Nitrate fertilization with biochar simultaneously enhanced arsenic immobilization and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from an organic carbon-enriched paddy soil

From syngas to food - high-moisture extrusion of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein into fibrous meat analogues.

Valorization of phosphogypsum into carbon-neutral lime for soil lead immobilization

Global warming significantly influences microbial ecosystems by altering temperature-dependent processes. Temperature modulates phage life cycle transitions, host interactions, and ecological distribution, thereby affecting microbial community dynamics and carbon fluxes. Notably, phages may mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through mechanisms such as enhanced methane oxidation via phage-encoded pmoC genes and viral shunting, which alters carbon sequestration in marine environments. While extensive studies have examined bacterial responses to temperature shifts, the specific role of bacteriophages (phages) under rising temperature conditions has rarely been considered. This review highlights the impact of rising temperatures on phage biology, including viral decay, adsorption, burst size, latency period, and virus-induced host mortality. Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting microbial responses to climate change and harnessing phage-based strategies to reduce global warming. Moreover, this review underscores the need for targeted research on phage ecology under thermal stress to better estimate their role in global climate feedback systems.

Urban park metagenomics highlights sediments as a potential hotspot for CH4 and N2O emission across diverse habitats.

Applying the polluter-pays principle to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in shipping: potential and challenges

Novel PAU zeolite with enhanced working capacity for waste-heat-driven temperature swing adsorption CO₂ capture

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mediated by Functional Microbial Dynamics under Optimized Composting Condition.

Simultaneous mitigation of reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions in livestock systems is a critical challenge for sustainable food production. Here we conduct a meta-analysis of over 3,000 empirical observations to assess the mitigation performance of integrated technologies within livestock farms. Mitigation options are categorized into low-cost and easily scalable technologies and precision-integrated technologies, with the latter performing better by reducing reactive nitrogen and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by two-fifths and one-third, respectively. High-efficacy hotspots emerged in North America, Europe and East and Southeast Asia. Beyond current practices, a transition towards an integrated management framework centred on enclosed manure-treatment systems offers further reductions of over half for reactive nitrogen and two-thirds for non-CO2 greenhouse gas by 2050. Meeting net-zero targets will require sustained capture of almost three-quarters of CO2 from these systems. These findings highlight the critical role of integrated approaches for advancing sustainable and climate-resilient livestock production systems.

New insights into nitrous oxide-driven anaerobic methane oxidation mediated by Methylococcales and Gemmatimonadales.

Metabolism and engineering of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria for carbon dioxide fixation.

Interplay of quorum-sensing signals (homoserine lactone/penicillic acid) and nitrate in regulating microbial processes: As(III) immobilization, CH4 and N2O emission in constructed wetlands.

Leveraging renewable energy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Iran

Here, we explore the potential of a hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), where suspended biomass and a biofilm co-occur, to remove remnant concentrations of dissolved methane and ammonium in anaerobic effluents. A combination of long-term reactor operation, in situ batch tests, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing confirmed the coexistence and spatial arrangement of three microbial populations in this hybrid system. These three microbial populations include the coupling of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria, which collectively were able to promote the removal of dissolved methane, a greenhouse gas, and the removal of ammonium present in anaerobically treated wastewater. Once steady-state operation was reached, the system demonstrated dissolved methane removal efficiency of 99% and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with ammonium and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 90 and 65%, respectively. Similarly, metaproteomics analysis under steady-state conditions showed expression patterns of key nitrogen- and methane-related enzymes at different zones of the hybrid MABR. Additionally, 15N tracer experiments revealed the production of 29N2, suggesting that nitrosation or nitrifier-denitrification processes may play an important role in the nitrogen loss when methane is the only organic carbon source added to the system. These results are useful for developing and optimizing strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen-related issues in reclaimed water.

Wetlands are essential environments for the regulation of the nitrogen cycle by the rapid conversion of different forms of nitrogen at the border of land and water. This study examines the biogeochemical processes that describe nitrogen cycling by nitrification, denitrification and ammonification processes, and also the role of wetlands in nutrient retention, water quality improvement, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation. This study examines the role of wetlands in the regulation of nitrogen, and the conversion of nitrogen by removal of excess nitrogen that can lead to eutrophication. For the study, a mixture of field sampling, hydrological monitoring, and microbial monitoring were utilized to study wetland nitrogen cycling across different hydrological and seasonal conditions. The study reveals that the nitrogen cycles change in a seasonal pattern and are driven by hydrological conditions including water-level, ground water flow, and tidal cycles. Sites were also monitored and sampled for nitrate and those that had higher nitrates were considered at risk for eutrophication. Some of the statistical analyses emphasized the role of microbes on the control of nitrogen cycling and the ways in which hydrological conditions modulate microbial processes on nitrogen cycling. Ammonium concentrations were measured at 0.45 mg N/L while the corresponding standard deviation was 0.15. For nitrate, the measured average was 1.15 mg N/L and had a higher standard deviation (0.30) meaning the nitrate was higher in its fluctuating external conditions. The study identifies the interactions between hydrological conditions, microbial growth, and nitrogen cycling in wetlands describing its resilience to the changed environmental conditions. The results can improve the management of wetlands, especially for restoration that aims towards the elevation of nitrogen removal and enhancement of the environmental conditions.

Flooding poses a growing threat to global food security in a warming climate, yet a critical gap remains in quantifying flood-induced agricultural losses, hindering the design of effective adaptations to potential food crises. Here, we present a methodological framework for projecting crop losses from flooding, using a flooding stress algorithm to refine yield simulations from existing crop models. This approach ensures that simulated yield reductions for maize, soybean, and wheat align with observations in the United States and demonstrates strong agreement between estimated and reported flood-induced crop losses both in the United States and globally. Future flood-induced losses, which were substantially underestimated in the original simulations, are projected to be comparable to or even exceed drought-induced losses in many regions and exhibit distinct spatial and temporal patterns. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions helps reduce these risks. This framework provides a robust basis for assessing agricultural vulnerability to flood shocks and guiding strategies to safeguard food supplies under climate change.

Brazil is the main coffee producer in the world. However, the impacts of climate change driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions pose a major challenge for agriculture in tropical regions. This study established a GHG inventory of coffee production on farms in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a two-year period, adopting a cradle-to-farm-gate approach. It considered scopes 1 and 2 emissions from on-farm activities. The emission inventories were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies adapted for Brazilian conditions. The emissions were categorized in direct and biogenic and by area (in hectares) and production (kg of coffee). Electricity consumption, fossil fuel use, wood burning and fertilizer application were considered. Direct total emissions ranged from 2617 to 6211 t CO2e, 2.67 to 3.81 t CO2e ha−1, and from 1.52 to 4.59 kg CO2e kg−1 of coffee. Biogenic emissions ranged from 336 to 4955 t CO2e, 0.28 to 2.95 t CO2e ha−1, and from 0.32 to 2.21 kg CO2e kg−1 of coffee. Urea-based nitrogen fertilizers were the main source of direct emission and wood burning was the main source of biogenic emission. Management practices such as applying non-urea-based fertilizers, adjusting nitrogen rates according to soil analyses and manual harvesting contributed to mitigating GHG emissions. The observed emission intensities were consistent with other reported values for Brazilian coffee production. Further reductions may be achieved by adopting agroforestry systems, increasing coffee straw retention in the soil and replacing urea with alternative nitrogen sources, including slow-release fertilizers and urease-inhibitor technologies.

Modeling the impact of food wastes disposers on biological wastewater treatment intensification technologies.

Intensive nitrogen (N) fertilization in Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz. forests increases productivity but also accelerates nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, posing a challenge to balancing forest yield with environmental sustainability. Silicon (Si), a beneficial element for bamboo, has emerged as a potential regulator of soil nitrogen (N) cycling, but its role in controlling N2O emissions in forest ecosystems is not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a factorial pot experiment using P. edulis forest soil, with data collected over two years, but only the second-year results were analyzed, with controlled N (0, 80, and 160 mg kg−1) and Si (0, 25, and 50 mg kg−1) additions. The experiment lasted two years, but only the second-year data were used for analysis. We investigated how Si affected soil inorganic N dynamics, enzyme activities, plant growth, and cumulative N2O emissions. Si addition significantly reduced N-induced N2O emissions by up to 53%, with the strongest mitigation observed under moderate N input (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). This effect was associated with lower activities of AMO, NaR, and NiR, together with reduced availability of oxidized N substrates, indicating that Si mitigated N2O emissions mainly by constraining upstream N transformation processes rather than by directly suppressing N2O fluxes. Si addition also tended to promote plant biomass accumulation. These findings suggest that integrating Si fertilization into bamboo forest management may help improve nutrient use efficiency while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

Global warming is causing climate change (CC) characterized by increased frequency of heatwaves, droughts, erratic rains, hailstorms, cloudbursts, floods, landslides etc. The CC has already adversely affected ecosystems. In spite of efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, which lead to warming, the global temperature during 2011-2020 was 1.1C above that during pre-industrial era. The projections are that warming will continue to increase and adverse effects will intensify particularly in developing countries like India. In India a number of studies have recorded wide spatial variability in rainfall, though, many reported a general overall negative trend since mid-20th century. Further, varying pattern of rainfall has been recorded in three agroclimatic regions of Punjab state, the granary of India. Unseasonal rains followed by spiked temperature during rabi 2021-22 reduced wheat yield In Punjab by 651 kg/ha and by 301 kg/ha in Haryana compared to 2020-21. Further, the grain was of lower quality. During kharif 2022, Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus, appeared for the first time in Punjab and Haryana. Some farmers ploughed the affected fields. Adverse weather during rabi 2022-23 also, reduced wheat yield (143-150 kg/ha) in these states. At the national level, erratic weather during rabi 2021-22 and kharif 2022 caused loss about 3 mt of grain of each of wheat and rice. The projected increased adverse effects due to intensified CC include food insecurity. Thus, there is an emergent need to accelerate implementation of adaptation and mitigation strategies in agriculture. Conservation agriculture conserves land and water resources, environment and biodiversity, reduces heat and drought stresses, captures carbon and improves soil health. The adaptation options include cultivar improvement, altering growing seasons, crop diversification, and sustainable soil and water resource management. In the process of adaptive management of crop production, adjusting sowing dates and breeding cultivars having varying duration in consonance with CC has been one of the central aspects. Shifting sowing dates to find appropriate crop cultivation season is a low-cost measure. However, cultivar development is time and resource consuming. Novel biotechnological tools enable fast cultivar development with precision, and facilitate mobilization of genes in wild-weedy relatives, which are rich in genes conferring resistance/tolerance to biotic and biotic stresses, required to combat CC challenge. In view of CC stress on water resources, improving water use efficiency has gained importance. Sensor-based micro-irrigation/fertigation has great potential to enhance water and fertilizer use efficiency. Similarly, the application of other smart technologies like nanotechnology, sensor-based pesticide application, bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides, need to be mobilised. In view of agro-ecological diversity in India, right-sized region-specific technology packages have to be developed implying that crop research will expand exponentially. This needs strengthening of human resources and institutional infrastructure, expanding and linking basic and applied researches, and fortifying inter-disciplinary/inter-institutional collaborations to develop and diffuse technology innovations. Enabling factors include enhanced funding and international cooperation. All out efforts are needed to have more climate-resilient agriculture.