Purpose This study investigates a research model linking resource mobilisation (RM), management commitment to quality (MCQ), digital supply chain adoption (DSCA) and operational performance (OP) under the moderating role of digital maturity (DM). Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered using an online questionnaire distributed to a sample of Moroccan manufacturing firms. A total of 130 valid questionnaires were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings The results indicate that RM influences MCQ significantly, which in turn affects DSCA, leading to a positive impact on OP. In addition, the findings reveal that DM lessens the strength of the relationship between DSCA and OP, suggesting that the more digitally mature the organisations the more the risk of rigidity integration with operational gains. These findings provide nuanced insights into the mechanisms and effects of DSCA. Originality/value This study contributes to literature on DSCA by testing a model that links digitalisation's resources, MCQ and DM. The findings offer actionable guidance for managers. They clarify the role of MCQ in achieving positive effects on DSCA and operational gains while also warning against the threats of rigidity stemming from DM.

This study examines how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Uganda navigated the dual health crises of Ebola and COVID-19, focusing on the crisis management strategies and resilience-building mechanisms employed to sustain operations and deliver essential health services. The research seeks to understand how organizational structures, leadership approaches, and community engagement contributed to adaptive capacity in the face of severe public health disruptions. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 30 program managers and emergency response coordinators from leading NGOs, including BRAC, AMREF, and the Uganda Red Cross. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, guided by a resilience and crisis management framework, to identify patterns and strategies relevant to health emergency contexts. The analysis revealed five core strategies underpinning resilience: (1) preparedness and early warning systems that enabled rapid mobilization and proactive risk mapping, (2) adaptive leadership and decentralized decision-making that ensured timely, context-specific responses, (3) resource mobilization and partnership networks that leveraged local and international collaborations for operational continuity, (4) staff well-being and psychosocial support mechanisms that maintained workforce motivation and safety, and (5) organizational learning and post-crisis adaptation, where lessons from previous outbreaks strengthened agility and coordination with government and international health agencies. The findings provide actionable insights for NGOs, policymakers, and global health actors on integrating resilience principles into health crisis management. Strengthening local partnerships, embedding flexible operational structures, and investing in staff well-being are critical to maintaining service continuity in resource-limited settings during public health emergencies. This study is among the first to provide a comparative qualitative analysis of NGO crisis management practices across two major infectious disease outbreaks in Uganda. By integrating perspectives from frontline managers and coordinators, it offers context-specific lessons on resilience that bridge humanitarian action and health systems strengthening in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The sixth generation (6G) of wireless networks introduces unprecedented challenges in resource optimization, virtualization, quality of service (QoS), and sustainability. This paper presents a comparative analysis of four workflows: (1) resource optimization, (2) resource allocation in AirBase virtualizers, (3) QoS enhancement in cloud storage using digital twin computing, and (4) constraint-based channel allocation in green cloud networks. Each workflow is examined against state-of-the-art literature, highlighting machine learning (ML), reinforcement learning (RL), and optimization techniques. Results demonstrate that hybrid ML-RL approaches outperform traditional methods in throughput, latency, and energy efficiency, while digital twin computing emerges as a novel paradigm for predictive QoS management. The study concludes with future research directions for sustainable and intelligent 6G systems. The paper provides the mobile resource optimization, network slicing in AirBase virtualizers, QoS enhancement in cloud storage via digital twins, and constraint-based channel allocation in green cloud networks. The review highlights methodologies such as hybrid deep learning (CNN-LSTM), AI-native slicing, federated digital twin deployment, and CVXPY-based optimization. Results indicate that hybrid ML-RL approaches outperform classical methods, while digital twin computing emerges as a novel paradigm for predictive QoS management. Research gaps include scalability, dataset standardization, synchronization overhead, and integration with renewable energy sources. Future directions emphasize federated learning, lightweight twin synchronization, and sustainable energy-aware optimization for intelligent 6G systems.

Abstract This paper examines how behavioural economics mechanisms shape compliance and innovation in business-to-business (B2B) networks. In a case study of Alpha Pharma, a leading pharmaceutical firm adapting to the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CS3D) and EU Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) framework, the study investigates how regulatory pressures interact with inter-organisational collaboration and network interdependencies. The findings show that compliance processes are not driven by linear optimisation but emerge from bounded rationality, heuristics, reciprocity, and trust. By integrating behavioural economics with the network interaction approach, the paper develops new hypotheses on how micro-level decision behaviours aggregate into network-level adaptations that underpin sustainable innovation. The study contributes to behavioural economic and IMP (industrial marketing and purchasing) literature by demonstrating how cognitive biases and social norms influence resource mobilisation and collective decision-making in B2B settings. Practical implications include guidance for managers in addressing biases and fostering trust-based collaboration, and for policymakers in designing compliance mechanisms that account for bounded rationality and heterogeneous supplier capacities.

Biomedical equipment plays a vital role in healthcare quality. However, its availability and functionality largely depend on health system financing mechanisms. This study aims to assess the contribution of public and private health financing in the provision of biomedical equipment to health facilities in the city of Kolwezi. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2025 in 15 public and private health facilities in Kolwezi. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to facility managers and through document analysis of budgets allocated to biomedical equipment from 2020 to 2024. Only 35% of facilities had functional biomedical equipment. Public funding accounted for about 40% of investments, mainly directed toward referral hospitals, while private funding and partnerships represented 60%, mostly supporting primary-level facilities. Public funding was found to be insufficient and irregular, posing a major challenge to sustainable equipment availability. The findings suggest that health system financing in Kolwezi is uneven and inadequate to meet biomedical equipment needs. Alternative resource mobilization strategies and improved budget planning are required to enhance access to and the quality of healthcare services.

Subject of the study. The financial and investment mechanism for ensuring the viability of regional tourism infrastructure under conditions of capital deficit and military transformation of the economy. The aim of the study. Scientific substantiation of the financial and investment mechanism for ensuring the viability of regional tourism infrastructure during the capital deficit and military transformation of the Ukrainian economy. Research methods. The research is based on methods of systemic and comparative analysis, generalization, structural-logical modeling, and synthesis of analytical data on financing sources and regional asymmetry in wartime conditions. Results of the work. The article examines the financial and investment mechanism for ensuring the viability of regional tourism infrastructure in conditions of capital shortage and military transformation of the Ukraine’s economy.It has been substantiated that under conditions of full-scale war, the key factors in the degradation of tourism infrastructure are not only physical destruction and reduction in tourist flows, but primarily systemic financial and economic restrictions caused by a shortage of budget resources, a decline in the income of business entities, and an increase in investment risks. The article has shown the presence of significant regional asymmetry in the impact of military factors on the functioning of demand, the condition of infrastructure facilities, access to finance, and self-financing ability. The research has systematized the main sources of financing for tourism infrastructure in a wartime economy, including state and local budgets, private investments, international financial assistance and income from tourism activities, and also identifies their potential and key limitations. It has been verified that none of the available sources of financing is sufficient to independently ensure the sustainability and functional capacity of tourism infrastructure, which necessitates an integrated approach to the mobilization of financial and investment resources. Based on the generalization of the analysis results, the article has suggested a financial and investment mechanism for ensuring the viability of regional tourism infrastructure, which combines financial and investment resources, tools and mechanisms for implementing development programs within a single adaptive system. It has substantiated that the conditions of the wartime economy affect the sustainability and functional capacity of the tourism infrastructure both directly and indirectly through the elements of the proposed mechanism. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to form regional programs in order to support tourism infrastructure and create financial prerequisites for its post-war restoration.

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were introduced in Kenya in March, 2021. Effective deployment arrangements are crucial to vaccine access. This study aimed to examine the implementation experiences of the COVID-19 deployment process and their influence on access to inform future pandemic responses. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study in two purposively selected counties in Kenya (urban and rural) using in-depth interviews with national-level officials, developmental partners, county and sub-county health managers, and front-line workers (n=26). Data were analyzed using a framework approach in line with the study’s conceptual framework on the process evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine delivery. Results The findings indicate that most deployment activities (regulation, vaccine supply chain, service delivery, and supervision) leveraged existing systems and were integrated with routine processes, increasing efficiency. A mixed approach to service delivery enhanced reach, and the electronic data management system resulted in the timely availability of vaccines and reduced vaccine expiries. However, several challenges remain to be overcome. First, the national stockouts of certain vaccine types hindered uptake due to vaccine preferences or eligibility criteria. Second, financing for some deployment activities was insufficient and was mainly done through supplies and equipment sourced from the national government or through donor support, with limited financial autonomy at county and facility levels. Despite demand-generation efforts involving community health volunteers, leaders, and outreaches, vaccine hesitancy remains a pertinent challenge. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of pandemic preparedness, including addressing public finance management bottlenecks, resource mobilization, and adaptable health systems that can be leveraged for vaccine deployment during a pandemic. We also emphasize the importance of multi-sectoral approaches, including capacity building for local vaccine manufacturing and utilizing electronic data systems to reduce inequities and ensure sustainable, equitable access. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for process evaluations to track program implementation and address challenges.

The integration of Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) control and elimination into national health systems is a strategic imperative, driven by shifting global health priorities and evolving funding landscapes. A webinar hosted by the Global Onchocerciasis Network for Elimination (GONE) taken place on 8 July 2025 synthesizes nine country experiences demonstrating innovative models for embedding NTD interventions within established platforms, ranging from integrating mass drug administration (MDA) into maternal and child health weeks in Rwanda to leveraging national polio vaccination campaigns in Madagascar. These integrated models yielded significant, quantifiable benefits, including enhanced operational efficiency and greater national ownership. Evidence from Rwanda demonstrates the potential for achieving treatment coverage above 90% and 100% geographical coverage. Moreover, integration produced substantial cost savings, with Madagascar's integration of MDA with polio vaccination reducing expenses by up to 89%. However, implementation is not without challenges. Common obstacles include increased workloads for health workers, gaps in health information systems, which often lack specific indicators for tracking MDA activities, and the persistent need for sustained domestic resource mobilization. Despite these hurdles, the webinar concludes that strategic, well-planned integration is a vital pathway for amplifying the impact of NTD programs. This approach not only strengthens the resilience of national health systems but also contributes meaningfully to the advancement of universal health coverage for all.

ABSTRACT Social media is a central arena for political engagement among youth in Lebanon’s crisis-affected and polarized context. This study distinguishes active social media political engagement from passive news consumption in association with offline political participation among youth. Drawing on the Uses and Gratifications Theory, the Spiral of Silence Theory, and Resource Mobilization Theory, this study analyzes data collected from 450 Lebanese young adults aged 18–34. The findings divulge that social media influencers significantly enhance political advocacy but do not directly translate into real-life political participation. Social media news use is positively related to online political communication; however, it does not significantly influence offline political engagement. In contrast, social media activism and online political communication are significantly associated with real-life political participation, implying that active and expressive forms of online engagement are more likely to mobilize offline political action than passive news consumption. By distinguishing between different modes of social media engagement, this study contributes to ongoing debates on the online–offline participation nexus and challenges assumptions about the mobilizing power of social media news exposure. The findings bestow theoretical and practical insights for understanding youth political engagement in fragile democratic and crisis-driven contexts such as Lebanon.

ABSTRACT Community schools in Nepal, particularly in remote areas, face persistent challenges in managing human, financial, and physical resources, which hinder educational quality and equity. Through a multiple case study design guided by Ecological Systems Theory, this research conducted semi-structured interviews with six headteachers from diverse geographical contexts, revealing critical issues including teacher shortages, financial instability, and inadequate infrastructure. Despite these barriers, headteachers demonstrate remarkable resilience through community engagement, strategic resource mobilization, and adaptive leadership strategies that paradoxically become more sophisticated under severe constraints. Positioning Nepal as a critical case for understanding educational leadership in resource-constrained environments globally, the study advances ecological theory and offers transferable insights for the Global South, highlighting needs for sustainable funding, targeted teacher deployment, and inclusive infrastructure development.

Organizations increasingly operate under heightened uncertainty driven by environmental turbulence, recurring crises, and market–technology disruptions that challenge not only survival but also sustained adaptation and transformation. This article aims to develop a conceptual synthesis explaining how strategic agility functions as a driver of long-term organizational resilience and to propose an integrative model that can guide future empirical testing. The study adopts a qualitative, systematic literature review (SLR) approach, drawing on reputable peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly sources addressing agility, resilience, and dynamic capabilities. Data were analyzed through thematic coding and conceptual mapping to extract core definitions, key dimensions, causal mechanisms, and boundary conditions shaping the agility–resilience relationship. The synthesis identifies four recurring agility dimensions—strategic sensing, fast decision-making and resource fluidity, strategic reconfiguration, and stakeholder agility—linking them to long-term resilience through mechanisms such as early warning and risk mitigation, rapid resource reallocation for operational continuity, continuous learning and capability renewal, and business model renewal. The relationship is stronger under high turbulence, mature digital and analytics capabilities, psychologically safe and collaborative cultures, balanced structural design (centralization–decentralization), and industry/regulatory contingencies. The article contributes an integrative framework and research propositions clarifying mechanisms and contextual effectiveness, while offering managerial implications for designing sensing routines, decision governance, resource mobility, learning systems, and renewal agendas.

Effective leadership is widely recognized as a critical factor in the success of School-Based Management (SBM), particularly in decentralized education systems where school heads are tasked with decision-making, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement. Despite extensive research on SBM implementation, most studies have focused on well-resourced and urban contexts, leaving limited understanding of how leadership strategies function in geographically isolated, resource-constrained elementary schools. Addressing this gap, the present study investigated the leadership strategies, challenges, and level of effectiveness in implementing SBM among elementary schools in the Viga East and West Districts, Philippines. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 143 respondents, including school heads and teachers, through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Leadership strategies examined included participative decision-making, instructional leadership, resource mobilization, and vision-setting, while challenges were assessed across limited stakeholder engagement, inadequate training and capacity building, insufficient resources, and resistance to change. SBM effectiveness was evaluated in terms of improved learning outcomes, transparency and accountability, stakeholder involvement, and program sustainability. Findings revealed highly observed leadership strategies, moderate challenges, and high SBM effectiveness. Correlation analyses indicated that leadership strategies strongly influenced SBM outcomes, while effective management of challenges further enhanced program implementation. These results underscore the importance of adaptive, context-responsive leadership in resource-constrained rural schools and provide actionable recommendations for policy and practice to strengthen decentralized governance and educational outcomes.

Throughout the 1980s, the mission of the recently formed Animal Liberation Queensland (now known as AnimalKIND) led the group to interact regularly with the animal agriculture industries. The relationship between the animal rights organisation and animal agriculture groups was fraught with tension due to the incompatibilities of their goals. This article explores the ways in which Animal Liberation Queensland navigated the context of 1980s Queensland and their relationship with the animal agriculture industries with a focus on their campaign against caged egg production. This article investigates framing, resource mobilisation theory, and the shifting conceptualisation of animal rights throughout the 1980s and 1990s to contextualise the strategies and motivations of Animal Liberation Queensland in their early years of operation.

In conflict-affected settings such as South Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR), fragile health systems face immense challenges in maintaining service delivery including essential health service access. Community engagement is a critical enabler across the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) cycle—preparedness, response, recovery, and resilience—by fostering trust, inclusivity, and local ownership. This qualitative study draws on data from the Advanced Partnership in Health (APiH) program (2019–2023), implemented by the Red Cross in CAR and South Sudan. Data were collected through 15 key informant interviews and 16 focus group discussions with community members, health workers, and program implementers. Framework analysis was used to explore the role of community engagement across each DRM phase. Community engagement was integral across all DRM phases—preparedness, response, recovery, and resilience. It enabled trust-building, inclusive participation, support for community health services, and local resource mobilization, contributing to more effective and sustainable health interventions in conflict settings. Community engagement is essential for sustaining healthcare delivery in conflict settings. Humanitarian health programs should institutionalize community engagement throughout the DRM cycle. Policies must prioritize inclusive planning, support for community health workers, and investment in local infrastructure to build resilient, community-driven health systems.

Fostering agricultural green entrepreneurship (AGE) is essential for achieving inclusive rural development and environmental sustainability, particularly in regions facing severe resource constraints such as Pakistan. While resource bricolage theory has been widely applied in industrial and urban entrepreneurship research, its micro-level role in shaping agricultural green entrepreneurship among returnee migrants in developing countries remains largely unexplored. This study examines how resource bricolage the creative mobilization and recombination of available but limited resources affects AGE outcomes among returnee rural migrants in the Balochistan and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Using survey data collected in 2023 from 480 returnee agricultural entrepreneurs, we apply multiple linear regression and mediation analysis to evaluate the effects of four types of bricolage: skill, customer, institutional, and network. The findings show that skill bricolage has the strongest impact on AGE, followed by customer, institutional, and network bricolage. Mechanism tests reveal that bricolage enhances AGE by expanding sales channels and broadening business scope. Subgroup analysis indicates stronger effects among market-oriented entrepreneurs, returning migrant workers, and younger or less-experienced returnees. These results highlight the importance of fostering adaptive capacity and resource integration strategies among returnees to promote inclusive and sustainable green entrepreneurship.

Social enterprises (SEs) engage in business activities to address social issues and fulfill social missions. Existing literature has mainly focused on a resource-oriented perspective, assuming that SEs either have or do not have resources. Therefore, we know very little about SEs in non-munificent institutional environments. Drawing on resource dependence theory and the bricolage framework, this study analyzes how SEs in China strategically select organizational structures to navigate legitimacy and resource challenges. Findings reveal that nonprofit SEs often employ social bricolage to enhance community engagement and visibility, while certified SEs leverage diverse partnerships for resource acquisition. In contrast, for-profit SEs face unique challenges in building organizational legitimacy but can access private sector resources through their business-oriented status. This research underscores the importance of tailoring strategies to maximize legitimacy and resource mobilization in the pursuit of social impact.

ABSTRACT This research examines how digital innovation, including digital product and process innovation, influences investment inefficiencies of firms in emerging markets. Based on publicly listed firms in China from 2004 to 2023, we find that digital innovation significantly reduces firms’ investment inefficiencies. This effect is particularly pronounced in firms with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-trained board members and those in highly integrated markets. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that the benefits of digital innovation are more substantial in smaller and non-high-tech firms. Digital innovation improves managerial expectations, risk tolerance, and resource mobilization, thereby reducing investment inefficiency. This research highlights digital innovation’s vital role in improving corporate governance and resource allocation, ultimately fostering more efficient corporate investments.

ABSTRACT This article examines the evolution of pro-Palestinian activism in the United States, focusing on its maturation from campus-based mobilisation into an influential force within electoral politics. Drawing on social movement theory, specifically Resource Mobilisation, Framing, and Political Opportunity Structures, the study traces how organisational infrastructures, narrative strategies, and tactical repertoires converged in the 2024 “Uncommitted” vote campaign during the Democratic presidential primaries. The analysis integrates historical documentation, court records, and a unique corpus of internal activist training materials, toolkits, and organising manuals not previously analysed in academic literature. These sources illuminate how pro-Palestinian campus organisations operationalise theory into practice through disciplined messaging, coalition building, digital mobilisation, and targeted political pressure. The article argues that what often appears as spontaneous grassroots protest is the product of sustained institution building and cumulative strategic learning. The Uncommitted campaign serves as a case study demonstrating how campus-originated activism translated moral protest into electoral leverage, mobilising hundreds of thousands of voters and securing delegate representation at the Democratic National Convention. While the campaign did not produce an immediate transformation of U.S. foreign policy, it elevated Palestinian human rights within mainstream Democratic discourse. The article contends that pro-Palestinian activism uses mechanisms as instruments of dissent.

Purpose This study aims to develop a shared theoretical foundation for a harmonized taxonomy of transversal competences between technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and the labour market. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review was conducted to examine the literature published on competences in education and employment. Twenty-nine documents, including scientific articles and governmental reports, were systematically analyzed. The process was supported by consultations with an expert committee to ensure relevance and applicability. Findings The review led to a common operational definition of competence as the integrated mobilization of personal and environmental resources to achieve effective and context-appropriate action. Competence is characterized as observable, reproducible, developmental and situated within specific environments. Building on this definition, taxonomy of transversal competences was synthesized, structured into three categories: intrapersonal competences (cognitive, communication, information and technology-related and self-management), interpersonal competences (affective, behavioural and self and others’ development) and organizational and societal competences (organizational, societal and sustainability-related). This taxonomy offers a coherent framework to strengthen employability, adaptability and lifelong learning while promoting diversity, equity, inclusion and sustainable practices in TVET and the labour market. Practical implications The taxonomy equips educators and employers with a flexible tool to design inclusive training programs, support diverse learners and anticipate future workforce needs. Originality/value This study responds to the growing need for a shared language between training and employment, offering both theoretical clarity and practical guidance for curriculum design, assessment and policy development.

To explore the role of community organisations in providing social support and facilitating self-management for individuals with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia. A phenomenological study approach was employed, utilising in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a purposive sample of 25 participants. This included members of neighbourhoods and leaders of local community organisations (known locally as Idir, Equb, Tsewa, or Mahiber), as well as members of the diabetes association. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. A total of 25 individuals participated in the study, including (n = 8) members of community organisations, (n = 7) community organisation leaders, (n = 5) religious leaders, (n = 3) women's association leaders, (n = 1) church-based fundraiser, and (n = 1) diabetes association representative. Three major themes were identified regarding the role of community organisations in providing social support and facilitating self-management: 1. Community cultural perceptions and diabetes awareness. 2. Community support and social networks in managing diabetes. 3. Collaboration and strategies to overcome systemic challenges in diabetes management within the community. A holistic and collaborative approach among community organisations helps support individuals with diabetes by providing essential resources. These include organising transportation to medical appointments, mobilising financial resources for treatments, and offering emotional and spiritual support, all of which enhance diabetes management. Despite these positive contributions, structural and cultural barriers persist. Religious views on diabetes influence support from faith-based institutions, with some leaders rejecting biomedicine in favour of faith-based healing. Community organisations play a crucial role in providing social support and facilitating self-management for individuals with diabetes in Ethiopia. They help overcome obstacles, mobilise resources, and fill gaps in formal healthcare by promoting healthier lifestyles. However, the effectiveness of community organisations is hampered by a lack of knowledge and awareness of effective diabetes management.