Mixture Of CH4 Research Articles

Baseline extraction algorithm for mixed absorption spectrum of multiple gases under different pressure

This study developed an algorithm for determining gas pressure and concentration in a mixed absorption feature using direct absorption spectroscopy. Blending spectra is observed when multiple absorption lines are approached when conducting a laser scan and/or when the pressure begins to increase. The proposed blended-feature baseline fitting method estimated the baseline by coupling measured data with simulated fractional transmission at the peaks between absorption features. In this study, the CH4 and CO absorption lines in the range 4299.70 to 4300.10 cm −1 were selected to demonstrate the method. Three experiments were conducted at different pressures of 0.5, 1, and 2 atm, and a mixture of CH4 and CO with different concentrations was measured at each pressure. Subsequently, the transmission spectra under the optimal parameters were compared with the simulated transmission spectra. Finally, the three results obtained via the proposed common baseline fitting method were compared with simulation results to verify the accuracy of the method. The method of data analysis based on direct absorption spectroscopy was confirmed to be applicable for spectra with a mixture of features, and was suitable for scanning ranges with multiple intensive spectral absorption lines and high pressures.

Laminar Burning Velocity, Adiabatic Flame Temperature, and Pollutants of Biogas/Air Mixture at Various CO2 Concentrations and Plasma Assist

ABSTRACT Mixtures of CH4 and CO2, known as biogas, are considered as renewable gas with low heat energy, which makes it extremely difficult to use as fuel in conventional natural gas equipment. To better understand the behavior of biogas mixtures and their properties, numerical results of the impact of carbon dioxide on laminar burning velocity and flame temperature of methane (CH4)–carbon dioxide (CO2)–air combustion were done. One of the most promising methods to enhance combustion is the use of a plasma source to assist unstable flames. For this purpose, experimental results to investigate the effect of microsecond pulsed plasma on non-premixed biogas flames were conducted. In the first section, laminar burning velocities and adiabatic flame temperature have been numerically calculated by one-dimensional steady code using several chemical kinetic mechanisms. Numerical results were compared with several experimental results from the literature. The laminar burning velocity and the adiabatic temperature of biogas/air combustion were calculated with CO2 concentration ranging from 0% to 50% in the mixture. The equivalence ratio was varied from 0.4 to 1.4, the initial pressure was set at 1 bar, and the temperature was set to 300 K. The impact of CO2 addition on the CO and NOx emissions at equivalence ratios from lean to rich (0.4–1.4) was investigated. It was found that increasing CO2 in the biogas lowers NOx and increases CO. In the second section, the effects of microsecond pulsed plasma on non-premixed swirling biogas/air flames were experimentally investigated. The plasma-assisted combustion was carried out in a coaxial burner. It consists of two concentric tubes; the central tube delivers the biogas flow to the injector and the annular tube contains a swirler and supplies the airflow. To create plasma in the stabilization zone of the flame, a rod-ring microsecond plasma configuration was used. OH* chemiluminescence measurements are used to describe the structure and stability of the flame. Results showed that plasma generated by microsecond high-voltage (HV) pulses can improve flame stability. An analysis of the optical emission spectra (OES) showed that plasma generates chemically active species such as excited N2*, CH*, OH* molecules, and H* atoms, leading to improved flame stability. The dependence of their intensities on both the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the input electrical voltage was investigated. The gas analysis of the exhaust gas was carried out with and without plasma. The exhaust gas concentration measurements revealed that the rod-ring pulsed plasma reduces CO with a low impact on the NOx level.

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation of the adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide and methane using functionalized Mg-MOF-74

Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were used to analyse the effect of -O-Li, -NH2, -SH, -F, -COOH, and -NO2 functional groups on the adsorption and separation of pure CO2 and a mixture of CO2 and CH4. The metal–organic framework (MOF) skeleton was structurally optimized using the Forcite and Dmol 3 modules. First, the GCMC method was employed to simulate the adsorption of pure CO2 by functionalized Mg-MOF-74 at 298 K and 10–3000 kPa. The results illustrated that -O-Li, -NH2, and -SH groups increased the CO2 adsorption below 101 kPa and followed the order Li-O-Mg-MOF-74 > NH2-Mg-MOF-74 > SH-Mg-MOF-74. When the pressure was >101 kPa, the adsorption capacity of Mg-MOF-74 was higher than that of functionalized Mg-MOF-74. Then, the adsorption capacity and selectivity of functionalized Mg-MOF-74 in the CO2/CH4 mixture were investigated at 298 K and 10–3000 kPa. The results showed that the introduction of -O-Li, -NH2, and -SH groups increased the CO2 selectivity of Mg-MOF-74 within the range of 10–1440 kPa and followed the order Li-O-Mg-MOF-74 > NH2-Mg-MOF-74 > SH-Mg-MOF-74.

De-Linker-Enabled Exceptional Volumetric Acetylene Storage Capacity and Benchmark C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 Separations in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

An ideal adsorbent for separation requires optimizing both storage capacity and selectivity, but maximizing both or achieving a desired balance remain challenging. Herein, a de-linker strategy is proposed to address this issue for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Broadly speaking, the de-linker idea targets a class of materials that may be viewed as being intermediate between zeolites and MOFs. Its feasibility is shown here by a series of ultra-microporous MOFs (SNNU-98-M, M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn). SNNU-98 exhibit high volumetric C2H2 uptake capacity under low and ambient pressures (175.3 cm3 cm-3 @ 0.1 bar, 222.9 cm3 cm-3 @ 1 bar, 298 K), as well as extraordinary selectivity (2405.7 for C2H2/C2H4, 22.7 for C2H2/CO2). Remarkably, SNNU-98-Mn can efficiently separate C2H2 from C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 mixtures with a benchmark C2H2/C2H4 (1/99) breakthrough time of 2325 min g-1, and produce 99.9999% C2H4 with a productivity up to 64.6 mmol g-1, surpassing values of reported MOF adsorbents.

Biological mitigation of methane in presence of xylene and ethylbenzene in biofilters: Effect of pollutants concentrations and empty bed residence time

Landfill gas emissions cause serious environmental concerns due to the presence of methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and several harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as xylene (X) and ethylbenzene (EB). A series of 9 up-flow biofilters (3 sections of 0.3 m each) packed with inorganic materials were used to eliminate CH4 as a single pollutant, a binary mixture of X and EB and a ternary mixture of CH4, X and EB. The CH4 concentration range was 2000–10000 ppmv while the VOCs (X and EB) individual concentrations were 200, 400 and 600 ppmv for empty bed residence times (EBRTs) ranging from 2.25 to 9 min over a period of 242 days. The highest CH4 removal efficiency (RE) in the ternary mixture was 41 ± 3% at a CH4 concentration of 2000 ppmv and X and EB individual concentrations of 200 ppmv for an EBRT of 9 min. Meanwhile, the highest X and EB-REs of 58 ± 3 and 57 ± 3% were obtained respectively, at the same concentrations of the components but at a shorter EBRT of 4.5 min. Almost 40% of CH4 biodegradation took place on the top section of the bioreactor while 50–60% of the VOCs biodegradation occurred in the middle section.

Influence of Gas from Long-Flame Coal Spontaneous Combustion on Gas Explosion Limit

To investigate the impact of multiple combustible gases produced by long-flame coal spontaneous combustion on the gas explosion limit and to guide the reoperation of the coal mine goaf and fire area, the influence of gas generated by coal spontaneous combustion on gas explosion limit is investigated in this paper using a temperature-programmed device and a 20 L spherical explosion device. The results show that the volume fraction of CO produced during the spontaneous combustion of coal samples is 0.47%, followed by CH4 and C2H6, and C2H4 has the lowest content. Simultaneously, the coal spontaneous combustion is divided by 30°C, 80°C, and 170°C as the threshold, depending on the different gas characteristics. Organic C2H4 and C2H6 produced by coal spontaneous combustion have a greater impact on the CH4 explosion limit than inorganic CO. The lower and upper limits of CH4 explosion were reduced to 2.98% and 12.2%, respectively, by 0.8% C2H6. C2H4 and C2H6 explosion limits change dramatically when mixed with CH4. The CO and CH4 mixture explosion limit decreases first and then increases. C2H4 and C2H6 have a significant impact on the explosion pressure of mixed gas and the lower explosion limit of gas. The lower explosion limit falls from 5.1% to 4.3% as the explosion pressure rises from 0.25 MPa to 0.29 MPa.

Diffusivities in Binary Mixtures of Cyclohexane or Ethyl Butanoate with Dissolved CH4 or R143a Close to Infinite Dilution

This work is part of a series of studies focusing on binary mixtures consisting of a liquid with a dissolved gas close to infinite dilution. A particular focus is on the study of the influence of molecular characteristics on mutual or self-diffusivity. Heterodyne dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments and equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations are applied to determine the Fick diffusion coefficient D11 and the self-diffusion coefficient of the gas solute in the mixture Dself,1. Often, the latter is referred to in the literature as the intradiffusion coefficient, which is equal to D11 in the limit of infinite dilution. Both DLS and EMD simulations are applied in macroscopic thermodynamic equilibrium at or close to saturation conditions. In the present study, mixtures of methane (CH4) or the refrigerant 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a) dissolved in cyclohexane or ethyl butanoate are investigated at temperatures T between 303 and 423 K. The average expanded experimental uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) of D11 from DLS experiments is 10%, and the average expanded statistical uncertainty (k = 2) of Dself,1 from EMD simulations is 6.4%. Unexpectedly, D11 in mixtures of CH4 dissolved in cyclohexane or ethyl butanoate essentially matches within uncertainties at a given T, and mixtures of cyclohexane with R143a show smaller D11 values in comparison to ethyl butanoate with R143a.

Double coaxial pipe jet control using DBD-PA and bluff body

In this study, a double-tube burner nozzle with a DBD-PA (dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator) and flame holder was employed to regulate the lifted flame. The flame holder held the lifted flame and the DBD-PA regulated the lifted flame to suppress the lifted flame’s vertical oscillation. To form a lifted flame, pseudo-biogas, a mixture of CH4 and CO2 in the ratio of 6:4, was jetted out through an inner nozzle and air through an annular nozzle. To control the air jet and prevent the lifted flame’s vertical oscillation, the DBD-PA was installed inside an annular nozzle. The DBD-PA was driven intermittently at regular intervals to produce a tangential flow in the same direction as the jetting gas, and the flame holder was placed above the nozzle outlet on the nozzle center axis. The finding indicated that by driving the DBD-PA at the slightly lower frequency than the frequency of the naturally shedding vortices in the free jet, the lifted flame’s vertical oscillation can be reduced by collapsing the jet’s vortex ring at a steady position and with a steady cycle. By impeding the lifted flame’s vertical oscillation, it is forecasted to reduce the blowout of the lifted flame and combustion noise.

Разделение природного газа технологией газогидратной кристаллизации: расчет коэффициентов газогидратного распределения

This work considers the possibility of separating the natural gas from the Orenburg field using gas hydrate crystallization technology to purify methane from impurities. The effect of the mixture composition, process temperature, and pressure on the separation efficiencyof the gas mixture CH4 - C2H6 - C3H8 - i-C4H10 - н-C4H10 - C5H12 - N2 - H2S - CO2 was mathematically modeled. Efficiency was determined based on gas hydrate distribution coefficients. It was shown that the CH4 gas hydrate distribution coefficient variedinsignificantly with the field operation time and amounted to less than 1. The predominant concentration of CH4, n-C4H10, n-C5H12, N2, CO2 in the gas phase and C3H8, i-C4H10, H2S in the gas hydrate phase was established. In the studied temperature (268.15-283.15 K) and pressure (2.00-8.00 MPa) ranges, the maximum gas hydrate distribution coefficient of C3H8, i-C4H10, and H2S was foundto be 32.32, 44.66, and 31.61, respectively, at 268.15 K and 8 MPa.

On fluidising a heated bed of sand with a mixture of methane and air: When do the bubbles ignite and when does combustion occur between the sand particles?

Combustion in a heated bed of sand, fluidised by mixtures of CH4 and air, is inhibited. It was recently suggested that this is partly because a bubble only ignites, when the longest residence time of the fluidising gas passing through this bubble exceeds the ignition delay, tig, of the gas. This idea led to: (db/3Umf) ≥ tig as the condition for a bubble of diameter, db, to ignite. To test this, beds of sand (3 different sizes) were fluidised by different mixtures of CH4 and air. The bubbling bed was electrically heated slowly up to ∼ 1100 °C, whilst monitoring the bed's temperature and the composition of the gas at a fixed point in the bed. The temperature, at which bubbles ignited at this observation point, was identified as that of the bed, when the local concentration of CO reached a maximum. The mean size of the igniting bubbles was calculated from the flowrate of gas through the bed and the height above the distributor. Using tig (from the literature) at the measured ignition temperature, the above equation described the observations very satisfactorily. Thus, the fuel-richness of the fluidising gas and its temperature affect tig, Umf and db. Combustion of CO (or CH4) in the gas passing interstitially between fluidised sand particles was found to be unlikely, but can be promoted by fluidising large particles in a very hot bed, in which CO has a concentration larger than ≈ 10 vol.% at 1 at.

Effects of High-Quality Carbon Nanowalls Ionization-Assisting Substrates on Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Performance.

Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) is performed using carbon nanowalls (CNWs) for ionization-assisting substrates. The CNWs (referred to as high-quality CNWs) in the present study were grown using a radical-injection plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RI-PECVD) system with the addition of oxygen in a mixture of CH4 and H2 gases. High-quality CNWs were different with respect to crystallinity and C-OH groups, while showing similar wall-to-wall distances and a wettability comparable to CNWs (referred to as normal CNWs) grown without O2. The efficiency of SALDI was tested with both parameters of ion intensity and fragmental efficiency (survival yield (SY)) using N-benzylpyridinuim chloride (N-BP-CI). At a laser fluence of 4 mJ/cm2, normal CNWs had an SY of 0.97 and an ion intensity of 0.13, while 5-sccm-O2- high-quality CNWs had an SY of 0.89 and an ion intensity of 2.55. As a result, the sensitivity for the detection of low-molecular-weight analytes was improved with the high-quality CNWs compared to the normal CNWs, while an SY of 0.89 was maintained at a low laser fluence of 4 mJ/cm2. SALDI-MS measurements available with the high-quality CNWs ionization-assisting substrate provided high ionization and SY values.

Influence of Butanol Isomerization on Photothermal Hydrogen Production over Ti@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles

In this work, we reported for the first time the effect of butanol isomerization on the photothermal production of hydrogen in the presence of a noble, metal-free Ti@TiO2 core-shell photocatalyst. The experiments were performed in aqueous solutions of 1-BuOH, 2-BuOH, and t-BuOH under Xe lamp irradiation (vis/NIR: 8.4 W, UV: 0.6 W) at 35–69 °C. The increase in temperature significantly enhanced H2 formation, indicating a strong photothermal effect in the studied systems. However, in dark conditions, H2 emission was not observed even at elevated temperatures, which clearly points out the photonic origin of H2 photothermal formation. The rate of H2 production followed the order of 1-BuOH >> 2-BuOH > t-BuOH in the entire range of studied temperatures. In the systems with 1-BuOH and 2-BuOH, hydrogen was the only gaseous product measured online in the outlet carrier argon using mass spectrometry. By contrast, a mixture of H2, CH4, and C2H6 was detected for t-BuOH, indicating a C–C bond scission with this isomer during photocatalytic degradation. The apparent activation energies, Ea, with 1-BuOH/2-BuOH isomers (20–21 kJ·mol−1) was found to be larger than for t-BuOH (13 kJ·mol−1). The significant difference in thermal response for 1-BuOH/2-BuOH and t-BuOH isomers was ascribed to the difference in the photocatalytic mechanisms of these species. The photothermal effect with 1-BuOH/2-BuOH isomers can be explained by the thermally induced transfer of photogenerated, shallowly trapped electron holes to highly reactive free holes at the surface of TiO2 and the further hole-mediated cleavage of the O-H bond. In the system with t-BuOH, another mechanism could also contribute to the overall process through hydrogen abstraction from the C–H bond by an intermediate •OH radical, leading to CH3• group ejection. Formation of •OH radicals during light irradiation of Ti@TiO2 nanoparticle suspension in water has been confirmed using terephthalate dosimetry. This analysis also revealed a positive temperature response of •OH radical formation.

Characterization, Calcination and Pre-Reduction of Polymetallic Manganese Nodules by Hydrogen and Methane

A polymetallic manganese nodule was characterized and further calcined and pre-reduced by H2, CH4, and H2-CH4 mixtures at elevated temperatures. It was found that the main Mn and Fe elements coexisted in the ore in different minerals, and the Mn/Fe ratio varies in the ore. Moreover, Cu, Ni and Co are distributed with Mn and Fe, and no known minerals of these elements were identified. The calcination of the ore was carried out through calcination in air in a muffle furnace, and under Ar in a thermogravimetry (TG) furnace. It was found that manganese and iron oxides are evolved from a variety of oxide and hydroxides in the ore during calcination. The pre-reduction of the calcined ore particles by H2 gas in the TG furnace indicated fast reduction by hydrogen. The pre-reduction of the calcined ore by H2, CH4, and H2-CH4 mixtures in a stationary bed reactor and further characterization of the products indicated the same products. It was found that the pre-reduction by all the applied gases at elevated temperatures yield a pre-reduced ore that contains metallic Fe, Cu, Ni, and Co, while MnO co-exist as the dominant phase.

CO2 capture, separation, and storage on MgSiP2 monolayer: A first-principles study

New materials that can effectively capture, separate, and store CO2 play a key role in suppressing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and alleviating the greenhouse effect. Herein, we report a study of the adsorption of gaseous CO2, N2, CH4, and H2 on a 2D MgSiP2 monolayer. The results demonstrate that MgSiP2 monolayer is able to selectively capture CO2 from CO2/H2 gas mixture. However, CO2 cannot be effectively captured from a mixture of CO2, N2, and CH4. Further research shows that the MgSiP2 monolayer can capture up to eight CO2 molecules with a maximum capture capacity of 20.42 wt%, indicating its good CO2 storage capacity. Moreover, compared with other studies, the 2D MgSiP2 surface that is not modified can release CO2 at relatively high temperatures. This work focuses on providing important information about a multifunctional 2D material, which is an indispensable support for the practical application of the 2D MgSiP2 structure.

Gas detection and recovery characteristics at room temperature observed in a Zr3N4-based memristor sensor array

One of the major challenges with a nitric oxide (NO) gas sensor is the development of a facile and robust room temperature gas sensor for fast recovery and high response in an NO ambient, especially below ppb-level. In order to detect an NO gas in ppb-level, a Zr3N4 based gasistor with very sensitive conducting filaments was investigated. The proposed gasistor showed a high response of 25.8 for the NO of 500 ppb, a fast recovery within 1.6 μs in a pulse mode, and a measurement limit of 37 ppb for NO gas at 21°C. In addition, in the NO, O2, and C2H6 mixture gas test, we observed the feasibility of the selective detection of NO gas of the proposed gasistor. Therefore, we believe that the proposed gasistor has huge potential for NO gas sensing, which will revolutionize in the NO gas-sensor industries.

Thermodynamic assessment and microscale Raman spectroscopy of binary CO2/CH4 hydrates produced during replacement applications in natural reservoirs

The present research deals with the micro – scale characterization of sI hydrates containing a binary mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. The application of replacement strategies in natural hydrate reservoirs, always leads to the formation of “mixed” hydrates, whose mechanical and chemical properties are different from those of pure CH4 and CO2 hydrates. As a function of the technique used for the process and due to the variability of the systems, a wide range of different compositions and morphologies can be obtained and the current literature must be expanded, in order to achieve a wide and accurate experimental database of CO2/CH4 hydrate properties. In this work, binary CO2/CH4 hydrates binary CO2/CH4 hydrates were produced in a small – scale reactor and then supercooled, in order to favour their extraction from the reactor and their stability at environmental conditions for a certain period of time. The gas hydrates, prepared with CO2 hydrates of pure water and with CH4 and CO2 mixtures, also in the presence of specific sands, were ex situ analysed by the use Raman-spectroscopy that confirmed the gas uptake in the hydrate structures by identification of the fingerprint of CH4 and CO2 occupancy in the hydrates. The characteristic of water inside the gas hydrates and the interaction between the host molecules and the lattice of water molecules was clarified. The different gas hydrates, analysed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy instrument equipped with “Coolstage head” under high vacuum condition, differed in morphology and surface features.The analysis of water Raman spectra of the different GHs permitted to describe the relation between symmetric and asymmetric OHs bands, but also provided information about the characteristics of water inside the different GHs, showing that the least ordered water structure was that of GHs containing sand, while the most ordered one was present on binary CO2/CH4 hydrates.

Adsorption and Diffusion Behaviors of CO2 and CH4 Mixtures in Different Types of Kerogens and Their Roles in Enhanced Energy Recovery

CO2 geological sequestration in subsurface shale formations is a promising strategy to store CO2 and to increase shale gas production. The understanding of gas adsorption and diffusion mechanisms in microporous media is critical for CO2 storage-enhanced gas recovery (CS-EGR). The type of kerogens is one of the important factors that influence the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of gases. In this work, the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations were utilized to develop kerogen models and further investigate gas and water adsorption and diffusion behavior on the type IA, IIA, and IIIA kerogen models. The results indicated that the adsorption and diffusion capacities of CO2 are larger than those of CH4. The adsorption and diffusion capacity decreased with increasing water content. However, the CO2/CH4 adsorption selectivity increased with the increase in water content. Type IIIA demonstrated the best potential for adsorption and diffusion. This study provides insights into the role of the adsorption and diffusion behavior of CO2 and CH4 mixtures on kerogens of different types under different water contents at a microscopic scale, and can facilitate further understanding of the processes involved in CO2 storage coupled with enhanced energy recovery.

NO2 and O3 Formation in Barrier Discharge Plasma in Air–CH4 Mixture

NO2 and O3 Formation in Barrier Discharge Plasma in Air–CH4 Mixture

From a Metal-Organic Square to a Robust and Regenerable Supramolecular Self-assembly for Methane Purification.

Porous supramolecular assemblies constructed by noncovalent interactions are promising for adsorptive purification of methane because of their easy regeneration. However, the poor stability arising from the weak noncovalent interactions has obstructed their practical applications. Here, we report a robust and easily regenerated polyhedron-based cationic framework assembled from a metal-organic square. This material exhibits a very low affinity for CH4 and N2 , but captures other competing gases (e.g. C2 H6 , C3 H8 , and CO2 ) with a moderate affinity. These results underpin highly selective separation of a range of gas mixtures that are relevant to natural gas and industrial off-gas. Dynamic breakthrough studies demonstrate its practical separation for C2 H6 /CH4 , C3 H8 /CH4 , CO2 /N2 , and CO2 /CH4 . Particularly, the separation time is ≈11 min g-1 for the C2 H6 /CH4 (15/85 v/v) mixture and ≈49 min g-1 for the C3 H8 /CH4 (15/85 v/v) mixture (under a flow of 2.0 mL min-1 ), respectively, enabling its capability for CH4 purification from light alkanes.

Finite Rate Reaction Mechanism Adapted for Modelling Pseudo-Equilibrium Pyrolysis of Cellulose

This manuscript is related to a formulation for modelling cellulose pyrolysis with a pseudo-equilibrium approach. The objective is to model the kinetics of the cellulose pyrolysis with a semi-global mechanism obtained from the literature in order to obtain the yield and the rate of formation, mainly that of char. The pseudo-equilibrium approach consists of the assumption that the solid phase devolatilisation can be described kinetically—at a finite rate—thus preserving the competitive characteristic between the production of char and tar, while the gas phase can be described directly by means of chemical equilibrium. The aforementioned approach gives a set of ordinary, linear, and nonlinear differential equations that are solved numerically with a consistent numerical scheme (i.e., the Totally Implicit Euler method). Chemical equilibrium was solved using CANTERA coupled with a code written in MATLAB. The results showed that the scheme preserved the tar-gas competitive characteristic for cellulose pyrolysis. The gas phase was defined as a mixture of CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, H2, and N2, showing a similar composition compared to models from the literature. Finally, the extension of the model to biomass in general is straightforward for including hemicellulose and lignin. The formulation is described in detail throughout the document in order to be replicated and evaluated for other biological components.