Participation Of Minority Groups Research Articles

Abstract P024: Participation, barriers, and facilitators of cancer screening among sexual and gender minority groups: a scoping review

Abstract Background: Sexual and gender minority populations are at higher risk for certain cancers but less likely to engage with preventive healthcare such as cancer screening services. Despite this, the barriers, and facilitators to cancer screening among this population are not well understood. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE articles published between January 2001 and April 2021 related to sexual and gender minority group participation in cancer screening, as well as barriers and facilitators to participation. The search yielded 3,058 results and, following abstract and full-text screening, 51 quantitative and qualitative studies were included in the final synthesis. Results: When compared to their heterosexual counterparts, sexual minority women were less likely to participate in cervical cancer screening and mammography, while sexual minority men were more likely to participate in anal and colorectal cancer screening. Transgender individuals had lower rates of screening than cisgender individuals for all cancer types. Barriers to participation were found at the individual-, provider-, and administrator-levels. Individual-level factors included lack of knowledge about screening, fear of pain and embarrassment, and a fear of results (which could be both a negative and positive factor for screening participation). Not disclosing sexual orientation or gender identity to a healthcare provider was a barrier to screening participation, where perceived or previous experiences with discrimination from healthcare providers was an important factor in deciding whether to disclose. Lack of provider knowledge and use of (mis)gendered or heteronormative language by providers were significant barriers to screening and prevented patients from disclosing their identity. The strongest administrative barrier was a lack of LGBTQ-inclusive documentation and physical environments in healthcare. Conclusions: Our findings provide insights into how participation rates for sexual and gender minorities in cancer screening can be improved. Patient-centered approaches should draw on core guiding principles to inform the provision of sexual and gender minority care, including anticipating sexual and gender minority patients (including establishing a safe space for sexual and gender minority patients), improving knowledge about care for these patients, and confronting individually held biases that may affect care, to improve care experiences and participation rates in preventive services. Citation Format: Emily Heer, Cheryl Peters, Rod Knight, Lin Yang, Liam Sutherland, Steven J. Heitman. Participation, barriers, and facilitators of cancer screening among sexual and gender minority groups: a scoping review. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P024.

A experiência da inclusão: o primeiro edital de longa-metragem com cotas de gênero e raça na Agência Nacional do Cinema do Brasil

In March 2018, the Brazilian National Film Agency - ANCINE announces a call for the financing of featurelength films with an originality: quotas for cisgender or transsexual/transvestite women directors and black or indigenous people. In addition to the traditional regional quotas providing for 30% of the financial resources for the North, Northeast and Central-West regions and 10% for the South region and the state of Espírito Santo, it was included the participation of minority groups in a national call for production support through resources from the Audiovisual Sectorial Fund - FSA, a modality of direct investment. The income of this national fund is delivered via CONDECINE - Contribution for the Development of the National Film Industry, a tax paid by several Brazilian audiovisual sectors whose application is exclusive in the market. That’s why currently it is said that the incoming resources of FSA are self-generated. The call for production support in question presented resources of 100 million reais divided into two modalities: one focused on fiction, documentary and animation feature-length films, without distinction of commercial or artistic objectives; and another focused on feature length fiction, documentary and animation films with an emphasis on an authorial profile and evident artistic purposes. Within the total, a minimum of 45% were directed to quotas. The purpose of this communication is to present the process that led to the decision to include quotas registered from the registration in the minutes of the Management Committee of the Audiovisual Sectorial Fund meetings; the selection’s criteria of projects based on the public call for selective subsidies; and the results achieved. The results will be analyzed not only from the perspective of final approval, but also by evaluating the current state of the films. The assessment gains importance not only from the point of view of the unprecedentedness - it was the first time in 10 years of the FSA operation in which minority quotas were considered - but also from the current political situation in Brazil in which the inclusion agenda is questioned.

Urban space living in a changing city: sidewalks of Curitiba / Espaço urbano viver numa cidade em mudança: calçadas de Curitiba

This article aims to discuss the experience of the urban space, focusing on the conditions for pedestrian circulation, in the use of sidewalks, in Curitiba-PR, Brazil. In this city, as well as in the rest of the country, the use of public space is changing due to several factors, among them, the following stand out: the aging of the population and the greater participation of minority groups in decisions regarding public space, such as pedestrian groups. There was a problematic situation consisting of urban spaces designed primarily for automobiles, making it difficult for pedestrians to use such space or even preventing it in many cases. From this problem, it is questioned how the pedestrian, in three points of view, is using the sidewalks in Curitiba: a) the risks of being trampled; b) accessibility; and c) in terms of constructions and design quality. The assumption adopted is that the use of urban space by the pedestrian is a fundamental factor for sustainability by providing the practices of living and collective enjoyment of the same, by establishing relationships of sociability, physical exercises, recreation and leisure. The methodology used was based on the collection of information from municipal public agencies and bibliographical review of literature and academic research, using some categories of analysis: the public user; the building pattern; environmental conditions and municipal management practices. An analysis was made of the Strategic Plan of Sidewalks (PlanCal) of Curitiba and also the legislation regarding the construction and maintenance of public tours. The preliminary results showed that, in a city where the public transportation system was modeled on the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) model, there is currently a high rate of individual motorization, the highest growth between 2001 and 2014 in the metropolitan Brazilian Regions areas, and an attention to the pedestrian that demands greater detailing and prioritization of work, investments and maintenance. Among the difficulties for the pedestrian are the following: the risks of being run over; low quality of accessibility; and problems in the execution and maintenance of the public tours, besides the need to expand the spaces destined to walking. This paper was originally published at Changing Cities 3rd International Conference on Changing Cities: Spatial, Design, Landscape & Socio-economic Dimensions- 2017. Here is published an update version.

EP507: Patients’ reasons for genetic testing refusal in cancer evaluations: An analysis of the literature and opportunities to educate

eP507: Patients’ reasons for genetic testing refusal in cancer evaluations: An analysis of the literature and opportunities to educate

A Systematic Literature Review of Anti-Discrimination Design Strategies in the Digital Sharing Economy

Applications of the Digital Sharing Economy (DSE), such as Uber, Airbnb, and TaskRabbit, have become a main facilitator of economic growth and shared prosperity in modern-day societies. However, recent research has revealed that the participation of minority groups in DSE activities is often hindered by different forms of bias and discrimination. Evidence of such behavior has been documented across almost all domains of DSE, including ridesharing, lodging, and freelancing. However, little is known about the underlying design decisions of DSE platforms which allow certain demographics of the market to gain unfair advantage over others. To bridge this knowledge gap, in this paper, we systematically synthesize evidence from 58 interdisciplinary studies to identify the pervasive discrimination concerns affecting DSE platforms along with their triggering features and mitigation strategies. Our objective is to consolidate such interdisciplinary evidence from a software design point of view. Our results show that existing evidence is mainly geared towards documenting and mitigating issues of racism and sexism affecting platforms of ridesharing, lodging, and freelancing. Our review further shows that discrimination concerns in the DSE market are commonly enabled by features of user profiles and commonly impact reputation systems.

Представництво національних меншин Польщі в органах державної влади

The question of the participation of all the public groups of the country in representative bodies of all levels is relevant to any state. However, the most difficult task is to represent the representative body of interests of national minorities. Different countries have come up with a different solution to this issue. The problem of the representation of national minorities in the authorities is for both traditionally multi-ethnic states and for countries that are reasonably homogeneous in the ethnic plan. This problem will persist as long as there are nations, nationalities, national minorities. People always seek to identify themselves with a particular community, and national identification is the most acceptable. The threat of assimilation of national minorities greatly enhances the desire to preserve its national identity, which always goes into the area of political relations and the need for political decision-making. This article analyzes the current problem of representation of national minorities in the legislative bodies of the Republic of Poland. The aim of the study was to analyze the participation of minority groups in the political (in particular, electoral) process of the state through the formation of ethnic elites and ethnopolitical parties. To complete the selected topic, the following tasks were set: to substantiate the place and the role of national minorities in the socio-political life of the state, to analyze the creation of political parties by individual national minorities and their participation in parliamentary and municipal elections. It is concluded that at the present stage all nationalities living in Poland are disproportionately represented in the state legislative bodies.

Belief, Covariates, and Impact of the “Undetectable = Untransmittable” Message Among People Living with HIV in Australia

There is effectively no risk of transmission of HIV from an HIV-positive person with consistent undetectable viral load (UDVL) to an HIV-negative person during sex. This has been publicly disseminated by an international health campaign called "undetectable = untransmittable" (U = U). This study extends previous research by examining confidence in the U = U message and potential covariates of confidence in U = U, as well as by assessing the perceived personal risk and sexual outcomes in a sample of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Australia. Between October 2017 and June 2018, 139 adult PLWH were recruited through clinics or community-based strategies. They completed an online questionnaire assessing participant characteristics, general agreement with the U = U message, confidence in U = U as an effective HIV prevention strategy, perceived personal risk of onward transmission, and sexual outcomes. While the majority of participants (70.5%) agreed with the general U = U message, only 48.2% were confident in U = U as an effective HIV transmission prevention strategy across sexual situations. Lack of confidence in U = U was more pronounced in the community subsample, minority group participants, and lower educated participants. A minority of PLWH with self-reported UDVL thought they could pass on HIV and indicated poor sexual outcomes, including sexual inactivity, reduced frequency of sex, and reduced sexual satisfaction. General agreement with the U = U message among PLWH may mask lack of confidence in U = U. Community-based information and education tailored to culturally diverse groups and people with low health literacy are required to promote accurate perception of risk of transmission of HIV with consistent UDVL.

Primary Care Clinician and Clinic Director Experiences of Professional Bias, Harassment, and Discrimination in an Underserved Agricultural Region of California

Many rural and agricultural communities experience hardship from a shortage of clinicians. The aging of the clinician population threatens future supply in these areas. Developing policies to build a sustainable workforce requires the understanding of experiences from those currently in medical practice. Previous research about rural clinicians has primarily sampled non-Latinx white men, and to a lesser extent, non-Latinx white women; to date, no study has examined differences by race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender identity. To describe the professional experiences of a diverse group of primary care clinicians and clinic directors in an underserved rural and agricultural region of California. In this qualitative study, semistructured in-depth qualitative interviews were performed with clinicians and clinic directors from December 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, with a present or recent medical practice in the central San Joaquin Valley region of California. Participants (N = 26) consisted of physicians, nurse practitioners, and clinic directors practicing in primary care settings. Settings included solo and group private practice, academic training programs, community health centers, and rural health clinics. Personal experiences as primary care clinicians and clinic directors, and perceived associations with gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Of 26 primary care clinicians and clinic directors interviewed, 16 (62%) identified as female, 12 (46%) identified as non-Latinx white, and 3 (12%) identified as a member of a sexual and gender minority group. Participants who self-identified as female, nonwhite, and of certain sexual orientation and gender identity minority groups described burnout from bias, harassment, and hostility in their professional relationships with colleagues and health care staff. These experiences intensified their feelings of community isolation and professional isolation. Harassment and institutional discrimination were factors in the decision of participants to change practices or exit the region entirely. Discriminatory acts against members of sexual and gender minority groups were the most severe, including threats to licensure and denial of hospital admitting privileges. In contrast to the minority group participants, the remaining participants expressed little to no awareness of these negative experiences, or the association between these experiences and retention. Professional harassment and discrimination may hamper efforts to improve clinician and clinic director recruitment and retention in underserved rural and agricultural areas and may pose barriers to addressing health disparities within those communities. Additional investigation appears to be needed to assess the extent to which professional harassment and discrimination affect clinicians and clinic directors in similar communities across the United States.

PROGRAMA DE ORIENTAÇÃO A SURDOS PARA O EXAME DE INGRESSO À EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR

Discutir e problematizar a participação de grupos minoritários nos espaços de educacionais universitários exigirá o compromisso de romper as barreiras que impedem a participação social e a igualdade de acesso à Educação Superior. Com base nessa premissa, este artigo descreve os resultados de um programa de orientação do exame vestibular para o ingresso de estudantes surdos no Ensino Superior. Participaram do programa no total 29 surdos que concluíram o Ensino Médio e/ou que estão cursando o EJA – Ensino de Jovens e Adultos – que residiam no município de Marília/SP, no período de 2015-2017. As intervenções propostas no programa consistiram na oferta de atividades de orientação pedagógica sobre o exame vestibular da UNESP; e da apresentação do estrutura e funcionamento do Programa do Cursinho Alternativo, da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências de Marília (FFC/Marília). Os encontros foram realizados de forma recorrente, durante os dois meses que antecediam o prazo para a inscrição para os processos seletivos, nos anos mencionados. O programa priorizou temas que retratassem aspectos sobre as formas organizadas do exame para o ingresso à Universidade. Permitu, aos participantes que se reconhecessem na condição da deficiência, apreciar os requerimentos de atenção diferenciada e dialogar sobre os direitos de participação de todos no processo seletivo para o ingresso à Educação Superior.

Jewish heritage tourism in Bucharest: reality and visions

Heritage tourism linked with past or current cultural diversity and ethnic minorities has become a significant part of the tourism industry. This paper contributes to the discussion about heritage management related to niche tourism development and minority group participation. The specific theme of Jewish heritage tourism is analysed, particularly through the case of the present Jewish community of Bucharest. Empirical results are presented and discussed in order to understand how this community and the local tourist sector perceive the tourist potential of its heritage, and envisions its development. A reflection on the discourse behind the current and possible future management of Jewish legacy can thus contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of niche heritage tourism processes in former or present multi‐ethnic sites.

Levels of Participants Satisfaction with Initial Contact and Examination Visit: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

This study examined perceived satisfaction among Hispanic/Latino individuals who participated in a baseline examination for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a large cohort study of 16,415 adults living in four selected communities. An estimated 22% (n= 3,584) of participants completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction with staff attention, the overall experience during the study examination, and the influence of the informed consent digital video disc (DVD). The majority of participants who completed the questionnaire expressed overall satisfaction with the study. Most participants reported that staff were friendly, courteous and respectful and study test procedures were clearly explained. Participants who preferred to complete the interview in Spanish felt that the informed consent DVD positively influenced their ability to make an informed decision to enroll in the study. Participants who preferred to complete the interview in English tended to report that the baseline examination was longer than expected compared with participants who completed the interview in Spanish. Results demonstrate that culturally and linguistically trained staff and the use of the study's informed consent DVD were effective in explaining study procedures and positively influenced decisions to participate in the HCHS/SOL study. These results can inform recruitment and enrollment strategies for future participation of minority groups into longitudinal cohort studies.

Pathways to Advancing Aging Policy-Relevant Research in Academic Settings

Policy-level changes have a significant influence on the health and well-being of aging populations. Yet there is often a gap between scientific knowledge and policy action. Although previous research has identified barriers and facilitators to effective knowledge translation, little attention has been given to the role of academic institutions in knowledge generation. This exploratory focus group study examines barriers and pathways to developing and maintaining an aging policy-relevant research agenda in academic settings, and additional challenges associated with minority group membership in this pursuit. Participants were personally committed to conducting policy-relevant research despite institutional barriers such as fewer funding opportunities and less value attributed to their research, particularly in the context of tenure and promotion. Although many viewed their research as an opportunity to make a difference, especially for underserved older adult populations, a number of minority group participants expressed that their policy research interests were marginalized. Participants offer individual and institutional-level strategies for addressing barriers, including collaborating with community members and colleagues and engaging mentors within and outside of their academic institutions. Reframing the valuation of policy research through the diversification of funding and publishing opportunities can better support scholars engaged in aging policy-relevant research.

A Discussion on the inclusion of minorities and underserved populations in global health workforce

Program/Project Purpose: According to the 2011 report developed by the Committee on Underrepresented Groups and the Expansion of the Science and Engineering Workforce Pipeline and the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, “America is at a crossroads” in which greater national efforts to strengthen infrastructures of science must include the knowledge and talents of minority Americans. They believe inclusion of a variety of Americans will significantly enhance the sustainability of the nation, and at present such contributions are underrepresented in fields such as science and engineering. Concurrently, there is a lack of participation of minority groups in global health which inspired a partnership between the Consortium of Universities for Global Health and the Public Health Institute to develop the Global Health Engagement Initiative. Through this agreement, the collaborative has researched and produced data detailing the involvement of minority and underserved populations in global health academic programs and activities in universities and colleges across the United States and its Territories. The Initiative also specifically reached out to Minority-Serving Institutions to better understand the opportunities available to students through existing international programs as well as obstacles faced at individual and institutional levels that need to be addressed. This presentation will discuss these findings and offer recommendations for engagement of minorities in the field in global health. Funding: Consortium of Universities for Global Health and the Public Health Institute. Abstract #: CUGH001

Cities in Citizens’ Hands

We propose a new paradigm for public participation in urban planning, a field which presents significant challenges for public understanding and participation. Our approach is based on leveraging the rich diversity of meaning associated with cultural gestures, traditions, folklore, and rituals, and using them in augmented reality systems, in order for citizens’ to explore, understand, and communicate the complex, systemic ideas and concepts associated with urban planning. At an immediate level, this approach holds the potential for enabling increased public awareness of what is at stake in urban planning - both on the part of citizens and on the part of public officials, policy-makers, and decision-makers – and consequently enhancing understanding and improving participation in public life and citizenship. It may also open up a new field of research and development in human-computer interaction, to leverage the richness of meaning and modes of expression which exist in various cultures and societies, rather than ignoring them and imposing dumbed-down or prescribed command methods. Thus, it aims to facilitate new levels of empowerment of users in the use of digital systems and data. The active utilization of cultural meaning in gestures, rituals, and social practices may also support and promote better inclusion and participation of minority groups and migrant communities in contemporary, technology-rich life.

Who Participates in High School Career Academies?

In response to increasing high school graduation requirements along with emerging skills in the workforce, the focus of career academies has evolved from one of keeping students enrolled in high school through graduation to a more robust preparation for college and careers for all students. This new focus may have resulted in a demographic shift in the students participating in career academies. To that end, the purpose of this study was to describe the demographics of students who participated in career academies in one Southeastern school district over a six-year period from 2007 – 2012. Findings indicate that a gender gap continues to exist among career academies. Additionally, when compared to the population across the district's high schools, while the career academies are becoming more diverse, participation of minority groups in career academies still lags behind that of their Caucasian counterparts. Implications for administrators and future research opportunities are also articulated.

Active Citizenship in the UK: Assessing Institutional Political Strategies and Mechanisms of Civic Engagement

Shaping active citizenship, motivating civic engagement, and increasing political participation of minority groups have become some of the key political priorities in the UK since at least the end of the 1980s. Academic research shows that this shift goes hand-in-hand with a review of the integration policies in the country. The ‘politics of integration’ correspond in fact to a policy response to various social problems (such as discrimination, racism, intolerance) that emerged in various areas, and represent a new political discourse regarding active citizenship. This reflects an overall strategy meant to reframe the basis for civic and political engagement and participation in Britain. Our article is thus meant to highlight the dynamics underlying the development of the concept of active citizenship in the UK by looking at the factors that intervene in its shaping and enhancement. We identify political priorities and key mechanisms of participation that enable engagement in the public sphere. This article first considers the development of the specific ‘British discourse’ regarding active citizenship by taking into consideration the political priorities that emerged as part of the New Right discourse in the 1980s and then New Labour after 1997. We then refer to a set of data collected during our field work conducted in the UK between 2010 and 2011 with civil society activists and policy-makers in order to underline the meaning, practices, and feasibility of active citizenship.

Refocusing conservation through a cultural lens: Improving governance in the Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia

The Wakatobi National Park in eastern Indonesia offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of governance incentives in a national context characterised by uncoordinated policies and evolving conflicts over power and authority within government. Economic incentives resulting from strategic alliances between the public and private sector have been targeted towards enhanced regulation of fisheries and supporting tourism interests. However, the absence of coherent policies relating to tourism, which partly reflects contests over jurisdiction between national and local levels of government, opens up considerable potential for inappropriate forms of development. Furthermore, any incentives designed to facilitate governance should explicitly recognise the status of the Bajau, who constitute a key stakeholder group yet have been consistently marginalised through both state and NGO initiatives. The possible outcomes of ongoing decentralisation, which include enhanced government accountability, flexibility in developing regulations relating to marine resource use and greater participation of minority groups in decision-making, offer some prospect for improved governance of the Wakatobi and other marine protected areas in Indonesia.

Insiders and Outsiders in the Implementation of the Principle of Just and Equitable Representation of Minority Groups in Public Administration in Macedonia

Since the close of the ethnic conflict in 2001 with the Ohrid Framework Agreement, Macedonia has adjusted its structure of government and modes of governance in order to allow for participation of minority groups in policymaking, but also to strengthen their representation in politics and public administration. This article evaluates the application of the principle of just and equitable representation of minority groups in the Macedonian civil service. It argues that the OFA provides for representation of ethnic Albanians in public administration, but fails to achieve the same with other minority groups.

Lessons Learned in Conducting Nutrition‐Related Research in African American (AA) Older Adults

BackgroundTo reduce health disparity, the implementation of culturally sensitive strategies to improve participation of minority groups in nutrition research is needed. The objective of this report is to present lessons learned from outreaching and recruiting community‐based minority elders.MethodsParticipants were recruited through gatekeepers who were trusted by the target population and who belonged to the Churches and Senior Centers where African American (AA) elders routinely attend in three South Florida counties. Accessing and recruiting older AAs was challenging without these gatekeepers who acted as liaison between the church, group leaders, the participants and the investigator to negotiate agreement to participate in research. All data‐collecting forms were field‐tested to adapt them culturally. After 2 years, 130 participants were recruited, consented and participated in a six‐week education sessions on osteoporosis prevention.ResultsMean age of participants was 70.1 ±SD 10.4 y., 90% were women, and median education was 13 y. (range 8–20 y.). Attrition rate was 15.4%, 110 (84.6%) completed the program.Lessons LearnedAccessing AA older adults, an underserved and hard‐to‐reach group, requires determination and perseverance. Trusted gatekeepers, cultural adaptations and familiar social settings are needed to improve participation of minority groups in nutrition‐related research to reduce health disparity.

Responsabilidad social empresarial en la dimensión laboral: caso Bancolombia y BBVA

<em>Se construyó una matriz interpretativa que permitió evidenciar las prácticas en el ámbito laboral tomando como referente las propuestas por el Suplemento sobre el Sector de Servicios Financieros del Global Reporting Initiative- GRI. Los resultados muestran en ambos casos una fuerte preocupación en los aspectos de formación, salud y seguridad laboral; sin embargo, la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres, y la inexistente participación de las minorías son aspectos que aún no han superado. Las diferencias entre las dos entidades radican en las relaciones empresa- trabajadores y los beneficios sociales directos en forma de contribución monetaria.</em>