In this study, a data-driven adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed for a class of linear discrete-time multiple-input and multiple-output systems. With the unknown system model, the nominal controller with an observer-based residual generator is first developed based on the system input and output (I/O) data in the fault-free case; in the faulty case, the fault tolerant compensation mechanism is designed based on the model-free adaptive control method. Compared to the existing data-driven FTC methods, the number of the fault-tolerant tuning parameters in this study is determined by the system I/O dimensions instead of arbitrarily defined, which may lead to fewer tuning parameters with satisfactory performance. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated by two simulation examples.