Mobile Reader Research Articles

An Efficient and Secure Method for Simultaneous Ownership Transfer of Multiple Mobile Readers

In recent years, radio frequency identification technology has developed rapidly and has been applied in supply chains. Products in supply chains are varied and may belong to several different owners. Ownership transfer requires the consent of a majority of owners. This article proposed a method suitable for simultaneously transferring the ownership of a large number of goods. The method does not require a trusted third party and can securely and efficiently transfer group ownership for multiple owners with multiple tags. The old and new owner groups can be classified as different authorities. This method can be used in mobile readers to transfer one, some, or all tags in a group. It includes mutual authentication between tags, readers, and backend servers, and can ensure that only assigned owners can obtain the tag ownership. The method proved can resist most known attacks, such as secret disclosure attacks and replay attacks. It can also prevent attacks from the dishonest original owners. Finally, through experiments, we compared the proposed method with other many-to-many ownership transfer methods and demonstrated that the proposed method has better security and fewer transmitted messages than other methods.

A High-Precision 3D Target Perception Algorithm Based on a Mobile RFID Reader and Double Tags

With the popularization of positioning technology, more and more industries have begun to pay attention to the application and demand of location information, and almost all industries can benefit from low-cost and high-precision location information. This paper introduces a novel three-dimensional (3D) low-cost, high-precision target perception algorithm that utilizes a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) mobile reader and double tags. Initially, the Received Signal Strength (RSS) is employed to estimate the approximate position of the target along the length direction of the shelf. Additionally, double tags are affixed to the target, enabling the perception of its approximate height and depth through phase information measurements. Subsequently, the obtained rough position serves as an initial value for calibration using the proposed algorithm, allowing for the refinement of the target’s length information relative to the shelf. Simulation results demonstrate the exceptional accuracy of the proposed method in perceiving the 3D position information of the target, achieving centimeter-level sensing accuracy.

Deep Learning-Enabled Multiplexed Point-of-Care Sensor using a Paper-Based Fluorescence Vertical Flow Assay.

Multiplexed computational sensing with a point-of-care serodiagnosis assay to simultaneously quantify three biomarkers of acute cardiac injury is demonstrated. This point-of-care sensor includes a paper-based fluorescence vertical flow assay (fxVFA) processed by a low-cost mobile reader, which quantifies the target biomarkers through trained neural networks, all within <15min of test time using 50µL of serum sample per patient. This fxVFA platform is validated using human serum samples to quantify three cardiac biomarkers, i.e., myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein, achieving less than 0.52ng mL-1 limit-of-detection for all three biomarkers with minimal cross-reactivity. Biomarker concentration quantification using the fxVFA that is coupled to neural network-based inference is blindly tested using 46 individually activated cartridges, which shows a high correlation with the ground truth concentrations for all three biomarkers achieving >0.9 linearity and <15% coefficient of variation. The competitive performance of this multiplexed computational fxVFA along with its inexpensive paper-based design and handheld footprint makes it a promising point-of-care sensor platform that can expand access to diagnostics in resource-limited settings.

Indoor Localization of Drones: Comparing range- based Techniques for Mobile Aerial Inventory

Mobile Aerial Inventory has been revolutionized by the onset of advances in RFID, computational, and sensing technologies. Warehouse today are operated on dedicated management systems that include Wireless Network Systems. Drones can function as mobile reader devices tracking inventory by localizing commercial off the shelf RFID tags. This paper concentrates on the working mechanisms of range-based methods that are specifically striving to improve accuracy of localization of RFID tags using mobile readers (drones).

Research on Influencing Factors of Adoption Behavior of Mobile Readers Based on Meta-Analysis

Many scholars have conducted extensive research on the adoption behavior of mobile readers, and there are obvious differences in the degree and direction of conclusions drawn from different individual studies. In this study, a meta-analysis method was used to comprehensively analyze a total of 74,964 independent samples of 31 relevant empirical research documents at home and abroad. The results show that the main influencing factors of mobile reading are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived mobility, perceived entertainment, social influence, cognitive adjustment, perceived value, usage attitude, interface design, etc. Cognitive adjustment and usage attitude have the greatest impact on intention to use, followed by perceived usefulness, perceived mobility, subjective norms, perceived ease of use; perceived ease of use has a significant positive impact on perceived usefulness; interface design has a significant positive effect on perceived ease of use; behavioral intention has a significant positive effect on actual behavior; and perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant positive effect on usage attitude.

Influencing Factors of Intention to Use Mobile Devices for Reading

This research studied the continuous use intention of mobile reading users. The current study used the stimulus-organism-response model as a basis to build a causal model of mobile readers' continuous intention to use it. A questionnaire survey was conducted involving 327 users to obtain the current research data. Structural equation modeling was used to empirically test the relationship amongst variables in the conceptual model. Results are as follows. Perceived pleasure, perceived service, immersion, and perceived sociality had a significant positive effect on intention for continuous use. Particularly, perceived pleasure had a significant positive effect on immersion and perceived service. Perceived usefulness and perceptual interest had significant positive effects on perceived pleasure. Perceived sociality had a regulating effect on the relationship between perceived pleasure and intention for continuous use. Lastly, perceived sociality had a regulating effect on the relationship between immersion and intention for continuous use.

Development, fabrication and evaluation of passive interface gloves

Previously, glove-integrated communication based on gestures, hand movement and finger touch had a complex operating system and an active power source was needed. This paper introduces batteryless and maintenance-free interface gloves. Our solution is based on passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, comprising four electro-textile antenna parts and three RFID microchips (each with a unique ID). The three RFID microchips have unique IDs, which can be activated by the gentle touch of the human finger and used to control the surrounding technology. The aim is to evaluate the reliability of different conductive materials and microchip attachment methods. The antennas are fabricated from two different materials: a stretchable and a non-stretchable commercial electro-textile. Further, two types of microchip attachment methods are used with both antenna materials: a conductive silver epoxy and embroidery with conductive multifilament silver-plated thread. The developed interface gloves are tested by six users in a home and in an office environment, where they achieve 93–100% success rates. Especially those glove interfaces with the antennas fabricated from the non-stretchable electro-textile and the antenna-microchip interconnections embroidered with conductive thread showed good read ranges (80–110 cm). The gloves also show practical functionality, when tested with a mobile reader in practical identification and access control application. These results are very encouraging, especially when considering that the interface glove, being maintenance-free and cost-effective, promises versatile and interesting applications for customizing user-friendly augmentative and alternative communication solutions, easy controlling of ambient assisted-living applications, and providing simple identification and access control for increased safety and comfort.

A Traceable and Verifiable Tobacco Products Logistics System with GPS and RFID Technologies

Tobacco products are an addictive commodity. According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) latest statistics data, tobacco kills more than eight million people each year. In 2003, the WHO proposed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) to provide an effective framework for the control of tobacco products to governments around the world. In the field of tobacco products, the hardest problem is how to prevent counterfeit tobacco products and smuggling. To solve the problems, we proposed a blockchain-based traceable and verifiable logistics system for tobacco products with global positioning system (GPS) and radio-frequency identification (RFID) Technologies. In this research, we provide an overview of system architecture, and also define the protocol and the smart contract in every phase that stores data into the blockchain center. We realized a decentralized database and authentication system that uses blockchain and smart contract technology; every protocol in every phase was designed to achieve the integrity of data and non-repudiation of message. Every tobacco product’s shipping record will be completed by scanning the RFID tag and retrieving the GPS with a mobile reader, where the record will be updated and validated in the blockchain center. In the end, the security and costs of the system were analyzed, and a comparison was made with the EU’s (European Commission) method. Our system is more flexible for transportation, more secure in the communication protocol, and more difficult to tamper and forge data. In general, the proposed scheme solved the problem of tobacco products counterfeiting and tracking issues.

Model of dynamic clustering‐based energy‐efficient data filtering for mobile RFID networks

Data filtering is an essential task for improving the energy efficiency of radio-frequency identification (RFID) networks. Among various energy-efficient approaches, clustering-based data filtering is considered to be the most effective solution because data from cluster members can be filtered at cluster heads before being sent to base stations. However, this approach quickly depletes the energy of cluster heads. Furthermore, most previous studies have assumed that readers are fixed and interrogate mobile tags in a workspace. However, there are several applications in which readers are mobile and interrogate fixed tags in a specific area. This article proposes a model for dynamic clustering-based data filtering (DCDF) in mobile RFID networks, where mobile readers are re-clustered periodically and the cluster head role is rotated among the members of each cluster. Simulation results show that DCDF is effective in terms of balancing energy consumption among readers and prolonging the lifetime of the mobile RFID networks.

How is this horse feeling? New mobile brain wave reader could tell

How is this horse feeling? New mobile brain wave reader could tell

Privacy-Preserving RFID-Based Search System

The employment of mobile readers (or mobile phone collaborated with a Radio frequency identification (RFID) reader) opens a novel application for RFID technology. In particular, an RFID tag search system has been designed to find a particular tag in a group of tags using a mobile reader. Unfortunately, privacy infringement and availability issues in the search system have not been adequately addressed to date. In this paper, we propose a novel RFID tag search protocol that will enhance mobile reader user privacy while being able to operate under conditions of unstable connection to a central server. First, the proposed protocol preserves the privacy of mobile reader users. The privacy of the mobile reader user is at risk because the signal strength emitted from a mobile reader is much stronger than that from the tag, exposing the location of the mobile reader user and thus compromising the user’s privacy. Thus far, such privacy issues have been overlooked. The second issue is presented because of wireless connections that are either unreliable or too remote, causing a mobile reader to disconnect from the central server. The proposed protocol enables serverless RFID tag searches with passive tags, which obtain operating power from the mobile reader. In unstable environments, the protocol can successfully locate specific tags without any server.

A novel protocol of RFID tag identification using a single mobile reader

Classic RFID tag anti-collision protocols mainly aim at the identification of tags in small area. That is, all unidentified tags are located in the reader's read-write region. When there is one or ...

A novel protocol of RFID tag identification using a single mobile reader

A novel protocol of RFID tag identification using a single mobile reader

Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens Using Photonic Point-of-Care Devices.

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are highly contagious and can easily be transmitted via air, water, body fluids, etc. Throughout human civilization, there have been several pandemic outbreaks, such as the Plague, Spanish Flu, Swine-Flu, and, recently, COVID-19, amongst many others. Early diagnosis not only increases the chance of quick recovery but also helps prevent the spread of infections. Conventional diagnostic techniques can provide reliable results but have several drawbacks, including costly devices, lengthy wait time, and requirement of trained professionals to operate the devices, making them inaccessible in low-resource settings. Thus, a significant effort has been directed towards point-of-care (POC) devices that enable rapid diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections. A majority of the POC devices are based on plasmonics and/or microfluidics-based platforms integrated with mobile readers and imaging systems. These techniques have been shown to provide rapid, sensitive detection of pathogens. The advantages of POC devices include low-cost, rapid results, and portability, which enables on-site testing anywhere across the globe. Here we aim to review the recent advances in novel POC technologies in detecting bacteria and viruses that led to a breakthrough in the modern healthcare industry.

RF-SML: A SAR-Based Multi-Granular and Real-Time Localization Method for RFID Tags

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, location based service in context awareness has received increasing attention. As one of the main localization technologies, UHF RFID technology has been widely used in many fields of life and industry due to its advantages. In this article, we introduce a RFID-based system RF-SML, which is a method for quickly and accurately locating static objects via the tag and mobile reader. Specifically, the method utilizes the idea of multi-granularity in order to find the high-probability region of the target position by reconstructing the reflection coefficient of the scene in the coarse-grained localization stage. Subsequently, in the fine-grained localization stage, the grid is traversed in this area to calculate the corresponding evaluation factor to determine the final position result, thereby reducing the time-consuming of localization calculation. At the same time, it uses phase calibration to remove the phase offsets that are caused by the hardware device and the antenna phase center, thereby obtaining higher localization accuracy. We conduct experiments to verify the performance of RF-SML with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID equipment. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently achieve the centimeter-level positioning of objects.

Localization of Static Passive RFID Tags with Mobile Reader in Two Dimensional Tag Matrix

Tag localization in passive UHF RFID has become increasingly important, since the RFID system was introduced. Primarily the localization techniques in RFID are dependent on precise reckoning. Multiple researches have been made to solve the challenge of localization of RFID tags. These finding differs on the basis of cost and reliability. UHF RFID system using passive tags is a suitable option because of low cost, high reliability and global acceptance. In this paper a two-dimensional tag matrix-based localization algorithm is designed localize the passive tags using mobility of RFID reader. The algorithm is based on estimation equations for localization of tag. The data is collected from the scenario by the mobility of reader and location is estimated by the using estimation equations. Results revealed that the proposed design gives the desired result with greater level of accuracy as compared to other localization schemes. And it can be easily applied to various RFID applications.

Tag count based priority scheduling algorithm for mitigating the RFID collisions

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) is a developing technology that employs electromagnetic signals to send the data among reader and tags to identify categorize and track the moveable items. The objective of this paper is to mitigate the reader collision problem by scheduling the readers in RFID system. Mobile readers in the RFID network send the same frequency signal to the air to read the data from the tags. While these two signals interfere each other and Tags are unable to backscatter signal to the reader. This causes a reader collision problem. The Reader collision problem reduces the lifetime of the RFID network and generates redundant data in the RFID Network. Tag Count based Priority Scheduling algorithm is proposed, that enhances the throughput of the readers and mitigates the reader collision problem. In the cluster based RFID network, The Dragonfly algorithm performed the Cluster Head reader election and cluster construction process and then allotting the mobile readers in the cluster. This algorithm improves the energy efficiency and diminishes the reader collision problem, thereby alleviating the tag information loss and expanding the mobile RFID network life time, while compared with Priority Clustering Protocol and the Graph Coloring based TDMA algorithm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Frequency Selective Surface Coded Retroreflectors for Chipless Indoor Localization Tag Landmarks

This letter presents the integration of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with retroreflectors for the realization of chipless wireless indoor localization tag landmarks. As an example, the high radar cross section (RCS) of a trihedral corner reflector is signed with an FSS-based stopband filter, so that the backscattered power from several corner reflectors can be distinguished by a mobile reader according to the frequency response of the FSS. Measurement results with a 3 × 3 × 3 cm3 trihedral corner reflector and a stopband FSS in a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 high-frequency laminate at 90 GHz shows an RCS above $-$ 25 dBsqm for 90° coverage in the TM plane. Due to the high RCS, measurements at distances up to 4 m with a standard 25 dBi gain horn antenna and a vector network analyzer as a reader are shown. These preliminary results show the potential of the concept for applications such as indoor localization with sub-mm accuracy, where high bandwidths, but only a low number of bits, are needed for the identification of the tag landmarks.

Detection of Phytophthora infestans by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, Real-Time LAMP, and Droplet Digital PCR

Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato late blight, a devastating disease of tomato and potato and a threat to global food security. Early detection and intervention is essential for effective management of the pathogen. We developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for P. infestans and compared this assay to conventional PCR, real-time LAMP, and droplet digital PCR for detection of P. infestans. The LAMP assay was specific for P. infestans on potato and tomato and did not amplify other potato- or tomato-infecting Phytophthora species or other fungal and bacterial pathogens that infect potato and tomato. The detection threshold for SYBR Green LAMP and real-time LAMP read with hydroxynaphthol blue and EvaGreen was 1 pg/µl. In contrast, detection by conventional PCR was 10 pg/µl. Droplet digital PCR had the lowest detection threshold (100 fg/µl). We adapted the LAMP assay using SYBR Green and a mobile reader (mReader) for use in the field. Detection limits were 584 fg/µl for SYBR Green LAMP read on the mReader, which was more sensitive than visualization with the human eye. The mobile platform records geospatial coordinates and data from positive pathogen detections can be directly uploaded to a cloud database. Data can then be integrated into disease surveillance networks. This system will be useful for real-time detection of P. infestans and will improve the timeliness of reports into surveillance systems such as USABlight or EuroBlight.

Design and packaging of a compact circularly polarised planar antenna for 2.45‐GHz RFID mobile readers

In this study, a novel design and packaging of miniaturised planar microstrip antenna with circular polarisation (CP) that is suitable for 2.45-GHz radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications is proposed. The circular polarisation is realised by truncating the corners of the left to right diagonal and 76% of miniaturisation is achieved by incorporating two slots in each of the four directions and one at the centre of the square-shaped radiator. This type of miniaturisation method is known in the literature but combining with CP radiation is a novel approach. The radiator of the designed antenna has a compact size of 19.6 × 19.6 mm2 with an overall size of the antenna 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3, and this technique offers 76% miniaturisation in antenna size. Finally, a prototype antenna is fabricated and experimentally characterised to verify the design concept as well as to validate the simulation results. The designed antenna achieves measured return loss bandwidth of around 80 MHz (2.42– 2.5 GHz) and axial ratio bandwidth of 21 MHz (2.447–2.468 GHz). The proposed antenna is a good candidate for RFID mobile reader applications as it shows a good radiation performance, when it is installed in various types of housing.