Mixture Of Medium Research Articles

Modes of interaction and thermodynamic behavior of aggregation of CTAB + BSA mixtures in diols media: effects of diols composition and temperature

The micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixture has been studied conductometrically in aq. solutions of different diols (1,2-propanediol (1,2-PrD), 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), and 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PD)) media over the temperature range from 298.15 K to 323.15 K to gain insight into the mode and degree of interaction amongst the investigated constituents. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the CTAB + BSA mixtures were attained initially low but enhanced with the rise in temperature in all the media studied. The values of the CTAB + BSA mixtures in the different diols media followed the order: The degree of micelle ionization (α) increased with increasing carbon chain length of diols and temperature. The Gibbs free energy () values associated with the micellization of the CTAB + BSA mixture were negative and revealed a lowering of the spontaneity of micellization with increasing carbon chain length of the diols. The enthalpy () and entropy () changes of micellization revealed that the micellization was exothermic and mainly an enthalpy-controlled process in aq.1,2-PrD and 2,3-BD media while the process being endothermic, and entropy controlled in the 1,5-PD medium. The contribution of the solvent to the thermodynamic parameters was assessed from free energy of transfer (), enthalpy of transfer (), and entropy of transfer () values. The enthalpy–entropy compensation parameters were also studied and discussed with proper reasoning.

Ameliorant for Improving the Growth Characters of Garut Indigenous Arabica Coffee

One of Garut’s indigenous arabica coffee varieties that have a high and special taste that needs to be developed is known as “Kopi Koneng”. The research was to investigate the ameliorants affected the growth characteristics of two Garut indigenous arabica coffee cutting sections. Research was arranged in Randomized Block Design, consisted of fourteen treatments and three replications. The treatments were mainly several ameliorants compositions were topsoil, chicken manure, and coffee grounds compost. The combination of chicken manure and coffee grounds as a planting media mixture had a substantial effect on plant height and root dry weight, according to the results. Finally, the combination of Yellow Cattura 1 section with a mixture of topsoil media : coffee grounds compost (3:1) provided the best result to increase the growth characters of the arabica coffee seed cuttings.

Standardization of media and container for improving seed and seedling growth in papaya (Carica papaya) cv. Red Lady

An experiment was conducted to standardize the suitable media and type of the container for improving seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady during 2019–20. Five different types of media and three types of containers were used for study. Present experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with 15 treatment combinations replicated thrice. The observations were recorded on seed germination attributes and seedling growth parameters. The results showed that the plastic containers were found better followed by earthen pots and polybags using media mixture of soil + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:1) for improving seed germination (94.76%). However, the maximum plant height (17.40 cm), number of leaves (12.03), stem girth (6.42 mm), leaf area (131.02 cm2), root length (18.60 cm) and seedling survival (97.30%) was observed in the earthen pots having rooting media mixture made up of garden soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + FYM (1:1:1:1). The seed germination and plant growth parameters, root length and seedling survival was recorded in polybags.

Release Kinetics of Iron (Fe) from Soil and Growing Media Mixtures: An Incubation Study

ABSTRACT An incubation study was conducted to examine the time dependent release of iron from the soil and growing media mixtures of Cocopeat (CP), Vermicompost (VC), Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Pressmud (PM), Vermiculite (VL), and Composted cocopeat (CCP) with various levels of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) application for 60 days. Higher Fe release was recorded in the growing media comprising soil + composted cocopeat (1:1) followed by Cocopeat + Vermicompost + Press mud (1:1:1). Fitting of various kinetic equations for better understanding of iron release satisfactorily accounted (R2, 0.867 to 0.998, at p ≤.05) by the zero-order kinetic equation. Higher half-life time for Fe release (t1/2) as well as initial Fe concentration (q0) was noticed in Soil + Composted cocopeat and Cocopeat + Vermicompost + Pressmud. A significant negative correlation between pH, C/N ratio with Fe availability as well as higher organic carbon content prompted iron release. Based on the released amount of iron and principal component analysis with hierarchical clustering, Cocopeat + Vermicompost + Press mud (1:1:1) and Soil + Composted cocopeat (1:1) were grouped as best growing media mixtures. Higher initial Fe availability, release rate, and half-life time for iron release was observed in Soil + Composted cocopeat and Cocopeat + Vermicompost + Pressmud growing media which makes them more efficient as those can sustain the Fe supply for a longer period of time with higher availability to crops.

Using fermentation waste of ethanol-producing yeast for bacterial riboflavin production and recycling of spent bacterial mass for enhancing the growth of oily plants

This study aims to use fermentation waste of ethanol production (solid and liquid) for riboflavin and recycling of bacterial biomass as biofertilizers to enhance the growth of some oily crop plants. Out of 10 yeast isolates from fresh milk, Clavispora lusitaniae ASU 33 (MN583181) was able to ferment different concentrations of glucose (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) into ethanol with high efficiency at 10%. Among seven non-Lactobacillus bacterial isolates recovered from cheese samples, two bacterial isolates Bacillus subtlis-SR2 (MT002768) and Novosphingobium panipatense-SR3 (MT002778) were selected for their high riboflavin production. Different media (control medium, fermentation waste medium and a mixture of the fermentation waste medium and control medium [1:1]) were used for riboflavin production. These media were inoculated by a single or mixture of B. subtlis-SR2, N. panipatense-SR3. The addition of the waste medium of ethanol production to the control medium (1:1) had a stimulatory effect on riboflavin production whether inoculated with either a single strain or a mixture of B. subtlis-SR2 and N. panipatense-SR3. A mixture of fermentation waste and control media inoculated with N. panipatense produced a high riboflavin yield in comparison with other media. Inoculation of Zea mays and Ocimum basilicum plants with either the bacterial biomass waste of riboflavin production (B. subtlis or N. panipatense) or a mixture of B. subtlis and N. panipatense) shows a stimulatory effect on the plant growth in comparison with control (uninoculated plants). These results demonstrate the possibility of minimizing the cost of riboflavin and biofertilizer manufacturing via interlinking ethanol and riboflavin with the biofertilizer production technology. This study outlines the methods of evaluating the strength of spent media by applying procedures developed in the vitamin production industries. Furthermore, bacterial biomass waste can act as an environmentally friendly alternative for agrochemicals.

Rheological Behavior of HEUR Mixtures in Aqueous Media

Abstract Three S-G HEUR thickeners were synthesized by a step growth polymerization technique of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and dicyclohexylmethane – 4,40-diisocyanate (H12MDI) and then end capped with two monofunctional aliphatic alcohols. These polymers were mixed together according to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of their segments. Based on this, two sets of associating polymers were introduced. In one set, the samples had identical hydrophobic segments while in the other one, hydrophilic segments were similar. The steady shear viscosity profiles of aqueous solutions of all models were determined. In addition, aqueous binary mixtures with various ratios of the S-G HEUR models were studied using steady state and dynamic rheometry. It is suggested that combinations of associating polymers with different size of hydrophobic segments and similar hydrophilic segments produce an associative polymer-like behavior. However, the combination of those with similar long hydrophobic segments and different hydrophilic segments at similar weight ratio in solution falls short of displaying an associative polymer – like behavior.

Enhanced-solubilization and dissolution of multicomponent DNAPL from homogeneous porous media

The presence of multicomponent dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) mixtures in porous media can significantly limit the effectiveness of groundwater remediation. A series of column transport and flushing experiments were conducted to quantify the impact of various enhanced flushing agents on dissolution and removal of a multicomponent DNAPL source within a macroscopically homogeneous porous medium. The columns were established with NAPL saturations consisting of an equal mole mixture of cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene. The solubilization agents used included two complexing sugars - hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD); a surfactant - sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); and a cosolvent - ethanol (EtOH). The chemical flushing agents greatly reduced the time needed to remove each DNAPL component, compared to flushing with water alone. Initial DNAPL-component elution concentrations were successfully predicted using Raoult's Law for MCD, HPCD, and water flushing, indicating that ideal dissolution was initiated by the lower-power enhanced-solubilization agents. EtOH was most efficient at removing the contaminants in terms of normalized mass recovery but least efficient based on a mass-ratio and mole-ratio of contaminant to reagent analysis. SDS was most efficient for contaminant removal when analyzed based on mass-contaminant to mass-reagent recovered and MCD was most effective based on a moles-contaminant to moles-reagent recovered efficiency evaluation. However, in terms of mass flux reduction analysis (i.e. removal metric), SDS was least efficient for contaminant removal compared to all other enhanced-flushing agents tested, especially during the initial stages of DNAPL removal. Results from this study indicate that ideal dissolution was initiated during enhanced-solubilization and that several criteria should be used to evaluate the removal effectiveness of flushing agents for multi-component NAPL systems.

Two-Dimensional Thin Layer Chromatography of Melatonin and Related Compounds.

Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography has been used by workers in the field to separate radiolabeled serotonin derivatives from complex mixtures of culture media and homogenates of glands. The compounds resolved include N-acetylserotonin, melatonin, hydroxytryptophol, methoxytryptophol, hydroxyindole acetic acid, and methoxyindole acetic acid. The method requires either radiolabeled tryptophan or serotonin, if an investigator wants to study conversion. It is also useful in the chemical synthesis of serotonin metabolites because it is relatively fast. It pointed to the enzyme that converts serotonin to N-acetylserotonin as being key in controlling the nocturnal increase in vertebrate melatonin production. This enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (E.C. 2.3.1.87), has been the focus of hundreds of papers which probed its biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, structural biology, neural regulation, development, evolution, and genetics.

Modelling the release of Zn from soil and soilless growing media mixtures

Modelling the release of Zn from soil and soilless growing media mixtures

Effect of Potting Media and Variety on Growth, Yield and Quality of Hot Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) Under Jimma Condition, South West Ethiopia

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) during the season of 2016/2017. The rapid population increase and land scarcity calls for an alternative of crop production for sustenance of the human race. Productivity of Hot pepper is limited due to Lack of improved, good quality and well adapted varieties, nutrient depletion (poor soil fertility) and inappropriate fertilizer utilization. Treatments consisted of four hot pepper varieties (Mareko Fana, Melka Shote, Melka Awaze and Local Variety) and five potting media mixture (Topsoil, FYM + Top soil + Sand, Compost + Top soil + Sand, Compost + FYM + top soil and Top soil +Sand). The result of the study showed in most cases all the studied growth parameters were significantly higher in pot treated by compost +FYM + top soil and control treatment was significantly reduced the all the plant growth parameter. Accordingly, the tallest and lowest plant height was recorded from variety Melka shote and Local variety respectively. Also the study revealed that higher significant (p<0.05) interactions between potting media and varieties on days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruit set, days to 50% fruit maturity, days to first harvest, mean number of flowers per plant, mean number of primary branches, number of fruit per plant, number of seed per fruit, pericarp thickness, fruit length and fruit diameter. As a result, the earliest variety to attain days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruit set and days to 50% fruit maturity and also days to first harvest was recorded from Mareko Fana in PM4. The highest number of fruits per plant was from Melka Shote with mixture of PM4, while Mareko Fana was the highest fruit weight per hak and number of seed per fruit in the potting media of PM4. Similarly, the longest, widest, thickest fruit size and highest cost benefit ratio was attained from Mareko Fana with in PM4. In addition, Mareko Fana were highly preferred and accepted by consumers and this may be attributed to its high quality, larger fruits size and diameter. As results from the study revealed, PM4 could be successfully used to obtain better growth, yield and quality of hot pepper. However, further testing is required in different locations on different potting media.

Use of different agricultural wastes in Ganoderma carnosum Pat. cultivation

In this study, we aimed to determine the best agricultural waste media mixtures for Ganoderma carnosum Pat. cultivation, which is almost unknown in Turkey. Six different growing mixtures were prepared using oak sawdust, peanut shell, and corn cob: C (oak sawdust), M1 (2 oak sawdust + 1 wheat bran), M2 (2 peanut shells + 1 wheat bran), M3 (1 oak sawdust + 1 peanut shell + 1 wheat bran), M4 (2 corn cobs + 1 wheat bran), M5 (1 oak sawdust + 1 corn cob + 1 wheat bran). During the study, mycelial growth time, biological efficiency (BE), mushroom weight, total yield, cap diameter, cap thickness, dry matter of mushroom samples, and pH and moisture content of the mixtures were determined at different periods (after sterilization, after mycelia development, and after harvest). Mycelial development time was detected between 26.00 and 41.00 days. The highest and the lowest yield values were obtained from M2 (53.90 g kg-1) and C (14.63 g kg-11), respectively. The highest amount of dry matter was recorded in C (20.29%) while the lowest amount was obtained from M2 (17.97%). It has been determined that the average weight of the mushrooms varied between 6.46 and 23.00 g. The pH was the highest after sterilization (5.62) and the lowest after harvest (4.21) periods. In terms of moisture content, the highest content was observed after harvest period as 66.17%. When the results were evaluated based on yield and biological efficiency, which are the most important criteria for producers, the use of oak sawdust alone or in combination seems to be disadvantageous.

Soil Quality, Crop Growth, and Productivity of Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. and Brassica rapa L. Using Different Growing Media Mixtures for Square-Foot Gardening in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines

Organic manures have long been used by farmers for the availability of nutrients forplant growth, and to improve soil quality. But the kind and amount of organic media mostbeneficial to the growth of kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) and pechay (Brassica rapaL.) are uncertain. This study investigated the effects of growing media mixtures (GMM)with different amounts of chicken manure and vermicast on the growth and productivityof the selected vegetables. The study aimed to assess the quality of the GMM with differentamounts of chicken manure and vermicast in terms of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen,extractable phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium, determine the effect of differentGMM on the growth and productivity of I. aquatica and B. rapa in terms of average plantheight, leaf width, the number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants, and determine thebest-growing media mixtures for the growth and productivity of the experimental plants.Results show that the growing media mixture with optimum pH range, high OM, N, P,and K contents have biological and nutrient essential for plant growth and productivity.T10 yielded kangkong with the broadest leaf width, the greatest number of leaves, andheaviest fresh weight, while T9 produced the tallest, broadest leaf, greatest number ofleaves, and heaviest pechay. Overall, T10 is the best growing media for kangkong. WhereasT9 is optimum for cultivating pechay. Results indicated that chicken manure and vermicastenriched growing media mixture build healthy soil for improved growth and productivityof kangkong and pechay.

Inokulasi Mikoriza pada Media Tanam Campuran Kompos Kotoran Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao

&lt;p&gt;Improvements in cocoa cultivation techniques need to be done by adding goat manure as a mixture of planting media to improve the physical properties of the soil in order to make it easier for roots to develop. This objective of this study was to determine concentration of mycorrhizae, the best growing media for cocoa seedlings, and interaction on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The method used was randomized block design with two factor. The first factor was the inoculation of mycorrhizae consisting of four levels: without inoculation of mycorrhizae 10 g/plant, 20 g/plant, and 30 g/plant. The second factor was the growing media with three levels of growing media: top soil, top soil + goat manure compost (1:1), and top soil + goat manure compost (1:2). The results showed that the growing media had a significant effect on the height and volume of plant roots. Growing media of top soil produced the best average seedling by 38.06 cm and root volume by 4.39 cm3. The interaction of giving mycorrhizae with growing media had a significant effect on root volume with the best treatment 10 g/plant mycorrhizae and top soil by 5.67 cm3. The results analysis of root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi showed the highest infection in the 20 g/plant mycorrhizae and top soil by 80%. Application of mycorrhizae with growing media can increase cocoa yield and growth. Planting media mycorrhizae infected to soil can affect cocoa seedling.&lt;/p&gt;

Simultaneous removal of anionic dyes onto Mg(Al)O mixed metal oxides from ternary aqueous mixture: Derivative spectrophotometry and Density Functional Theory study

A simultaneous removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Indigo Carmine (IC) and Methyl Orange (MO) anionic dyes in ternary mixture onto mixed metal oxides (Mg(Al)O) was studied. Mg(Al)O nanoparticles were obtained through one-step by pyrolysis of MgAl-layered double hydroxide compound as precursor. In view of the significant interferences in visible light absorbance, second-order derivative spectrophotometric method was adopted for simultaneous analysis of MO, EBT and IC concentrations. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the removal of the three anionic dyes were exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Theoretical studies carried out on the dyes structures using density functional theory (DFT) calculations were of use to evaluate the relative electron donating/accepting character of each dye molecule, and are in good agreement with experimental data. Quantum chemical results suggested that MO (N = 4.2414) is more nucleophilic than EBT (N = 3.7960) and IC (N = 3.9797); the assumption has been that MO molecules were favorably adsorbed and interacted first with Mg(Al)O nanoparticles in the mixture media. Moreover, according to the local molecular reactivity results the nitrogen atoms, exhibiting the higher nucleophilic Parr functions PK−, could be the main active sites. In the light of these results, a possible removal mechanism was suggested.

Study of rice root distribution patterns for breeding of drought tolerant varieties

Root growth and development is one of the morphological characters which related to drought tolerant traits. This study aims to evaluate the root distribution pattern of 30 rice genotypes to support the breeding of drought tolerant varieties. The research was conducted in ICRR greenhouse in Sukamandi, Subang, Indonesia from October to December 2015. Thirty rice genotypes, consisting of cultivars, promising lines (prior to be released as new varieties), and check varieties, were arranged using randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed were planted in mini pots containing a mixture of sand and soil media with a concave sieve at the top. The filter is divided into three zones, namely upper (1), middle (2), and lower (3). The pot was placed in a plastic box filled with water to maintain the humidity. The results showed that Mekongga had the number of tillers, the number of fresh leaves, the number of roots in zone 1, and the total number of roots significantly higher than the best check variety, Salumpikit. In this study, it was found that the amount of metaxylem between genotypes was different. Salumpikit has the most metaxylem among other genotypes. Further research is expected to be carried out both in drought and optimum condition as a control to see the correlation between root architecture with drought tolerance in the field.

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and planting media on seedlings growth of Helicteres isora L. in the nursery

A screw tree (Helicteres isora L.) is a small/large shrub species that grows and spreads in many Asian countries, including Indonesia (NTT and Maluku). It is a medicinal plant commonly used to treat many diseases, such as bleeding and constipation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and planting media on the growth of screw tree seedlings in a nursery. This research was conducted at Bogor Forest Research and Development Center’s nursery, Indonesia. This study consisted of two factors: AM fungi with three levels, namely control, Glomus aggregatum and Glomus clarum and growth media with two levels, namely mixed media of soil: rice husk charcoal (2:1) and mixed soil of media: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1). The results showed that treatment of G. aggregatum and soil mixed of media: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1) was significantly different from other treatments except for G. clarum and soil mixture of media: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1) that significantly increased height, diameter and dry weight of seedlings and the values were 97, 56, 126 and 46, 37, 127% compared to the control. Mycorrhizal dependency of screw tree was very high (126 and 127%). Generally, interaction treatment of G. clarum and mixed media of soil: rice husk charcoal: cocopeat (2:1:1) increased the growth of 11-month-old screw tree in the nursery.

Data-Mining Techniques: A New Approach to Identifying the Links among Hybrid Strains of Pleurotus with Culture Media

In this study, a data set of mycelial and cultural characteristics of hybrid strains of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor were analyzed using three data-mining techniques: the K-medoids clustering algorithm, PCA biplot and the association rules algorithm. The characteristics evaluated were as follows: maximum velocity; lag phase; biomass; and exopolysaccharides content in the cultivation of 50 hybrid strains of Pleurotus ostreatus and 50 hybrid strains of Pleurotus djamor. Different mixtures of culture media were used to supplement Ecuadorian agricultural products. Data of the parameters obtained in the experimental methods were grouped into four clusters, obtaining a presentation of the hybrid strains of Pleurotus with a higher relation to each characteristic measured. Data-mining tools showed the hybrid strains cultivated on solid-culture media (M1 = malt extract agar and rice flour) and liquid-culture media (L1 = maltose, yeast extract and rice flour) presented the highest mycelial and cultural characteristics. These results are good indicators to improve the industrial production of edible fungi by using rice flour in the cultivation, contributing to the mushroom market and circular economy.

Indigeneity, Transgression and the Body: Orientalism and Biblification in the Popular Imaging of Palestinians

ABSTRACT This article considers how the representation of Palestinians in popular imaging has shifted from the nineteenth century to the current day. It will utilise a mixture of popular media, including photography, portraiture, film, political posters and television. This longitudinal study charts the relationship of Orientalism and biblification as imaging systems – and their respective connotations of familiarity and otherness – in delineating questions of indigeneity and transgression as they pertain to the Palestinian body. It will analyse how biblification and Orientalism have operated to effect transformations in the projection and reception of the Palestinian body, both in western and Palestinian authored imagery. This analysis is underscored with questions of class, urban-rural divides and modernity in Palestine. Analysing the continuities, contestation and transformation shaping the imaging of the Palestinian body, this article focuses on the figures of the fellah, the fedayee and the infiltrator. It argues the Palestinian body was transformed from an indigenous, biblified vestige to an orientalised outsider status, with continuing impacts on contemporary representations. It considers how the historical contestation of Palestinian bodies has continued to impact contemporary popular narratives.

A Systematic Literature Review on Digital Storytelling Authoring Tool in Education: January 2010 to January 2020

ABSTRACT While early research in digital storytelling was primarily based on a mixture of digital media, the last 10 years has seen a rapid increase in the use of advanced technologies such as augmented reality (AR), wearable, tangible, and mobile devices. Although a proliferation of digital storytelling authoring tools has been introduced to improve learning, there is a lack of systematic review to inform how it has been designed and developed as well as implemented in education. This paper presents a systematic review of 91 studies highlighting the technology and use trends related to authoring tools in educational digital storytelling. Our analysis identifies best practices in designing the authoring tools, synthesized as design guidelines for future researchers and practitioners in the field. Possible challenges of incorporating the tools in the classroom are explored, and directions for future design and development of similar tools are suggested.

Pengaruh Penambahan Kompos Limbah Lumpur Kertas Dan Sekam Padi Pada Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus Gangeticus L) Varietas Mira

The experiment was carried out from May 2021 to August 2021 at Lahan Baru Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Pasirjengkol Village, Majalaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java, The experiment method used in this study is an experimental method using a single factor Randomized Block Design (RAK), the number of treatments in this study consisted of 6 treatments repeated 4 times, the treatments consisted of : A (soil 100%), B ( soil 75% + Compost Paper 25%), C (Soil 75% + Rice Husk 25%), D (Soil 50% + Compost Paper 50%), E (Soil 50% + Rice Husk 50%), F (Soil 50% + Compost Paper 25% + Rice Husk 25%). The experimental results showed that the addition of compost waste paper mud and rice husks as a mixture of planting media gave significantly different effects on plant height 21 DAP and 28 DAP, number of leaves 21 DAP and 28 DAP, leaf area, root length, and fresh weight of red spinach. Treatment B, which was 75% soil + 25% paper compost, gave the highest yields for plant heights at 21 DAP and 28 DAP at 39.67 cm and 52.75 cm, the number of plant leaves at 21 DAP and 28 DAP at 28.00 strands and 46.50 strands, plant leaf area of ​​372.78 cm2, plant fresh weight of 78.56 grams, and treatment F namely 50% Soil + 25% Paper Compost + 25% Rice Husk gave the highest yield on the root length of red spinach of 43.95 cm.