledge and practical ability regarding the use and administration of antibiotics. The health workers’ confidence for working and learning was evident in the focus groups held as part of the final evaluation. The overall mean score for correct responses to the questionnaire elevated significantly from 55.52 9.32 points before the program to 97.19 2.38 points after the completion of the program and remained comparatively high at 83.10 8.28 points after three months. Considerable improvements were seen in solving patients’ problems, providing appropriate treatment and administration of medicines and antibiotics in particular. By using the MKMVN as the educational intervention, this study showed evidently improvements in the participants’ knowledge and practical ability regarding antibiotic use and administration. It also revealed that the model was accessible, acceptable and appropriate for the community health workers. It is recommended that the model can be applied on a larger scale and for other key health issues.

Smart-building management system: An Internet-of-Things (IoT) application business model in Vietnam

The accelerating significance and prevalence of IoT (Internet-of-Things) have been recently appreciated by academicians and policy makers. The emergence of ubiquitous sensors, smart devices and broad-band Internet capacity has enabled the integration of networks for synchronous data collecting and processing, which ultimately facilitates prompt decision-making and physical responses to changes in a real-time manner. The virtual interconnectedness of humans and objects exerts managerial efficiency and emotional comfort for network operators, end users and other third party actors, which results in the embrace of IoT-based platforms in production and consumption. The skyrocketing urbanization has chronically caused dense concentration of population in buildings, which yields market prospects for smart-building management system solutions based on IoT applications. Nevertheless, IoT application business models have remained nascent in emerging and transitional economies. In this paper, the authors exploit the Business Model Canvas to assess an IoT start-up in Vietnam and to establish an output Business Model Canvas for entrepreneurs. Findings indicate high competitive advantages of local enterprises and propose vertical integration in joint ventures as the entry strategy for foreign investors.

Sustainable development in Ho Chi Minh City: Current status and policy implication

HCMC has confirmed its role as an economic locomotive and effective development model for Vietnam and the Southern Key Economic Zone as well. In integrating actively into the world economy, HCMC’s biggest challenge in the coming decade is to secure a sustainable development. Examining sustainability of its economic development is also a challenge to researchers and policy-makers in Vietnam. Based on theories of development economics and data about HCMC economic development in 2011-2015, this research uses statistical description of data to estimate the development process in HCMC. We find that HCMC is yet not to secure a sustainable development but on the road to achieve this goal.

Impact of supply chain alignment on construction performance: A developed model for Vietnam

There are many articles mentioning the advantages and benefits of supply chain alignment none, however, describe how to model such alignment in the supply chain. This paper offers a framework for examining and understanding the impact supply chain alignment has on performance. Based on supply chain mapping approach, a model describing alignment between processes/ flows in the supply chain network is developed. The model is then validated using a dataset of 316 enterprises operating in the Vietnam construction sector. Evidence indicates that the supply chain processes and flows were aligned. According to the results, the proposed supply chain alignment model is able to explain a 59.9% variance in operational performance, 58.9% in customer satisfaction, 34.5% in operating costs and 67.4% in business performance. To successfully align the supply chain network, companies can use the proposed model as a “road-map” to reduce high costs, to avoid the loss of control, management difficulties and/or vulnerability to opportunistic action, all of which may hinder efforts to align the supply chains.

The Application of “Good Governance” Model in Vietnam

The term “Governance” has been used since 1990s in the process of public sector reform and implementation of new public management models in many countries. The model “Good Governance” has eight basic characteristics namely: Participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, equitable and inclusive, effective and efficient, rule of law followed. In the process of international economic integration and development, the application of the above-mentioned characteristics on the governance in Vietnam is an important complement to the development and modernization of public management. This paper analyzes the context of implementing “Good Governance” in Vietnam, evaluates achievements and challenges in several aspects such as building the rule of law, enhancing transparency and anti-corruption, strengthening the participation of the people, strengthening accountability, consensus, and proposes recommendations to promote public management reform in the time to come.

Using Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis to Determine Tax Compliance Model for Vietnam

Using Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis to Determine Tax Compliance Model for Vietnam

Establishment of the ovarian tissue cryopreservation protocol on bovine model

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is a suitable method for fertility preservation on women receiving treatment that may threaten the ovarian function and subsequent fertility. The whole ovarian or a part of ovarian can be cryopreserved for future use. This study was aimed to establish ovarian tissue cryopreservation protocols on bovine model for human application in Vietnam. In this method, bovine ovarians were collected from a slaughterhouse and kept at 4 oC up to a maximum of 12 hours before doing experiments. The ovarian cortex was cut into pieces of 10x10x1 mm. These pieces were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) fresh species (control group), (2) species were freezed by slow-freezing method and (3) pieces were freezed by vitrification. After thawing, ovarian cortex pieces were treated with Collagenase Ia for the follicle isolation. The isolated follicles then were stained with Neutral Red. The rate of viable follicles was used as the outcome measure to assess the efficiency of the cryopreservation protocol. In results, the rates of viable follicles were 72.46 ± 6.11 % and 59.09 ± 7.08 % after slow-freezing and vitrification comparing to the control group, respectively. This was the first study which successfully established a protocol of ovarian tissue cryopreservation on bovine model in Vietnam. The protocol should be improved for further application to human treatment in the near future.

Vaccine safety monitoring systems in developing countries: an example of the Vietnam model.

Only few health intervention programs have been as successful as vaccination programs with respect to preventing morbidity and mortality in developing countries. However, the success of a vaccination program is threatened by rumors and misunderstanding about the risks of vaccines. It is short-sighted to plan the introduction of vaccines into developing countries unless effective vaccine safety monitoring systems are in place. Such systems that track adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is currently lacking in most developing countries. Therefore, any rumor may affect the entire vaccination program. Public health authorities should implement the safety monitoring system of vaccines, and disseminate safety issues in a proactive mode. Effective safety surveillance systems should allow for the conduct of both traditional and alternative epidemiologic studies through the use of prospective data sets. The vaccine safety data link implemented in Vietnam in mid-2002 indicates that it is feasible to establish a vaccine safety monitoring system for the communication of vaccine safety in developing countries. The data link provided the investigators an opportunity to evaluate AEFI related to measles vaccine. Implementing such vaccine safety monitoring system is useful in all developing countries. The system should be able to make objective and clear communication regarding safety issues of vaccines, and the data should be reported to the public on a regular basis for maintaining their confidence in vaccination programs.

The rational asset pricing model in Vietnam

Nowadays there are many empirical studies verifying the models of asset pricing such as the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model), the Three - Factored Model (FF3), Four - Factored Model (FF4), and the testing studies on the Vietnam stock market as well as studies abroad. We selected stocks listed on Vietnam stock market which have been listed continuously at the end of 2011, stocks which have BE/ME < 0 were eliminated. Following this selection 299 stocks have been selected. This research aims to evaluate the rationality of pricing models: the CAPM, the FF3, the FF3 combined with the liquidity. The findings showed that in Vietnam context, the FF3 model is more accordant than the CAPM, the model of FF3 combined with liquidity is more coincident than the FF3 model. Thus, we suggested the Four Factored Model for the case of the stock market of Vietnam.

Structural Model for Adoption and Usage of E-banking in Vietnam

E-banking is an inevitable trend of the banking industry in the future. E-banking benefits not only banks but also customers, so the study of models of adoption and usage of E-banking is essential. Nguyễn & Cao (2011) propose the adoption and usage of E-banking model in Vietnam - E-BAM (E-Banking Adoption Model), and their findings showed that eight following factors - performance expectancy, compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, perceived risk in transaction, bank image, and macro impact of law - affect the E-banking adoption and E-banking adoption affects E-banking usage. However, according to some relevant theoretical models, this model does not show relationships among independent variables and the effects of independent variables on the E-banking usage. In this paper, authors re-propose a new model of E-BAM to overcome the limitations of the 2011 research, the relationships in the model were analyzed by linear structural model - SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Factors including perceived behavioral control, compatibility, performance expectancy, bank image and perceived risk in transaction are mutually influenced and affect the E-banking adoption intention; while perceived ease of use and E-banking adoption affect the E-banking usage.

Peer-based Education and the Integration of HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Young People in Vietnam: Evidence from a Project Evaluation

IntroductionThis paper reports changes in behavioral outcomes related to the use of HIV testing service of a project that employed peer-based education strategies and integration of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services targeting young people aged 15–24 across 5 provinces in Vietnam.MethodsA pre-test/post-test, non-experimental evaluation design was used. Data were collected from cross-sectional surveys of youth and client exit interviews at project supported SRH clinics conducted at baseline and again at 24 months following implementation. The baseline samples consisted of 813 youth and 399 exit clients. The end line samples included 501 youths and 399 exit clients. Z test was used to assess changes in behavioral outcomes.ResultsResults show that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of youth who wanted to obtain a HIV test (from 33% to 51%), who had ever had a test (from 7.5% to 15%), and who had a repeat test in the last 12 months (from 54.5% to 67.5%). Exit client interviews found a nearly five-fold increase in the percentage of clients seeking HIV VCT in their current visit (5.0% vs. 24.5%) and almost two-fold increase in the percentage of those having their last test at a project supported clinic (9.3% vs. 17.8%). There were also positive changes in some aspects of youth HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence regarding the benefits of the integration of HIV VCT-SRH services in terms of increased access to HIV services and testing in Vietnam. Benefits of peer-based education regarding increased HIV knowledge were also identified. Further investigations, including experimental studies with assessment of health outcomes and the uptake of HIV testing services, are required to better elucidate the effectiveness and challenges of this intervention model in Vietnam.

Proposing the online advertising on social network adoption model in Vietnam

Social network is strongly growing and is increasingly becoming an integral part of the daily life of people in all over the world; online advertising on social networks is a potential market for the business towards. With the booming development of web 2.0, online advertising is showing a remarkable transformation, Vietnam marketers are approaching the new form of online advertising on social network such as facebook, zingme, google+, linkedin, twitter, yume... The studies showed that the popularity of online advertising on social networking is essential. This study proposes a new model that is online advertising on social network adoption model in Vietnam. Research results shows that independent factors affect to attitude toward advertising and attitude toward advertising affects to online advertising on social networks; all proposed hypotheses are accepted. The model explains 72.9% of variance in the online advertising on social network adoption.

Economic restructure and reform of growth model in Vietnam

Since the 1986 economic reforms known as ”Doi Moi” (All Round), the policies of Vietnam have been guided actively towards a more open and integrated economy within the world economy. After a period of rapid growth, Vietnam has a number of global recognized achievements. In 2010, Vietnam emerged as a lower middle income country based on World Bank rankings. Economic structures have been progressively modernised; social-economic infrastructure has improved significantly both in quantity and quality; some new and high technology industries have been introduced and developed. Recent research, however, indicates that the Vietnamese growth model has reached an end point and in this new context, the model reveals some weaknesses which require fundamental changes to occur. This need to reform the growth model becomes more urgent than ever to avoid a middle income trap and to improve competitiveness in order to actively cope with external risks in an international integration process, to step forward quickly, and to narrow the development gap with other countries in the region and the Global Economy. This paper focuses on analysing the weaknesses, shortcomings of the economic structure and current growth model in Vietnam with an aim to propose new directions and some key measures to implement economic restructuring in parallel with reforming the growth model for the period 2012–2020.

Farmers' satisfaction with aquaculture — A logistic model in Vietnam

Aquaculture has been an important economic sector in Vietnam due to its rapid growth and considerable contribution to national fisheries production. With data collected from a field survey interviewing 120 fish farmers in southern Vietnam, this study uses a cumulative logistic model to extend the satisfaction approach to an analysis of the farmers' satisfaction with their fish farming. Regression results show that relative income, not absolute income from aquaculture, has enhanced job satisfaction of the farmers with their fish production. Farmer satisfaction with fish culture is also estimated to increase with their age, their involvement in extension services, larger relative pond surface, and a higher expectation of earnings from aquaculture.

Building trust—Evidence from Vietnamese entrepreneurs

In the context of underdeveloped market institutions, entrepreneurs in a transition economy are forced to rely on trust-based partnerships. In the absence of effective market institutions and sufficient elapsed time, these entrepreneurial firms find a great need to actively and intentionally develop trust with their partners. The current literature, however, has virtually overlooked the possibility of trust being intentionally developed in interfirm relationships. This study develops a model that links trust development strategies, trust, and interfirm collaboration, and reports an empirical test of that model in Vietnam. The results support the general thesis that trust can be intentionally developed to facilitate interfirm relationships.

Knowledge Acquisition and Performance of International Joint Ventures in the Transition Economy of Vietnam

From a knowledge-based perspective, the authors develop a model that proposes (1) that certain international joint venture characteristics influence the joint venture's knowledge acquisition from its foreign parent and (2) that the amount of knowledge acquired affects venture performance. The authors test the model in Vietnam and find that parental conflict, commitment, and receptivity affect knowledge acquisition. As they hypothesize, the amount of knowledge acquired contributes significantly to venture performance.