Mixture Of Carbon Research Articles

Calcium oxide adsorption of gas phase PCDD/Fs and its impact on the adsorption properties of activated carbon

Calcium oxide (CaO), utilized in semi-dry/dry desulfurization systems at municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants, demonstrates some capability to remove polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study assessed the gas-phase PCDD/F removal performance of CaO, activated carbon (AC) and CaO-AC mixtures. Alone, CaO achieved removal efficiencies of only 31.9% for mass and 50.8% for I-TEQ concentration. However, CaO-AC mixtures exhibited significantly higher efficiencies, reaching 96.0% and 92.5% for mass and I-TEQ concentrations, respectively, surpassing those of AC alone, which were 74.7% and 58.5%. BET analysis indicated that CaO's limited surface area and pore structure are major constraints on its adsorption performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the π-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction enhances the adsorption between AC and PCDD/F, with adsorption energies ranging from −1.02 to −1.24 eV. Additionally, the induced dipole interactions between CaO and PCDD/F contribute to adsorption energies ranging from −1.13 to −1.43 eV. Moreover, with increasing chlorination levels, PCDD/F molecules are more predisposed to accept electron transfers from the surfaces of AC or CaO, thereby facilitating adsorption. The calculation for mixed AC and CaO showed that CaO modifies AC's properties, enhancing its ability to adsorb gas phase PCDD/Fs, with the higher adsorption energy and more electrons transfer, aligning with gas phase PCDD/Fs adsorption experiments. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how CaO influences the PCDD/F adsorption performance of AC.

Liquid-Solid Phase Diagrams for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes in the Ternary Space and Beyond

Although practical lithium-ion battery electrolytes generally utilize two or more solvents in addition to the dissolved lithium salt, liquid-solid phase diagrams have, as far as the authors know, only been reported for binary single-solvent electrolytes. This precludes rational design of low freezing point liquid electrolyte mixtures. We herein present a thermodynamic framework to draw out ternary electrolyte liquidus surfaces using the comprising binary liquid-solid equilibria data and limited ternary data measured via calorimetry. LiPF6 in liquid carbonate mixtures are here studied. The introduced thermodynamic framework also allows evaluation of the thermodynamic factor, which appears in the context of transport parameter measurements.

Transformation of Cu2O into Metallic Copper within Matrix of Carboxylic Cation Exchangers: Synthesis and Thermogravimetric Studies of Novel Composite Materials.

In order to systematize and expand knowledge about copper-containing composite materials as hybrid ion exchangers, in this study, fine metallic copper particles were dispersed within the matrix of a carboxyl cation exchanger (CCE) with a macroporous and gel-type structure thanks to the reduction of Cu2O particles precipitated within the matrix earlier. It was possible to introduce as much as 22.0 wt% Cu0 into a gel-type polymeric carrier (G/H#Cu) when an ascorbic acid solution was used to act as a reducer of Cu2O and a reagent transforming the functional groups from Na+ into the H+ form. The extremely high shrinkage of the porous skeleton containing -COOH groups (in a wet and also dry state) and its limited affinity for water protected the copper from oxidation without the use of special conditions. When macroporous CCE was used as a host material, the composite material (M/H#Cu) contained 18.5 wt% Cu, and copper particles were identified inside the resin beads, but not on their surface where Cu2+ ions appeared during drying. Thermal analysis in an air atmosphere and under N2 showed that dispersing metallic copper within the resin matrix accelerated its decomposition in both media, whereby M/H#Cu decomposed faster than G/H#Cu. It was found that G/H#Cu contained 6.0% bounded water, less than M/H#Cu (7.5%), and that the solid residue after combustion of G/H#Cu and M/H#Cu was CuO (26.28% and 22.80%), while after pyrolysis the solid residue (39.35% and 26.23%) was a mixture of carbon (50%) and metallic copper (50%). The presented composite materials thanks to the antimicrobial, catalytic, reducing, deoxygenating and hydrophobic properties of metallic copper can be used for point-of-use and column water/wastewater treatment systems.

Cost‐Effective Conductive Paste for Radiofrequency Devices Using Carbon‐Based Materials

With the increasing demand for compact, lightweight, cost‐effective, and high‐performance radiofrequency (RF) devices, the development of low‐profile antennas becomes crucial. This article presents a study of a novel carbon–cellulose‐based paste intended for screen printing RF devices. The investigation specifically explores the application of high‐reactivity carbon mixture (HRCM) particles as conductive fillers. The results demonstrate that optimal electrical conductivity values and discrete electromagnetic dipole performances can be achieved at lower concentrations of solid conductive material compared to conventional pastes, for similar applications. This offers benefits in terms of total cost, material consumption, and environmental impact. The paste formulation showcases a complex non‐Newtonian behavior, where yielding flow and thixotropicity are found to be independent and dependent on preshear conditions, respectively. This behavior can be attributed to the network orientation and rearrangement of filler structures within the paste system, which in turn are responsible for filler pattern uniformity and overall printing quality. Compared to traditional conductive materials, HRCM pastes are proven to be a viable alternative for RF devices fabrication, including printed Wi‐Fi antennas.

Sedimentary environment shift and organic matter enrichment mechanism in response to volcanic ash influence: A case study of the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Santanghu Basin, NW China

The second member of the Lucaogou Formation (P2l2) in the Tiaohu and Malang Sags of the Santanghu Basin (study area) underwent periodic volcanic activity and frequent lithological changes. This study comprehensively analyzed the organic geochemistry, mineral composition, organic matter (OM) types, volcanic cycle, and palaeoenvironment of shale in the study area. Techniques such as total organic carbon (TOC), rock pyrolysis (Rock-Eval), organic petrology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), trace elements, and saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were employed. The findings suggest that limited terrigenous input during the sedimentary period of the P2l2 led to the deposition of a distinctive mixture of volcanic ash (felsic) and carbonate (dolomite and calcite), with a low average clay mineral content of 6%. The P2l2 shale emerged as a high-quality source rock, predominantly composed of type I and II kerogens, with moderate OM maturity. The deposition environment was characterized by hot and arid conditions, high salinity, and intensive reducibility, which was favorable for algae development and conducive to OM preservation. Notably, two lamalginite types, labeled as lamalginite “A” and lamalginite “B,” were identified. Lamalginite “B”-rich shales were deposited in a hotter and drier climate compared to lamalginite “A”-rich shales. Lamalginite “B”- rich shale inexhibited high levels of C28 regular sterane and β-carotenes, distinguishing it from lamalginite “A”-rich shale. A comprehensive analysis involving organic petrology, SEM, sedimentary environment, and biomarker characteristics suggests that lamalginite “B” may be a salt-tolerant green alga, while lamalginite “A” may be a cyanobacterium. Finally, an OM enrichment model for the P2l2 shale was established.

Bibliometrics Analysis Of The Resistance Of Steel Materials In Building Structures To Fire

Fire is the out-of-control burning method of flammable substances, which includes wood, paper, plastic, fuel, or different substances, which produce heat, mild smoke, and toxic gases. Fires can occur, including woodland fires caused by lightning or because of human activities, along with building fires due to electric short circuits or errors in the use of fire. In building design, it is miles vital to apprehend the elements that cause fires and the fireplace's resistance to materials. Metal is a form of metallic made from a primary mixture of iron (Fe) and carbon (C), with the amount of carbon typically being much less than 2 per cent of its general weight. Steel is a very common fabric used in a spread of applications due to its aggregate of robust, long-lasting, and malleable properties.

Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium Nitride/Carbon Nanocomposites.

The present work focuses on the synthesis of a vanadium nitride (VN)/carbon nanocomposite material via the thermal decomposition of vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPC). The morphology and chemical structure of the synthesized compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The successful syntheses of the VOPC and non-metalated phthalocyanine (H2PC) precursors were confirmed using FTIR and XRD. The VN particles present a needle-like morphology in the VN synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of the VN/C composite material exhibited small clusters of VN particles. The XRD analysis of the thermally decomposed VOPC indicated a mixture of amorphous carbon and VN nanoparticles (VN(TD)) with a cubic structure in the space group FM-3M consistent with that of VN. The XPS results confirmed the presence of V(III)-N bonds in the resultant material, indicating the formation of a VN/C nanocomposite. The VN/C nanocomposite synthesized through thermal decomposition exhibited a high carbon content and a cluster-like distribution of VN particles. The VN/C nanocomposite was used as an anode material in LIBs, which delivered a specific capacity of 307 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles and an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 at the 100th cycle.

Sodium Manganese Ferrite Water Splitting Cycle: Unravelling the Effect of Solid-Liquid Interfaces in Molten Alkali Carbonates.

In this work, the Na2CO3 of the sodium manganese ferrite thermochemical cycle was substituted by different eutectic or eutectoid alkali carbonate mixtures. Substituting Na2CO3 with the eutectoid (Li0.07Na0.93)2CO3 mixture resulted in faster hydrogen production after the first cycle, shifting the hydrogen production maximum toward shorter reaction times. Thermodynamic calculations and in situ optical microscopy attributed this fact to the partial melting of the eutectoid carbonate, which helps the diffusion of the ions. Unfortunately, all the mixtures exhibit a significant loss of reversibility in terms of hydrogen production upon cycling. Among them, the nonsubstituted Na mixture exhibits the highest reversibility in terms of hydrogen production followed by the 7%Li-Na mixture, while the 50%Li-Na and Li-K-Na mixtures do not produce any hydrogen after the first cycle. The loss of reversibility is attributed to both the formation of undesired phases and sintering, the latter being more pronounced in the eutectic and eutectoid alkali carbonate mixtures, where the melting of the carbonate is predicted by thermodynamics.

Fluorine Rich Borate Salt Anion Based Electrolyte for High Voltage Sodium Metal Battery Development.

This study demonstrates the enhanced performance in high-voltage sodium full cells using a novel electrolyte composition featuring a highly fluorinated borate ester anion (1M Na[B(hfip)4].3DME) in a binary carbonate mixture (EC:EMC), compared to a conventional electrolyte (1M Na[PF6] EC:EMC). The prolonged cycling performance of sodium metal battery employing high voltage cathodes (NVPF@C@CNT and NFMO) is attributed to uniform and dense sodium deposition along with the formation of fluorine and boron-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the sodium metal anode. Simultaneously, a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) is formed on the cathode side due to the improved electrochemical stability window and superior aluminum passivation of the novel electrolyte. The CEIs on high-voltage cathodes are discovered to be abundant in C-F, B-O, and B-F components, which contributes to long-term cycling stability by effectively suppressing undesirable side reactions and mitigating electrolyte decomposition. The participation of DME in the primary solvation shell coupled with the comparatively weaker interaction between Na+ and [B(hfip)4]- in the secondary solvation shell, provides additional confirmation of labile desolvation. This, in turn, supports the active participation of the anion in the formation of fluorine and boron-rich interphases on both the anode and cathode.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ СОСТАВА ШУНГИТА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ НА СТРУКТУРООБРАЗОВАНИЕ ПОЛИМЕРНО-БИТУМНОГО ВЯЖУЩЕГО

For reduction the amount of expensive polymers and improving the technological, physico-mechanical, thermophysical and other properties of road materials fillers are introduced into polymer modified bitumen binders (PBB). Therefore, in recent years the interest in natural materials that are similar in composition and have comparable characteristics to synthetic products has been increased. In relation to graphene structures used to modify bitumen and polymers, shungite is seems to be a good alternative, the rock that is essentially a composite material from mixture of shungite carbon and mineral phases. When shungite powder using as PBB modifier the distinctive features of the shungite composition should have a positive effect on the structuring of a bitumen matrix in the presence of a polymer. Since the most important structural component of the rock is carbon, the purpose of this work is to study the effect of shungite carbon from rocks of various deposits on the structure formation of the polymer modified bitumen binder. A set of studies (differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy based on a scanning electron microscope) has established that carbon from samples from seven deposits of Karelia is characterized by varying degree of ordering of graphite-like (sp2-carbon) structures depending on the sampling location. An increase in the amount of carbon in the composition of shungite powder and a decrease in the degree of ordering of its structure determine higher values of the specific surface area and a greater effect from modification when adding fillers into the polymer modified bitumen binder. Samples from the Zazhoginsky deposit are the most active fillers with a high modifying effect, which maximally improve the cohesive strength of the composite organic binder and structure the system by the best way. The powders from rocks from other deposits also have the positive effect relative to the base PBB, but with less efficiency. All this indicates the prospects of the proposed modification.

High‐Performance Co‐Solvent Engineering Electrolyte for Obtaining a High‐Voltage and Low‐Cost K+ Battery Operating from −25 to 50 °C

AbstractHigh‐safety potassium‐ion batteries (HPIBs) are highly intriguing owing to their green energy, low cost, high voltage, noncombustible, and simple assembly. However, most high‐voltage HPIBs use water‐in‐salt electrolytes (WISE), which lead to several problems, such as a high viscosity, which significantly reduces the performance and increases the cost of HPIBs, thus impeding their development. Unfortunately, studies regarding HPIB electrolytes remain limited, further limiting the development of HPIBs. Herein, a co‐solvent engineering electrolyte (4.0 m KOTf in a mixture of propylene carbonate (PC) and H2O with a volume ratio of 5.0:1.0) featuring low‐cost (1/4 of WISE) and high‐performance (45.43 mS cm−1) characteristics is proposed, which not only achieves a wide electrochemical stability window by reducing the activity of H2O, but also adjusts the solvation structure of K+. Consequently, the HPIBs assembled via co‐solvent engineering electrolyte demonstrated a high energy density of 88.05 Wh kg−1, and sufficiently operated at rates of 0.50–10.0 A g−1 over a wide temperature range (−25–50 °C). This study provides a promising means for developing high‐voltage HPIBs.

Spring buds of European woody plants have old 14C age

Trees and shrubs maintain carbon reserves to support their functions during periods when metabolic demand exceeds carbon supply, such as during the dormant season. To gain a better understanding of carbon storage and utilisation dynamics of eight woody plant species in temperate Central Europe, bud scale and leaf samples were collected to determine the radiocarbon age of fresh sprouts in trees and shrubs, at three background sites avoiding local emissions that may influence affect the observed 14C/12C ratio. The accelerator mass spectrometry-based bomb-radiocarbon approach, to determine the age of the mobilized carbon in the plant bud samples from storage, was complemented by stable carbon isotope measurements. The bomb-radiocarbon dating technique was used to determine the age of the samples, while a northern hemispheric atmosphere 14CO2 dataset was used to calibrate the radiocarbon ages of the plant samples. The youngest observed calibrated radiocarbon age of the buds was over 4 years, and the oldest was even 9 years old. There was no significant difference between the ages of bud scales and embryonal leaf laminas. Our results show that there is a considerable amount of stored older carbon in the woody stems that can be used to produce buds in spring, which is a complex mixture of stored carbon of different ages, but there is no relationship between the radiocarbon age and the stable carbon isotope composition. The observed results show that not only the tree species, but shrubs also can store and use significantly older carbon pools, the carbon storage intensity is similar for trees with trunks and short-stemmed shrubs branching directly above the ground, i.e. carbon storage starts in young twigs and continues in ageing branches.

Mechanosynthesis of TaC-WC powders under environmental conditions and their consolidation via electric arc furnace

In this study, tantalum carbide (TaC) was synthesized using an innovative approach that synergistically integrates mechanosynthesis and electric arc furnace processes. By employing high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) for 50 min under environmental conditions, TaC-WC powders were successfully synthesized, using a powder mixture of tantalum and carbon in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. This method yielded a composition of 72.5 wt% TaC and 27.5 wt% WC, with an average particle size of 0.7 ± 0.3 μm. The use of an electric arc furnace led to the fabrication of a highly dense material with a relative density above 98%. Notably, WC derived from the mechanical milling material served as an effective sintering aid. x-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated the formation of metal oxides on the surface of the sample, and despite the presence of these oxides, the density of the material remained uncompromised. Furthermore, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis after the electric arc furnace treatment demonstrated the preservation of the TaC and WC phases. Mechanical properties, including Vickers hardness, Young’s modulus and fracture toughness were 22.8 ± 0.5 GPa under an applied load of 9.8 N, 539 GPa and 6.6 MPa m1/2, respectively. The results underscore a novel and efficient synthesis route for TaC-WC with enhanced mechanical properties and high density, which are crucial aspects for applications in ultra-high temperature ceramics.

The Effects of Carbonate and Vinegar Mixture on Selected Surface Properties of Iatandza (Albizia ferruginea) Wood

Ahşap malzemenin rengi çeşitli uygulamalar ile değişmektedir (ısıl işlem, ağartma, emprenye işlemi, yaşlandırma, vb.). Bu çalışmada, iatandza (Albizia ferruginea) ahşabı yüzeylerinde hazırlanmış olan iki farklı çözeltilerin (iki farklı sirke türü ve karbonat karışımı) meydana getirdiği renk, beyazlık indeksi (WI*) ve parlaklık özelliklerindeki değişimler araştırılmıştır. Bir kontrol gurubu oluşturularak çözeltiler ile muamele edilmiş yüzeyler birbirleriyle kıyaslanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre bütün testleri üzerinde hazırlanan çözelti türü anlamlı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan çözeltiler sonrasında renk parametrelerinde olan L*, C*, b* ve a* değerleri azalış gösterirken, ho değeri artış durumu sergilemiştir. ∆E* değerleri karbonat + sirke (A) çözeltisi ile 13.63 ve karbonat + sirke (B) çözeltisi ile 13.13 olarak elde edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, renk formüllerinin kullanılması ile hesaplanmış olan ∆b*, ∆L*, ∆a* ve ∆C* değerleri her iki çözeltiler ile negatif olarak bulunmuştur. Parlaklık değerlerinde ise her iki yönde yapılan 60 ve 85 derecelerde ve her iki yöndeki WI* değerlerinde azalmalar tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan çözeltiler ile ahşap malzemene ait yüzey özeliklerinin değiştiği görülmüştür.

Synthesizing hard carbon anodes for potassium-ion batteries from black liquor and deinking sludge

Porous hard carbon anodes, with large interlayer space and high adsorption ability, can offer much better cycle stability and higher discharge capacity for potassium-ion batteries compared to commercial graphite anodes. However, most commercial hard carbons are synthesized from relatively expensive high-molecular polymers. In this study, pulping and papermaking wastes were utilized as precursors for producing hard carbons and pore-enlarging agent, respectively. Specifically, after thorough mixing through ball milling, black liquor solids and deinking sludge were utilized to produce porous hard carbon anodes via co-pyrolysis. The results show that direct pyrolysis of black liquor can produce hard carbons efficiently, eliminating the need to extract lignin from black liquor. Moreover, it is shown that the pore-enlarging agent derived from deinking sludge can enlarge much portion of pores on hard carbons, resulting in abundant mesopores. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the synthesized porous hard carbon anodes can achieve highest specific capacity of 303.5 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 using a 1.0 M potassium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte in a mixture of diethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate. Additionally, the synthesized porous hard carbon anodes exhibit low average capacity decay per cycle of 0.06 % at 100 mA g−1 when tested with a 1.0 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide electrolyte in the same solvent mixture after 500 cycles. Therefore, recycling black liquor and deinking sludge to produce porous hard carbon anodes for potassium-ion batteries is a promising approach for environmental and energy sustainability.

Exploring relaxation behaviors in Hydrogen-Bond networks within binary mixtures of propylene carbonate and primary alcohols through broadband dielectric spectroscopy and molecular dynamic simulation

This work investigates the dielectric properties and the relaxation behaviors of propylene carbonate (PC) and its binary mixtures with methanol and ethanol. A coaxial-circular cutoff waveguide junction was employed to characterize broadband dielectric spectra ranging from 0.1 GHz to 18 GHz, and a two-group Debye model was used to extract relaxation parameters. Excess thermodynamic parameters, Kirkwood orientational correlation factors, and Bruggeman factors for PC-alcohol mixtures were also analyzed and presented. These data provide insights into microscopic dynamic processes as the PC concentration in the mixtures gradually increases. These processes include the continuous disassociation of the alcohols’ hydrogen-bond (H-bond) networks, the formation of new PC-alcohol H-bond networks, the parallel alignment of heterogeneous dipoles, and a significant enhancement of the dielectric effect. Furthermore, a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the TraPPE-UA forcefield were conducted, and the obtained thermodynamic and electromagnetic parameters demonstrated good agreement with experimental results. Based on radial distribution functions, dipole–dipole spatial orientational correlations, and H-bond life times extracted from the MD simulations, we observed the gradual formation of PC-cage and alcohol-cluster microstructures in PC-rich mixtures. The data and physical insights provided in this work are expected to have practical implications in high-energy battery applications and the pharmaceutical industry.

Influence of Cations on Direct CO2 Capture and Mineral Film Formation: The Role of KCl and MgCl2 at the Air/Electrolyte/Iron Interface.

Uncovering the mechanisms associated with CO2 capture through mineralization is vital for addressing rising CO2 levels. Iron in planetary soils, the mineral cycle, and atmospheric dust react with CO2 through complex surface chemistry. Here, the effect of cations on the growth of carbonate films on iron surfaces was investigated. In situ polarized modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy was used to measure CO2 adsorption and oxidation of iron in MgCl2(aq) and KCl(aq), compared to FeCl2(aq) at the air/electrolyte/iron interface. The cation was found to influence the film composition and growth rates, as corroborated by infrared and photoelectron spectroscopy. In MgCl2(aq), a mixture of hydromagnesite, magnesite, and a Mg hydroxy carbonate film was grown on iron, while in KCl(aq), a potassium-rich bicarbonate film was grown. The cations were found to affect the rates of hydroxylation and carbonation, confirming a specific cation effect on carbonate film growth. In the submerged region, a heterogeneous mixture of lepidocrocite and iron hydroxy carbonate was produced, suggesting that Fe2+ dominates the surface products. Surface roughness measurements from in situ atomic force microscopy indicate iron initially corrodes faster in MgCl2(aq) than KCl(aq), due to the Cl- ions that initiate pitting and corrosion. In this region, cations were not found to affect the morphologies. This study shows surface corrosion is necessary to provide nucleation sites for film growth and that the cations influence the carbonate film, relevant for CO2 capture and planetary processes.

Porous molecularly imprinted beads for highly specific separation of 10-hydroxycamptothecine: An imprinted strategy based on modified cellulose hydrogel

10-hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT), known as a natural alkaloid with significant anti-cancer properties in Camptotheca acuminata, has valuable application prospects in health and medicine and has attracted worldwide attention especially in the field of cancer research. In this study, a porous cellulose hydrogel-based molecularly imprinted bead (PCH@MIBs) with high affinity and selectivity was prepared and served as novel fillers of solid phase extraction (SPE) for selectively separating HCPT. The combination of polydopamine (PDA) modified cellulose hydrogel and highly selective molecular imprinting technology enabled the efficient and targeted adsorption for template molecules. The mixture of nano-calcium carbonate and cellulose solution underwent a reaction with an acidic coagulation bath, which endowed the cellulose hydrogel beads with porous structures. Porous cellulose hydrogel beads were coated with a PDA layer, followed by the preparation of PCH@MIBs using HCPT as template molecules and acrylamide (AM) as functional monomers, resulting in hydrogel-based materials with specific adsorption cavities matched to HCPT. The PCH@MIBs exhibited excellent adsorption capacity (57.87 mg·g−1) and adsorption selectivity (IF = 3.75), as well as good reusability (5 of cycles). The PCH@MIBs were successfully used to separate HCPT from C. acuminata fruits, with an impressive adsorption capacity (0.0974 mg·g−1) and recovery of HCPT (91.27 %). Mechanism analysis demonstrated that the recognition of PCH@MIBs was primarily achieved through non-covalent interactions between AM and HCPT, specifically hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces. This work proposes a novel strategy for constructing porous cellulose-based molecularly imprinted hydrogel beads to specific capture targeted compound, which have broad potential for practical application.

Industrial Ecotechnological Assessment of Lime as a Sustainable Substitute for Desulfurization of Cast Iron

This study comprehensively assesses the ecotechnological consideration and perspective of implementing a lime-based desulfurization process in the cast iron industry to replace the utilization of magnesium partially. By adopting an injection process to introduce the lime powder into molten cast iron, this research elucidated that the new alternative concept can successfully be integrated with daily operations without any disparities in cast iron quality, as proved by the production of cast iron products with vermicular graphite. A mixture of lime powder and carbon was utilized, and it was substantiated that the aim of a sulfur content lower than 0.015% can be reliably achieved. Furthermore, an ecological analysis was also conducted to justify the possible environmental advantages. The results indicated that considering the cradle-to-gate approach, the maximum amount of CO2eq connected to the lime-based desulfurization is approximately 43 g for 1 kg of desulfurized cast iron. This amount of calculated emission is still expected to be lower than the minimum calculated emission associated with the magnesium-based process, which can reach an amount of 76 g for a similar functional unit.Graphical

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ЭМАЛИ ЗУБОВ ПОСЛЕ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОЗДУШНО-ПОРОШКОВЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОКОЛЕНИЙ

Subject. Today, there are many different air-powder systems (APS) for professional oral hygiene (PAH). The problem of selecting a powder for performing PPGP is still relevant. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different air-powder systems on the structure of tooth enamel. Matodology. The study consisted of 2 parts: experimental and clinical-laboratory. The experimental part of the study consisted in the allocation of experimental groups, their subsequent processing depending on the active component of the UPP (sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, their mixture, glycine, trehalose) and study by scanning electron microscopy. Clinical and laboratory research is aimed at studying the time spent on the removal of soft pigmented plaque; the degree of cleaning of the tooth surface; the amount of powder required to perform PGPR; as well as the atomization of powder during the procedure; the traumatic effect of these systems on the structure of tooth enamel by interpreting the index of tooth sensitivity of L.Yu. Orekhova – S.B. Ulitovsky (TS-O-U index, %); and studying the average linear (Vas) velocity of blood flow in periodontal tissues using the method of Doppler ultrasound. Results. Powders with a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate have the greatest damaging effect on tooth enamel structure, and powders with trehalose and glycine have the least damaging effect. On the basis of clinical study it was revealed that powders based on trehalose and glycine have less damaging effect both on tooth enamel and periodontal tissues, which is confirmed by the index of tooth sensitivity of L.Yu. Orekhova – S.B. Ulitovsky and the results of ultrasound Dopplerography. Conclusions. The conducted research allows recommending therapeutic dentists, periodontists, as well as dental hygienists to use glycine- and trehalose-based UPDs in their clinical practice due to their effective, safe and ergonomic use.