Recent advances in human mobility research have revealed consistent pairwise characteristics in movement behaviour, yet existing mobility models often overlook the spatial and topological structure of mobility networks. By analysing millions of devices' anonymized cell phone trajectories, we show that human mobility networks exhibit a pronounced polycentric and modular structure, in which movements within spatial modules differ fundamentally from movements between modules. This finding challenges the common assumption of uniform mobility dynamics across spatial scales. Inspired by switching behaviours in animal movement patterns, we introduce a 'switch mechanism' to distinguish intra-module and inter-module exploration modes. Incorporating this mechanism into a generative mobility model allows us to simultaneously reproduce individual-level mobility statistics and emergent network-level structures, including high modularity, long topological distances and frequent long-range travel. Our results provide a unified mechanistic explanation for the emergence of polycentric human mobility patterns and highlight the importance of scale-dependent movement dynamics, with implications for urban planning, transportation modelling and epidemic forecasting.

Antimony(III) (Sb(III)) contamination in aqueous environments is an increasingly important concern, but its atomic-level hydration structure and complexation mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, first principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations were applied to investigate the solvation structure, acidity, and cation complexation behavior of Sb(III) in aqueous solution. Our results reveal that aqueous antimonite primarily occurs as Sb(OH)3(H2O), adopting a 4-fold coordination, with a computed pKa of about 10.2. Sb(III) is found to form stable inner-sphere complexes with common environmental cations, following an ionic-potential-dependent stability trend: Na+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Al3+. Despite the neutral character of Sb(OH)3(H2O), its complexation stability is comparable to or even exceeds that of the anionic Sb(OH)6- (Sb(V)). Furthermore, cation complexation largely increased the acidity of the directly complexed hydroxyl groups of Sb(III), decreasing the pKa to 7.9 and 6.2 upon complexation with Mg2+ and Al3+, respectively. This pKa reduction suggests that Sb(III) deprotonation may occur in Mg2+/Al3+-rich environments under circumneutral pH conditions. These molecular-level findings provide insights into Sb(III) speciation and thermodynamic stability in aqueous systems, which may serve as a basis for future modeling of antimony mobility and geochemical cycling in natural environments.

Black women in the Southeastern United States face disproportionate HIV risk yet have low pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) utilization. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of I'm Fully Empowered (IFE4Her), a community-based intervention combining peer-led culturally-tailored messaging with mobile medical unit (MMU) services alongside complementary health screenings to enhance PrEP awareness and access among cis-gender women in four low-income communities. Over eight months of weekly half-day sessions, 78 women approached the MMU, 31 underwent services, 24 (77%) underwent a PrEP consultation, and 8 (33%) expressed interest in initiating. Field-based logistical challenges (blood draw difficulties, equipment malfunctions, and transportation to off-site laboratories) prevented PrEP initiation but highlighted modifiable implementation gaps. Satisfaction was high, with 80-85% reporting positive experiences with convenience, scheduling, and consultation quality. Over 95% utilized additional health screenings. Mobile, community-based PrEP access appears feasible and acceptable, supporting optimized mobile models to expand PrEP access for underserved women.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05644834.

To realize underwater environment applications of conductive hydrogels, comprehensive performance metrics including mechanical properties, adhesive capability, high-sensitivity sensing, and durability must be considered. Herein, we developed a composite hydrogel (Gelatin/PAA/PDA@Ag/HTAB) through facile thermal polymerization, incorporating hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic forces, and cation-π multivalent interactions. The hydrogel exhibited excellent multifunctional characteristics, including low tensile and compressive moduli (0.12-0.24 kPa), remarkable fracture elongation (1605.57%), and good self-healing efficiency (90%). Using molecular dynamics simulations, we pioneered the simulation of the adhesion behavior between the hydrogel and various substrates in air and underwater environments. Combined with experimental results, this collectively demonstrated that the hydrogel exhibited robust adhesion to diverse substrates. Notably, the Gelatin/PAA/PDA@Ag/HTAB7.5 hydrogel sensor demonstrated good sensitivity in detecting underwater human motions and enabled rapid underwater signal transmission through leveraging of mobile phone T9 input methodology and CNN model. These advancements suggested that the designed hydrogel could be used as a promising candidate for next-generation underwater wearable sensors, offering broad application prospects in diverse underwater monitoring systems.

A peer-delivered mobile model to enhance access to hepatitis C point-of-care testing and treatment: The Peers on Wheels study.

Healthcare access is essential for fostering resilient communities and improving health outcomes. Limited access to healthcare services can negatively affect healthcare utilization and exacerbate existing health disparities. Traditionally, healthcare access has been conceptualized in terms of potential access, often measured by the distance to the nearest facility. However, this perspective overlooks the behavioral dimension of access, which captures how people actually utilize existing facilities. To address this research gap, this paper examines realized access to advance our understanding of healthcare access by integrating both spatial and social dimensions into human mobility modeling. Specifically, we develop a mobility behavioral model based on discrete choice theory to uncover people's decision-making process in healthcare access. Model parameters are then estimated using maximum likelihood method. We further conduct a case study to examine human mobility patterns in pharmacy access in Los Angeles County, California. Our results highlight that both spatial proximity and social similarity are critical determinants in modeling people's access behaviors. Particularly, social similarity indicates that people are more likely to access pharmacies located in communities with sociodemographic characteristics similar to their own. Our mobility model also achieves higher predictive accuracy than the random forest model. Overall, this paper offers insights to support decision-making in healthcare access planning, emphasizing that services should be both geographically proximate and socially accessible to the communities theyserve.

Accurate modeling of human mobility is critical for tackling urban planning and public health challenges. In undeveloped regions, the absence of comprehensive travel surveys necessitates reconstructing mobility networks from publicly available data. Here we develop neuroGravity, a physics-informed deep learning model that reliably reconstructs mobility flows from limited observations and transfers to unobserved cities. Using only urban facility and population distributions, we find that neuroGravity's regional representations strongly correlate with socioeconomic and livability status, offering scalable proxies for costly surveys. Furthermore, we uncover that spatial income segregation has a key role in model transferability: mobility networks are most reliably reconstructed when target cities share similar segregation levels with the source. We design an index to quantify this segregation and accurately predict transferability. Finally, we generate mobility flow proxies for over 1,200 cities worldwide, highlighting neuroGravity's potential to mitigate critical data shortages in resource-limited, underdeveloped areas.

Iron oxide–rich laterites, soils, and regolith formed from the weathering of ultramafic rocks represent untapped unconventional resources for the critical minerals platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd), but the fundamental surficial geochemistry of these elements remains poorly understood. Depletion of Pd relative to Pt occurs in some weathering zones in semi-arid climates. The accepted model attributes this Pt–Pd chemical fractionation to preferential complexation of Pd by dissolved chloride (Cl). However, similar fractionation is not observed in laterites of humid equatorial regions despite substantial wet deposition of Cl. The established mechanistic model for Pt and Pd behavior during weathering thus inaccurately predicts the distribution of these critical minerals in many settings, hindering global resource assessment. We show through mineral-fluid partitioning experiments coupled to element-specific spectroscopy that this canonical explanation for Pt–Pd fractionation is invalid: Cl complexation does not differentially mobilize Pd versus Pt. Instead, mineral-specific interfacial reactions control Pd and Pt accumulation. Modeling of Pt–Pd fractionation in representative weathering zone profiles demonstrates subequal retention in goethite-rich settings and Pd depletion in hematite-rich zones, accurately predicting trends observed in soils and laterites. Iron oxide mineralogy, reflecting modern and past regional climate conditions, is likely the primary determinant of Pt and Pd endowment in weathering zone resources. This new model for Pt and Pd mobilization and accumulation behavior provides a mechanistic foundation for exploration and recovery of Pt group elements from ultramafic regolith deposits.

DMSRP-Module is a software module developed for the NS-3 network simulator that implements the Dynamic Multi-Sink Routing Protocol (DMSRP), a hierarchical, auto-clustering, and multi-hop routing protocol for distributed mobile wireless networks. It targets dynamic and heterogeneous scenarios such as mobile ad hoc networks, vehicular ad hoc systems, wireless sensor networks, and large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. The module supports multi-parent routing, adaptive clustering around sink nodes, and coordinated inter-cluster communication through sink and server entities to maintain routing stability and optimize data dissemination efficiency. Its modular and extensible architecture allows researchers to configure, extend, and evaluate hierarchical routing strategies under realistic simulation conditions. The module integrates customizable parameters for mobility models, node density, and energy constraints, enabling comprehensive performance analysis. Designed in accordance with NS-3’s object-oriented framework, DMSRP-Module ensures compatibility with existing protocol stacks, link-layer models, and traffic generators. By seamlessly integrating into the NS-3 simulation environment, it facilitates reproducible experimentation, comparative benchmarking, and efficient development of routing protocols.

AMCD: A multi-domain agricultural crop and flower image dataset for deep learning-based classification.

Urban pedestrian movement is inherently uncertain, shaped by built form, microclimate, and time-varying crowding. This study develop a quantum-inspired probabilistic framework that models pedestrian presence as a spatial probability field derived from a composite potential integrating static structure (connectivity, crossings, barriers, visibility, points of interest) and dynamic drivers (crowd density, shade/thermal exposure). Applying the method to University Junction, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, the study discretizes the domain to 5 m cells and 15-minute time bins, estimate factor weights via variational minimization, and solve an eigen-problem to obtain probability maps. The model reproduces diurnal reconfiguration of flows, concentrating midday probabilities in shaded, connected corridors and reducing presence on exposed verges. Link-level validation shows strong agreement with observed shares (Pearson’s r ≈ 0.77 evening; ≈ 0.71–0.77 across periods) and realistic spatial autocorrelation. Scenario tests (temporary barriers, event footprints) re-equilibrate the probability field without retraining, revealing predictable re-routing to substitute corridors. Compared with a Boltzmann-type classical model and a space-syntax predictor, the proposed approach achieves higher fit and better spatial realism by explicitly encoding climate comfort and crowding. The framework yields policy-ready maps that support shade investment, crossing consolidation, and operational crowd management, providing an interpretable and transferable tool for assessing, managing, and allocating pedestrian space under uncertainty.

ABSTRACT This article examines the recruitment strategies employed by the British colonial administration to mobilise the Orthodox Greek and Muslim Turkish Cypriot communities for the Macedonian Mule Corps during the First World War. While colonial mobilisation is often associated with imperial patriotism or direct coercion, this study argues that Britain employed a multifaceted, pragmatic consent mechanism in Cyprus to navigate the island’s fragile socio-political landscape. Following the island's annexation in 1914, the British administration had to suppress standard imperial narratives to avoid antagonising a population that had been Ottoman subjects until a few years earlier. Drawing on Antonio Gramsci’s framework of ‘hegemony’, the article reveals how Britain shifted from ideological persuasion to an economic mobilisation model.

Human mobility, enabled by diverse transportation modes, is fundamental to urban functionality. Studying these movements across scales-from microscopic to macroscopic-yields valuable insights into urban dynamics. Local adaptation and (self-)organization in such systems are expected to result in dynamical behaviors that are represented by stationary trajectories of an appropriate effective action. In this study we develop a Lagrangian dynamical model for movement processes, using local population functions as the coordinate variables. An efficient gradient descent algorithm is introduced to estimate the optimal Lagrangian parameters minimizing a local error function of the dynamical process. We show that even a quadratic Lagrangian, incorporating dissipation, effectively captures the dynamics of synthetic and empirical movement data. The inferred models reveal that inertia and dissipation are of comparable importance, while interactions and randomness in the movements induce significant qualitative changes in model parameters. Our results provide an interpretable and generative model for human mobility, with potential applications in movement prediction.

A hybrid big-data framework for tourist and high-speed rail mobility modelling

C no more: a prospective single-arm study to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse and peer-led mobile model of hepatitis C testing and treatment at community corrections offices

Bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se),a two-dimensional(2D) semiconductor, is a promising postsilicon channel material forfield-effect transistors (FETs) at sub-3 nm technology nodes. It offershigh intrinsic mobility and a stable, lattice-matched interface withits native oxide, Bi2SeO5. Reported mobilitiesare high, reaching 4.7 × 105 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 2 K and 812 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 300 K in three-dimensional(3D)-FETs, and 2.0 × 104 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 2 K and 313 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 300 K in 2D-FETs. However, the dominantscattering mechanisms that limit this mobility remain unclear. Wedevelop a unified mobility model that incorporates ionized impurity,surface roughness, longitudinal optical phonon, electron–electron,and acoustic deformation potential scattering. The model quantitativelyreproduces experimental data from the bulk material to the monolayerlimit. We found that in ultrathin channels, surface roughness scatteringis strongly reduced, while acoustic phonon deformation potential scatteringbecomes the dominant limiting mechanism. These insights establisha mechanistic understanding of charge transport in Bi2O2Se and provide crucial guidelines for device design at sub-1nm nodes.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) enables genotype-guided prescribing to improve medication safety and efficacy, yet its clinical adoption remains uneven and concentrated in well-resourced academic centers. Rural and underserved populations, which experience a disproportionate burden of adverse drug reactions and limited access to specialist care, have been largely excluded from these advances. This review employs a structured narrative synthesis to examine current evidence on PGx implementation and to identify structural barriers limiting uptake across heterogeneous healthcare settings, including workforce limitations, infrastructure variability, geographic access constraints, patient engagement challenges, and inconsistent reimbursement. Existing implementation models are typically designed for specific institutional contexts and often assume a uniform level of infrastructure, restricting their scalability and applicability across diverse settings. To address this gap, we propose a novel infrastructure-adaptive framework that explicitly aligns PGx delivery strategies with institutional capacity. The framework comprises three tiers: (1) centralized testing with telepharmacist support for low-resource settings, (2) point-of-care testing integrated with clinical decision support for moderate-resource systems, and (3) mobile outreach models for communities without fixed healthcare access. By matching implementation strategies to system capacity, this approach offers a scalable and context-sensitive pathway for integrating pharmacogenomics into routine care and advancing equity in precision medicine.

Pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) with perovskite barium titanate (BTO) as a high-k gate dielectric have been fabricated on n-type silicon substrates (as gate electrode) at four different carrier concentrations of about 1015, 1017, 1019, and 1020 cm−3. The channel-carrier mobility of the TFT increases with increasing gate carrier concentration at both room temperature and a high temperature of 80 °C. With the help of a theoretical mobility model, this work shows that (i) the optical phonons in the high-k perovskite BTO can scatter holes in the neighboring pentacene channel (namely remote phonon scattering) to reduce their mobility; (ii) like the optical phonons in conventional high-k hafnium-based oxides, those in the high-k perovskite BTO can also be electrically coupled with plasmons (generated by carrier oscillation about dopant ions) in the gate electrode to suppress gate-dielectric vibration and thus remote phonon scattering, resulting in a carrier-mobility increase in the TFT channel, known as the gate screening effect. Higher gate-electrode carrier concentration produces higher-energy plasmons, while higher gate-electrode carrier mobility leads to weaker plasmon damping, both contributing to stronger plasmon coupling with the gate-dielectric phonons to enhance the gate screening effect in TFTs.

Background: The Tanzanian informal economy, driven by "Wamachinga" (street vendors), constitutes over 60% of the urban workforce yet remains digitally invisible to formal financial systems. As Tanzania pursues the strategic milestones of the Tanzania Development Vision 2050 (Dira 2050), traditional financing models—including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Official Development Assistance (ODA)—are proving insufficient for domestic resource mobilization. Objective: This research introduces the "Wamachinga Protocol," a decentralized socio-technical framework designed to bridge the gap between informal micro-transactions and formal capital markets. The protocol aims to transition vendors from "digital invisibility" to "investment readiness." Methodology: Utilizing a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach, the study evolved through three iterative phases: (1) capturing peer-to-peer "Undugu" trust logic via smartphone interfaces, (2) prototyping Blockchain-based Decentralized Identity (DID) for immutable record-keeping, and (3) deploying AI-driven heuristic scoring to assess risk in low-bandwidth (USSD) environments. Results: The findings demonstrate that street-level transaction velocity can be mathematically converted into "Trust Capital" using the heuristic equation $TS = \alpha(V) + \beta(P) + \gamma(C) - \delta(D)$. This Trust Capital enables vendors to bypass traditional collateral requirements, facilitating direct access to sovereign investment vehicles such as UTT AMIS and Treasury Bonds. Conclusion: The Wamachinga Protocol provides a scalable model for domestic resource mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa. It suggests that by digitizing communal trust into verifiable credentials, emerging economies can achieve financial sovereignty and meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) without total reliance on external debt.

ABSTRACT Understanding past practices of plant resource gathering is central to the interpretation of human–environment interactions in archaeological contexts. This study examines the selection and use of wild plant resources – particularly woody taxa – by past societies that inhabited central Argentina, focusing on the Austral Pampean Hills. The analysis is based on a comprehensive review of archaeological and archaeobotanical research conducted over recent decades. Although archaeobotany in the region has developed well-established research lines, such as anthracology, microremain studies, and carpology, significant gaps persist in our understanding of gathering and selection practices across both hunter-gatherer and more sedentary societies, particularly during the Early and Middle Holocene. Ethnobotanical and ethnoarchaeological evidence from the Chaco forest phytogeographic region is integrated to highlight the diversity of uses and meanings attributed to woody species, demonstrating that individual taxa may fulfil multiple social, economic, and symbolic roles. This perspective provides a framework for developing new research questions, especially when considered alongside taphonomic processes and preservation biases in different archaeological contexts. Additionally, we examine the structural and floristic variability of Chaco forest vegetation associated with archaeological sites as an initial approach to reconstructing past plant communities and forested landscapes. While acknowledging the need for further paleoenvironmental research, this study offers a baseline for future regional-scale models of human occupation, mobility, and plant resource selection that explicitly incorporate vegetation dynamics.