Mixed Methods Approach Research Articles

Exploring the use of ChatGPT-4o in enhancing career development counseling for medical students: a study protocol

BackgroundThe advent of pre-trained generative transformers, exemplified by ChatGPT, has significantly impacted medical education, catalysing a wealth of research focused on enhancing educational methodologies. Despite this, the application of ChatGPT...

Sehat Card Plus in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Confronting challenges, strengthening governance, ensuring financial sustainability

Objective: To conduct an in-depth policy analysis of the Sehat Card Plus (SCP), focussing on its governance, financingstructures, achievements, and long-term sustainability.Methods:A three-tiered framework was employed. At the micro-level, over 4,000 households were surveyed; at the mesolevel,readiness assessments were conducted at 38 empanelled hospitals; and at the macro-level, a policy and strategicreview of the SCP was conducted. The policy review examined (i) programme governance and coordination, including thirdpartyadministration by SLIC; (ii) current status of legislative and regulatory aspects; (iii) financing trends and sustainability;(iv) service delivery mechanisms, including beneficiary enrollment, empanellment and reimbursement mechanisms; and(v) monitoring and evaluation systems. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining literature review, technical reports,and budgetary documents with in-depth interviews conducted with provincial and federal officials, health system experts,and stakeholders. Data from interviews was collected between October and November 2022 underwent thematic deductiveanalysis.Results: Six thematic areas were identified: (i) Governance: Strong legislative commitment through the UHC Bill 2022, butwith limited citizen representation in decision-making bodies; (ii) Organizational arrangements: Limited staff anddependence on SLIC limit monitoring and strategic management; (iii) Financing: Unplanned expansion challenges financialsustainability in economic crisis, as SCP is fully funded by provincial revenues; (iv) Service purchasing: State Life InsuranceCorporation (SLIC) manages hospital empanellment and claims processing, though lack of involvement of health authorities;(v) Monitoring & evaluation: Independent monitoring systems are needed for transparency and quality assurance (vi)Communication and User Satisfaction : Beneficiary engagement and feedback mechanisms in SCP need improvement.Conclusion: SCP has expanded inpatient care and improved financial protection, but challenges remain in quality, financialsustainability, and equity, crucial for achieving UHC in Pakistan.Keywords: Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Sehat Card Plus (SCP), Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Publicly Funded HealthInsurance, Social Health, Protection Initiative (SHPI).

Promoting psychological safety in simulation using a novel visual tool: A mixed-methods quasi-experimental study

BackgroundPsychological safety is imperative for effective simulation-based learning within healthcare education, yet it is challenging for educators to establish. A visual tool, “Simulation Tool to Enhance Psychological Safety” (STEPS) was incorporated into simulation-based activities for prelicensure nursing students to support (or strengthen) psychological safety. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the STEPS tool on psychological safety during simulated learning for prelicensure nursing students. DesignThis study used a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design using a mixed-methods approach. MethodSTEPS was implemented in 12 simulation activities throughout a semester at a School of Nursing located in the southeastern United States. The Psychological Safety in High Fidelity Simulation Scale was utilized as a pretest-posttest survey; open-ended survey responses and focus groups were collected at the end of the last simulated experience of the term. Results51 prelicensure nursing students participated. Students' perceptions of psychological safety improved post the STEPS intervention. Qualitative data also revealed that they found STEPS valuable for enhancing learning from mistakes, support, comfort, and confidence. Students had different perceptions of how often STEPS needed to be explained. ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that incorporating STEPS into simulated learning experiences as a visual reminder for students and faculty promotes a safe and supportive environment, which helps students redefine mistakes as learning opportunities. This tool may be used as part of a multi-pronged approach to promoting psychological safety. Further testing with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Zakat in metaverse? Evidence from cyberspace

Purpose This study aims to explore the recent state of zakat metaverse innovation from unstructured data available in cyberspace, i.e. YouTube, Instagram, X (Twitter), Facebook, LinkedIn and Google. Design/methodology/approach This study used “zakat metaverse” keywords to harvest unstructured data and analysed using a mixed-method approach. First step of the analysis applied quantitative text analytics via machine learning tool, followed by the final step of qualitative inductive analysis. Findings Quantitative text analytics identified keywords related to zakat metaverse innovation, whereas qualitative analysis explored the critical insights behind those keywords, presented in thematic interpretation. Research limitations/implications This study only used unstructured internet data, in which other relevant information may not be covered. Practical implications Shariah evaluation of zakat obligations from virtual assets requires the relevantisation of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) zakat, which opens future debates. Social implications Many zakat institutions operate in emerging economies where digital poverty occurs, and such zakat metaverse innovation would potentially contribute to this digital divide. The relevance of such innovation becomes a major question regarding its inclusivity. Originality/value This study combines machine learning analytics and qualitative analysis to explore the recent state of metaverse innovation in zakat administration.

Looking into multimodal translanguaging in CLIL: a case study in the Basque Country

ABSTRACT In recent years, the inherent benefits of translanguaging have been demonstrated on the basis of the mutual dependence of cognition and flexible language use. In the case of CLIL, several authors have embraced translanguaging because it integrates languages and supports the use of a wide range of interactional resources. The CLIL teacher's multilingual competence and the employment of non-linguistic communicative modes in science teaching promote authentic equitable learning experiences. However, the CLIL teachers' multimodal discourse has not yet received much attention in multilingual contexts. The aim of this study is to analyse the discourse of three CLIL teachers in Primary Education following a multimodal mixed method approach with a linguistic annotator [ELAN. 2024. “Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics”. V. 6.8 [Computer software]. The Language Archive. https://archive.mpi.nl/tla/elan]. The selection of multilingual episodes of interaction and posterior annotation of linguistic and non-verbal modes facilitates a multimodal microanalysis contextualised in a Basque public school (Spain). Our study shows how the use of Spanish and Basque complemented with gestures and other non-linguistic semiotic modes can promote learners' participation. It further highlights the communicative strategies needed to express particular discourse functions, while underlining the relevance of multilingual and multimodal awareness.

Nursing faculty perceptions of entry to nursing practice competencies expected at day one of hire: A statewide study

BackgroundNo universal nursing education framework exists aligning competency expectations of new-to-practice nurses graduating from the varying prelicensure academic degree programs. PurposeThis study aimed to identify a set of core competencies expected of all prelicensure nursing programs in Maryland, including associate degree (ADN), entry-level bachelor of science nursing degree (BSN), and master of science entry into nursing (MSN Entry) programs. MethodA mixed-method approach was used to identify necessary competencies, including a survey consisting of 109 outcome statements and a series of focus groups with faculty representatives from the prelicensure degree programs. FindingsUnexpected findings showed few differences between ADN, BSN, and MSN Entry nursing program faculty perceptions regarding their program graduates' ability to meet the expected competencies. Faculty were not surprised that few differences emerged. Barriers like overloaded curricula, the necessity of prioritizing teaching specific components of nursing content for NCLEX, and competing priorities were faculty concerns. ConclusionsA comprehensive examination of all BSN and MSN entry knowledge not included in the NCLEX-RN is suggested for students, nurse residents, and professional nurses, delineating entry-level and ongoing minimal core competencies expected of a competent professional nurse. Results support the development of a competency-based education framework to clearly communicate learning and performance expectations among the varying degree programs.

Exploring translanguaging practices in synchronous and asynchronous online-instructed first-year academic literacy interventions

While studies in translanguaging pedagogy – intermixing languages fluidly for meaning-making to learn and teach – have focused on understanding its efficacy and viability in promoting learning success in multilingual contexts worldwide, learning through online platforms is becoming increasingly popular. However, little information exists on creating translanguaging spaces for multilingual students in digitally mediated literacy learning in English-monolingual-oriented African university settings. The current study investigates how online resources can be harnessed for first-year translanguaging literacy pedagogy interventions using linguistically fluid, online methods to develop academic reading-for-writing in a university in South Africa, where multilingualism is a norm, but English dominates. The study investigated the productive use and efficacy of translanguaging practices online by adopting a mixed-methods approach with a test design to explore digital-based translingual literacy pedagogy. The quasi-experimental research draws on sociocultural, connectivism and translanguaging fluidity frameworks. Results show that translanguaging in digitalised literacy education, which involves the added flexibility of connectivism in online learning, is effective and improves academic literacy performance. Findings affirm that online translanguaging can enhance the understanding, summarising and paraphrasing of complex theoretical concepts from academic English texts, and is a valuable asset that can help students in online multilingual classrooms develop academic literacy.

Variables and Dynamics of the Middle Eastern System

Background This study explores the transformative impact of three significant events on the Middle Eastern regional system: the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the Arab Spring of 2011, and the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel. These events have altered the regional balance, leading to an evolving, complex, and multi-polar system. This research assesses the role of both state and non-state actors, examining their influence on the region’s stability and overall structure. Methods Employing a mixed-method approach that combines area studies and international relations (IR) theory, this study examines the regional power dynamics using twelve indicators to assess hard and soft power, including economic, military, and socio-political metrics. The analysis positions regional actors within a multi-tiered structure, evaluating the interplay between internal and external influences to explain the current distribution of power. Results The study finds that the Middle Eastern system has developed into a hierarchical yet anarchic structure, characterized by a competitive and multi-polar power distribution. Although external actors, such as the United States, continue to play pivotal roles, regional powers – including Saudi Arabia, Israel, Turkey, and Iran – exert significant influence, leading to an inherently unstable system. This dynamic interplay fosters competition and limits cooperative stability. Conclusion The findings suggest that the Middle Eastern regional system’s volatility is rooted in this unique distribution of power, where continuous struggles among actors contribute to persistent instability. Understanding these dynamics is essential for assessing future developments and potential stability within the region.

Assessing the Gap: Resource Efficiency of Institutionalised Elderly Care in Urban and Rural China

ObjectivesThe allocation of resources in elderly care institutions is directly linked to the well-being, quality of life and sustainable development of public health for the elderly. However, a disparity in elderly care resources between urban and rural areas exists. Therefore, this study aimed to explore resource allocation efficiency in China's urban and rural institutional elderly care. Study DesignEmploying a mixed-methods approach, the research integrated quantitative analysis with spatial-temporal assessments to investigate spatial-temporal evolution patterns of resource allocation efficiency. MethodsA Projection Pursuit Evaluation Model (PPM) utilising an Accelerated Genetic Algorithm was applied to measure the input and output of urban and rural elderly care institutions. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to visualise the static and dynamic efficiency. Spatial analysis techniques determined the spatial evolution of resources. ResultsSignificant disparities in resource allocation between urban and rural areas were identified, with rural areas facing declining numbers of elderly care institutions despite having a larger ageing population. The efficiency analysis revealed room for improvement in both urban and rural settings, emphasising the need to strengthen management and technology in elderly care institutions. ConclusionsAddressing the challenges of elderly care in China requires policy reform, enhanced government support and stimulation of private investment, particularly in rural areas. A shift towards quality-focused elderly care and strategic investments is crucial for equitable and efficient service provision across China.

Impacts of Self-Harm Scars on Psychosocial Functioning, Quality of Life, and Recovery in People With Histories of Self-Harm: A Scoping Review

While much is known about non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), less is known about the impacts of scars resulting from previous self-harm. Since NSSI scars cannot be removed completely, they can affect psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and overall recovery from self-harm, which clinicians must be aware of in practice. A preliminary search of the self-harm scar literature revealed that no existing scoping review particular to the psychosocial, quality of life, and recovery impacts of NSSI scars has been undertaken. This scoping review aimed to address the research gap and assess the extent of empirical literature specific to the topic. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and methodological recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute were used as a guide. Four database searches returned 227 potential studies, from which 19 were included and one additional study sourced after screening their references. A total of 20 studies were finally included in the review. Various psychosocial, quality of life, and recovery impacts of NSSI scars were identified, highlighting stigma and shame as prominent among a majority of negative experiences. However, data also indicated some people may experience NSSI scarring more positively. Results support utilising a compassionate, person-centred approach to address the unique needs of individuals who have NSSI scars. Additional implications for practice are discussed. Future research on NSSI scars is warranted, such as exploring intersections of population and scar characteristics that may contribute to diverse experiences and outcomes. Utilising qualitative or mixed methods approaches in future studies may also be beneficial.

Seeking consensus on physician leadership development in rural and remote Indonesian primary care settings: a Delphi study.

This study aims to formulate a consensus on primary care physicians' leadership competencies tailored to Indonesia's rural and remote health systems using the LEADS framework. Effective physician leaders are essential in these settings; however, many physicians lack the necessary leadership qualifications due to insufficient training. From a medical education perspective, this issue is further compounded by the lack of consensus on leadership course content. The study used a mixed-method approach with a concurrent triangulation strategy. Concurrently, a two-round Delphi study and qualitative interviews were conducted. The Delphi study involved academics, rural and remote primary care physicians, intern doctors (similar to house officers), clerks and medical students and used descriptive analysis. Semi-structured interviews, guided by an interview guide, were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. From the initial 62 LEADS framework statements, the authors identified 52 physician leadership attributes in round 1 and 41 attributes in round 2. Qualitative interviews revealed three main themes: the significance of physician leadership, the physician leadership curriculum and its potential and impact. The study established consensus and provided scholarly insights into the leadership development necessary for primary care physicians in rural and remote areas. This is essential for developing Indonesia's medical leadership curriculum, with the ultimate goal of improving health outcomes in these settings.

Do brand coolness and brand romance synchronize with sustainability? Insights from a mixed-method approach

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the synchronization sustainability has with coolness and how promotion of sustainable fashion can be dealt in an ameliorate way. It also provides insights to the fashion brands on how they can engage customers through brand coolness and romance for meliorated bottom and top lines.Design/methodology/approachIt employs a mixed-method approach through the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. For qualitative part, data are garnered through in-depth interviews (n = 23) with sustainable brand owners, marketers, academicians, bloggers and influencers having different roles to play in the strategizing sustainability, slow fashion and consciousness amongst Gen Z. On the other hand, quantitative data are collected from apparel shoppers (n = 688) through structured questionnaire.FindingsThe qualitative data transcribed are analysed through NVivo, and findings received in this regard limns that sustainable fashion to be embellished as cool. Moreover, brand coolness has a relationship with sustainable fashion, emotional attachment factor such as brand romance affect purchase intention of sustainable fashion clothing. Furthermore, brand romance is identified as a mediating variable between brand coolness and purchase intention of sustainable clothing.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study is that with a structured interview, the respondents could not be asked to freely associate “anything related to cool”, rather they were directly asked to “define cool” and tell whether “they think sustainability in fashion can be stated as cool”. Without this constrain, the result could have been possibly being different. Moreover, the participants for the quantitative study were from developing countries which leads to limited generalizability of research findings.Practical implicationsThis research attempts to develop an understanding of sustainable fashion so that brand managers can face the present challenges in a better way. The findings in this attempt of ours suggest that the sustainable fashion can be better employed only when both customers and brands are acting responsible. To make customers purchase the brands, the organizations must connect consumers through coolness and romance towards their brand.Originality/valueWhen there is dearth of literature on the association sustainability has with coolness, the present study holds originality in adding to the literature on the pertinent aspect. Besides this, the present study addresses the lack of an academic understanding of literature on sustainable fashion in its own way through conduct of in-depth interviews with experts working in the area of sustainable fashion and then validating the same by surveying the Gen Z buyers of sustainable clothes.

A Study on Opinions of Elementary School Teachers on NCF-2023

This study explores the opinions of elementary school teachers on the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023, with a specific focus on its application at the foundational stage of education. The NCF 2023, introduced by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), aims to revolutionize the Indian education system by promoting a learner-centric, competency-based approach that emphasizes experiential, play-based learning and holistic child development. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and in-depth interviews with elementary school teachers from various regions, the study investigates teachers' perceptions, challenges, and readiness for the adoption of the NCF 2023 framework. The findings reveal a broad support for the framework’s emphasis on experiential learning, inclusivity, and cognitive development. However, teachers express concerns over the adequacy of training, resources, and institutional support required for successful implementation. The study also highlights the need for continuous professional development and greater clarity in the curriculum guidelines to ensure that the NCF’s principles are effectively integrated into classroom practices. This research contributes valuable insights into the practical implications of NCF 2023 and underscores the importance of addressing the challenges faced by teachers to achieve its goals at the foundational stage. Keywords: National Curriculum Framework, NCF 2023, elementary education, foundational stage, teacher perceptions, play-based learning, competency-based education, experiential learning.

Innovative Financial Models for Sustainable Investment in Zanzibar’s Blue Economy: Challenges and Opportunities

This paper explores the financial models applicable to the blue economy sectors in Zanzibar, focusing on innovative ways to finance marine-based economic activities. The study aims to assess various financing models such as traditional bank financing, microfinance, impact investing, crowdfunding, and government grants, examining their applicability, strengths, weaknesses, and feasibility within Zanzibar's unique context. This study used a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative case studies to analyze financial models for Zanzibar's blue economy. A purposive sample of 163 knowledgeable stakeholders—including representatives from financial institutions, government agencies, NGOs, entrepreneurs, and community leaders—was selected to capture diverse perspectives. Through a survey of 163 stakeholders, the research identifies microfinance as the most accessible and feasible model for small-scale and community-driven marine activities. The paper further discusses the challenges of financing the blue economy, including high upfront costs, limited access to traditional financing, and the need for comprehensive policy support. By analyzing case studies from other small island developing states, the study draws lessons on best practices for sustainable blue economy financing. The findings suggest that a combination of financial mechanisms is crucial for addressing the diverse needs of Zanzibar's blue economy, promoting growth, and ensuring the conservation of marine resources. The paper concludes by advocating for an integrated financial ecosystem that leverages both traditional and innovative financing models, policy reforms, and strategic partnerships to foster sustainable development in Zanzibar's blue economy.

Strategies for Strengthening Character Education in Islamic Boarding Schools Through Extracurricular Activities

This study examines the role of extracurricular activities at Al Falah Islamic Boarding School in strengthening student character and the strategies implemented to achieve this goal. Employing qualitative methods such as interviews with key stakeholders and direct observations, the research highlights the significant impact of activities like scouting, Pagar Nusa martial arts, Palang Merah Remaja, rebana, and calligraphy in fostering values such as discipline, leadership, and empathy among students. Key strategies include embedding character values into the extracurricular curriculum, training program managers, diversifying activities to enhance student participation, and garnering support from families and communities. The findings reveal that structured and purposeful extracurricular programs effectively contribute to students’ character development. Leadership activities, humanitarian involvement, and cultural preservation impact essential values. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, including small sample size, focus on a single institution, and lack of analysis across different age groups, student levels, or gender. The reliance on qualitative methods also suggests the need for further research involving broader and more varied samples, exploration of diverse educational settings, and a mixed-methods approach. These findings underscore the potential of extracurricular activities as a strategic avenue for character education in Islamic boarding schools.

The Geopolitical Implications of the TAPI Pipeline for Regional Stability in Afghanistan

This paper analyzes the geopolitical and economic significance of the TAPI (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) pipeline and its implications for Afghanistan’s economic development and regional stability. The study focuses on how the TAPI project offers Afghanistan significant financial benefits, including transit fees, energy independence, job creation, and infrastructure development. It also explores the strategic importance of Afghanistan as a key transit country and the geopolitical challenges posed by regional rivalries, particularly between India and Pakistan. The role of global powers such as the United States, Russia, and China in shaping the pipeline’s success is critically assessed. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach to comprehensively analyze the geopolitical and economic implications of the TAPI pipeline for Afghanistan’s regional stability. Qualitative methods include document analysis, reviewing government reports, policy briefs, and academic literature concerning the TAPI project. Quantitative data on transit fees, job creation, and projected gas revenues are gathered from governmental and organizational sources such as the Asian Development Bank and the Afghan Ministry of Mines. Case studies of similar pipeline projects (e.g., Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Nord Stream) are used for comparative analysis. This mixed-methods approach provides a holistic understanding of TAPI's potential for fostering stability or exacerbating regional tensions.

Effectiveness of social media-based collaborative learning on student engagement and learning outcomes: a field study

This study aims to analyze how social media-based collaborative learning affects learning outcomes and student involvement in higher education in Odisha, India. Using a mixed-methods approach, 200 undergraduate students from four different colleges were selected randomly. Over the course of a semester, participants used well-known social media platforms for collaborative learning activities. Semi-structured interviews, academic performance records, social media activity logs, and pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were used to collect data. The findings revealed a strong positive association (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) between student engagement and social media-based collaborative learning. In addition, compared to a control group, students who engaged in social media-based collaborative learning shown a 15% increase in their academic performance. Qualitative data showed that students were more motivated, had better digital literacy, and engaged with social media activity. Challenges including possible distractions and privacy issues were also noted by the research. These results imply that, with the right policies and support systems in place, incorporating social media-based collaborative learning into Odisha's higher education might enhance student engagement and learning outcomes.

Intention to Recommend Tourism Destination on Social Media for Tourists in Thailand

Nowadays, the Internet community is very important in every organization, especially in tourism. Thai tourism should promote destinations by using social media to highlight the uniqueness of each area. The objective is to find the intention to recommend tourism destinations in Thailand using the social media. This research uses a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative data was gathered by email from 21 experts. A consensus of 21 experts used a rough set of Delphi. The quantitative research obtained data from a total of 800 sample tourists who recommended various tourism destinations. The result of this study found eight factors, such as information quality, perceived usefulness, push travel motivations, pull travel motivations, overall satisfaction, trust, customer loyalty, and intention to recommend. The benefit of this research is that Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) should implement the factor of intention to recommend.

The Impact of Educational Information Systems on Learning Accessibility in Higher Education

This study explores the impact of educational information systems on enhancing learning accessibility in higher education, as digital tools increasingly become integral to academic support, and student engagement. The main objective is to assess how these systems improve access to learning resources and facilitate communication, particularly for students from diverse backgrounds and with varying educational needs. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative analysis of accessibility metrics with qualitative insights from surveys and interviews with students and faculty across different higher education institutions. The findings show that educational information systems significantly enhance learning accessibility by providing flexible access to resources, facilitating real-time feedback, and supporting personalized learning paths. These systems also improve student engagement by enabling convenient access to materials and fostering a collaborative learning environment that accommodates different learning styles. However, the study identifies several barriers, including gaps in digital literacy, usability challenges, and unequal access to the necessary infrastructure, which can limit the effectiveness of these systems in reaching all students equally. Additionally, concerns around data privacy and system complexity are noted as areas needing attention to build user trust and ensure smoother system integration. The study concludes that while educational information systems hold great promise for improving accessibility and inclusivity in higher education, addressing these barriers through targeted training, digital equity initiatives, and robust data protection policies is essential for maximizing their potential. These insights offer valuable guidance for educational institutions aiming to create more inclusive learning environments through strategic integration of educational information systems.

Setting the game plan: an international Delphi study on evaluating a population-wide youth sports financial incentive

BackgroundChildren and adolescents’ physical inactivity is a global problem. Financial incentives are increasingly utilised to support children’s participation in sport, with programs introduced in multiple jurisdictions globally, however few programs have comprehensive evaluations. This study used a Delphi methodology to develop evaluation recommendations for an existing population-wide financial incentive program based in South Australia.MethodsA three-round Delphi study was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023. A diverse range of stakeholders including end-users, government representatives, academics/researchers, and Non-Government Organisation representatives participated in the Delphi panel. Round 1 focussed on the perceived importance of various evaluation components, including reach, process, and effectiveness. Round 2 focussed on identifying evaluation approaches and tools, while Round 3 determined methodological priorities and timeframes. A consensus level of ≥ 70% was set a priori (rating 6 or 7 on 7-point scale). Round 3 results were used to formulate evaluation recommendations.ResultsSixty-seven stakeholders agreed to participate, with an average response rate of 76% (87%; 73% and 67% for each round, respectively). All evaluation components gained consensus in Round 1. In Round 2, consensus was gained on 14 evaluation measures, including measuring the cost of sport, awareness of the program amongst eligible families, and reasons for non-participation, with evaluation methods generated for each measure. Round 3 results determined participants’ preferred methods of evaluation and informed the development of evaluation recommendations. Recommended evaluation methods included mixed method approaches for provider and user process evaluations and measuring program awareness using an epidemiological survey.ConclusionThis Delphi study sought the views and opinions from diverse stakeholders to create evaluation recommendations for a population-wide sports voucher program. Results suggested that a comprehensive evaluation strategy is needed to understand the reach, effectiveness, and impact of the program. Additionally, there was a consensus on reallocating program funds for this evaluation.