This study explores enhancing geopolymer mechanical robustness and reducing efflorescence by adjusting precursor compositions and ratios, complemented by incorporating select admixtures. The integration of slag facilitates the geopolymerization process while concurrently diminishing the sodium ion leaching concentration, contributing to a reduction in efflorescence manifestations. The employment of metakaolin is further identified as a significant factor in the substantial decrease of free sodium ions, thereby curtailing efflorescence. While polycarboxylate and carboxymethyl cellulose exhibit differential impacts on the structural strength, their excessive application may exacerbate efflorescence. Notably, sodium polyacrylate is highlighted for its proficiency in markedly diminishing water permeability and virtually eradicating efflorescence through establishing a compact network that impedes the mobility of water and sodium ions, thereby forestalling their surficial migration.