Objective To discuss the best bacterial combination for the diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis (BV). Methods This is a retrospective study, 230 BV-positive patients and 360 healthy women were enrolled based on the Amsel criteria and Nugent score.5 BV-associated bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Leptotrichia/Sneathia species, et al. were amplified by specific-PCR assay, the detection rate were compared between two groups.ROC curve and Kappa test were used to select the best combination. Results The detection rate of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia/Sneathia species, Megasphaera species and Mobiluncus mulieris in BV group (91.3%，83.5%，39.1%，42.6% and 36.5% respectively) were markedly higher than that in healthy women (37.2%，14.4%，11.7%，8.9% and 5.6% respectively), χ2 value were 168.848，275.776，60.949，92.886 and 92.68, all P<0.05.The area under ROC curve of A.vag，G.Vag+A.vag，G.Vag+A.vag+Lepto，G.Vag+A.vag+Mega and G.Vag+A.vag+M.mul were 0.845，0.862，0.865，0.869 and 0.867, and the sensitivity and specifity were higher than 80%, the value of Kappa were larger than 0.75 (P<0.05).Thus, these five methods were coincident. Conclusion Detection of Atopobium vaginae may be a better way for the diagnosis of BV.（Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:1167-1171） Key words: Vaginosis; bacterial; Actinobacteria; Leptotrichia; Polymerase chain reaction

To analyze the community in dental plaque of elder people with root caries. Total DNAs were extracted from the root caries dental plaques of nine elders over 60 years of age. Polymerase chaid reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze the microbial composition, DGGE bands were excised from the gels for sequencing and identification. The dominant genus in root caries dental plaque of elder people were: Acinetobacte [0.9% (1/114)], Actinobaculum [1.8% (2/114)], Actinomyces [15.8% (18/114)], Aggregatibacter [0.9% (1/114)], Capnocytophaga [14.0% (16/114)], Corynebacterium [0.9% (1/114)], Haemophilus [0.9% (1/114)], Mobiluncus [0.9% (1/114)], Naxibacter [0.9% (1/114)], Neisseriaceae [10.5% (12/114)], Porphyromonas [0.9% (1/114)], Prevotella [12.3% (14/114)], Selenomonas [6.1% (7/114)], Staphylococcus [1.8% (2/114)], Oralis streptococcus [6.1% (7/114)], Mutans streptococcu [7.9% (9/114)], Tannerella [0.9% (1/114)], Treponema [1.8% (2/114)], Veillonella [10.5% (12/114)] and two uncultured unknown genus [1.8% (2/114)]. Uncultred genotypes accounted for 19.30% of the total. Gram-positive bacteria genotype accounted for 31.6% (36/114), and Gram-negative bacteria genotype accounted for 66.7% (76/114). There were many bacteria genotypes in root caries dental plaque in the elderly, which were widely distributed. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for the majority. Genotype-specific pathogenic bacteria were not found.

Objectives To identified the strain 1012 from the National Center of Clinical Laboratory of China for microbe inter-laboratory quality assessment in 2010, and study the taxonomic status of strain 1012 and related species in the genus Actinomyces. Methods The bacterial traditional morphological characteristics, commercial API systems, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were applied to identify the problematic culture of strain 1012. The phylogenetic tree based on the remote information of the prokaryotes systems was constructed to study the taxonomic status and evolutionary relationship of the genus Actinomyces and related species in the family Actinomycetaceae. Results Strain 1012 was determined as a kind of facuhative anaerobic, non-spot-forming, Gram-positive coryneform bacteria, which was identified to Actinomyces turicensis for the phenotypic biochemical characteristics of more than 60 items, The comparative study of 16S rRNA gene showed the strain 1012 with 99. 8％ similarities to Actinomyces turicensis, but only 90. 6％ to the type species of Actinomyces bovis in the genus Actinomyces. However, the comparative study of 16S rRNA gene showed the strain 1012 with only 90. 6％ homology to the type species of Actinomyces bovis in the genus Actinomyces. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that nine independent clusters were grouped in the family Actinomycetaceae, of which four clusters were separately represented the genera Varibaculum,Mobiluncus, Actinobaculum and Arcanobacterium, while other five clusters all were designated to the genus Actinomyces. The study showed strain 1012 was located in genus Ⅲ of Actinomyces, yet with a relatively long genetic distance to Actinomyces bovis. Conclusion The genus Actinomyces may be reclassified as one genus Actinomyces sensu stricto and several new genera for the genotypic characteristics. Key words: Actinomycetaceae; RNA, ribosomal, 16S; Sequence analysis, RNA; Evaluation studies

From October 1991 through December 1997, 186 strains of Mobiluncuswere isolated from the clinical specimens of 182 patients. In this investigation, the clinical characteristics, morphology, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were studied using biochemical tests, gram-stain and disc diffusion test. These isolates were collected from various sites. Most were isolated from cervix (143), the rest were from the vagina (10), appendix (9), abdomen (4), ear (3), two each from vulva, pleural effusion, ascites, anus, umbilicus and ureter, one each from lumbar spine, kidney, diabetic foot, perineum and placenta. Mobiluncus caused different types of infections. Most infections and diseases were polymicrobial (94%), but in 12 patients (6%), the isolates were presented as monomicrobial infection. The bacteria were frequently associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID, 53), cervicitis (18), endometrioma (12), endometritis (11) and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA, 10). We have proven Mobiluncus to be a common anaerobic pathogen which causes infection in female genital tract.