Ethnic Minority Groups Research Articles

Presence of Children in Household Is Associated With Increased Health-Related Social Need Burden

INTRODUCTION Health-related social needs (HRSNs) are critical determinants of well-being. Children’s HRSNs are largely defined by the social status and needs of their households and caregivers. The increasing practice of HRSN screening may offer an opportunity to better assess the risks facing households with children and the risks facing pediatric patients. This study compared HRSNs between households with children and those without children. METHODS Adult primary care patients in Indianapolis, Indiana, completed an in-person survey between January 2022 and June 2023. The survey was comprised of instruments that measured HRSNs and identified the number of children living in their household. X2, t tests, and a series of negative binomial regressions compared the self-reported occurrence of 5 HRSNs among respondents with and without children. RESULTS Those with children in the household tended to be female, younger, and from racial and ethnic minority groups. The average number of HRSNs was higher for those with child in the household (1.9 vs 1.6; P = .004). Controlling for other factors, each additional child aged under 1 year increased the average number of HRSNs by 24.3% (incident rate ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.33; P = .014), and with each additional child aged 1 to 4 years, the average number of HRSNs increased by 17.7% (incident rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.25; P = .036). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HRSN questionnaires completed by adults, if combined with household composition information, could be a supplementary path for health care organizations to identify the needs of pediatric patients or better understand overall needs facing their adult patients.

Do higher educated people feel happier?—Evidence of Han and minority nationalities from China

Based on the data of China General Social Survey (CGSS), this study adopts empirical analysis method to explore the impact of education on residents’ subjective well-being and its differentiated mechanism in different ethnic groups. The results show that, first of all, education significantly improves residents’ subjective well-being, and the conclusion is still robust after controlling for endogenous problems. Secondly, compared with Han nationality, education has a more significant effect on the subjective well-being of ethnic minority residents. Finally, by comparing the internal mechanism of education on the subjective well-being of Han and ethnic minority residents, the research finds that education mainly improves subjective well-being by improving residents’ relative income level and enhancing their social class identification, in which the intermediary effect of income is particularly prominent. However, in the Han population, education may weaken the sense of fairness, and thus reduce happiness to some extent; This phenomenon has not been verified in ethnic minority groups. This study not only expands the literature on the relationship between education and subjective well-being, but also has important policy implications, providing a strong empirical basis for formulating more accurate education policies, improving the happiness of ethnic minority residents, and enhancing national cohesion.

Quantifying the portrayal of alcohol-related A&E attendances and prevention in the British medical documentary series '24hours in A&E'.

Alcohol misuse is linked to numerous health and socioeconomic harms. Edutainment and docutainment television programmes can act as health promotion tools, influencing health perceptions and behaviours. Inaccurate portrayals can engender misinformation. Limited research has assessed alcohol-related illnesses and prevention in edutainment/docutainment, with none examining British medical documentaries. A quantitative content analysis assessed the portrayal of alcohol-related attendances (ARAs), behaviours, and prevention in the series 24hours in A&E. Main series episodes broadcast 2011-2022, depicting ARAs, were coded. Descriptive statistics and a Fisher's exact were then undertaken. ARAs featured 38 patients in 23 episodes (8.3% episodes total). Significantly more ARA episodes were broadcast from 2011 to 2016 than 2017-2022 (P=0.002). ARAs were mainly portrayed in males (63.2%), young adults (73.7%) and White ethnic groups (78.9%). Binge drinking and pubs/bar/nightclubs/'nights out' were the main behaviours and settings depicted. ARAs encompassed predominantly accidents/injuries (72.7%). Prevention featured infrequently (15.8% patients) and involved secondary (50.0%) or tertiary prevention (50.0%) for alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). ARAs were under-portrayed. While prevention portrayals and demographics were largely consistent with reality, ethnic minority groups, AUDs and chronic alcohol-related illnesses were underrepresented. Binge drinking and night-time economy settings were over-portrayed. Inaccurate depictions could lead to misperceptions of alcohol-related health harms.

Interests and Preferences in Programs to Improve Health Among Men With or at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups, 2019.

Men in racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely than non-Hispanic White men to participate in programs designed to improve health, despite having a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes. We sought to understand 1) the interests and preferences of racial and ethnic minority men, with or at risk for type 2 diabetes, in programs designed to improve health and 2) factors that influence participation and health practices. We designed a 43-question web-based survey on facilitators and barriers to participation in a healthy living program. The survey was administered from August 27, 2019, through September 3, 2019. Our analytic sample consisted of 1,506 men at risk for or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in racial and ethnic minority groups. We conducted descriptive and regression analyses of survey data. Most men (59%) were interested in participating in a healthy living program and/or program elements such as incentives (67%), male-specific health topics (57%), and the inclusion of family (63%). Flexibility was important, since "exercising when it is convenient for me" was the most frequently selected facilitator of physical activity and "the hours were inconvenient" was identified as a challenge in previous programs. Men in this survey were significantly more likely to be interested in participating in a health improvement program for several reasons, including if they were physically active 150 minutes or more per week (vs not) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6-3.0) and had previously been in a healthy living program (vs not) (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1). Our findings can be useful for recruiting and retaining racial and ethnic minority men with or at risk for type 2 diabetes in programs designed to improve health and ultimately reduce disparities in the prevalence of diabetes.

Does Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Differ by Patient Demographics? An Evaluation of Perioperative Anesthetic Management - An Observational Study.

Disparities in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and its prophylaxis may exist based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Our objective was to evaluate whether patients from racial and ethnic minority groups and patients from lower SES backgrounds received less appropriate PONV prophylaxis and experienced higher rates of PONV and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV). This retrospective cohort study included 23,333 adults who underwent major surgeries (total knee arthroplasty, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy) from 2017-2022 in a single, multi-state hospital system. Outcomes included prophylactic antiemetic administration according to consensus guidelines as well as occurrence of PONV and PDNV, with predictors being patient race and ethnicity, payor type, and community-level SES. About 45% (n=10,407) of patients received guideline-recommended PONV prophylaxis. Regression models showed statistically significant differences in appropriate PONV prophylaxis by race and ethnicity as well as community-level SES, with Black (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.92) and Hispanic (OR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96) patients having lower odds of receiving appropriate antiemetic prophylaxis compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Approximately 11% of patients (n=2522) experienced PONV in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), and about 19.5% of patients (n=4540) experienced PDNV. No significant differences in PONV were observed in the PACU among different groups, however, Black, Hispanic, Other races and ethnicities, and patients with Medicaid had higher odds of PDNV. The study identified differences in appropriate PONV prophylaxis by race and ethnicity as well as community-level SES. There were no differences in PONV by our predictors, but higher odds of PDNV by race and ethnicity and payor. This study underscores the importance of data stratification in quality measures to identify disparities in perioperative care; it can lead to changes in perioperative anesthetic management. Further research should explore these associations in a broader cohort and address potential confounding sources.

Impact of pandemic service changes on ethnic inequalities in maternal and perinatal outcomes in England: a population-based study

ObjectiveIn the UK and worldwide, there are substantial ethnic inequalities in maternal and perinatal care and outcomes. We aim to assess the impact of the unprecedented change in care provision...

Digging for Literature on Tailoring Cultural Offers With and for Older People From Ethnic Minority Groups: A Scoping Review.

Social prescribing addresses non-medical issues (e.g., loneliness, financial worries, housing problems) affecting physical and/or mental health. It involves connecting people to external support or services, including 'cultural offers'-events, groups and activities run within or by cultural organisations. Such offers need to be acceptable and accessible to diverse populations if forming part of a social prescription. A scoping review was conducted to identify what existing literature, conducted in the United Kingdom, tells us about tailoring cultural offers for older people (aged 60+ years) from ethnic minority groups. Relevant literature was searched for on electronic databases, through Google, via a questionnaire to cultural organisations and by contacting the study's advisory group. Screening of 906 references-59 of which were read as full documents-resulted in six sources being included in the review. Some cultural activities described within them were run in traditional cultural spaces (e.g., museums, art galleries). Others were held in community centres. Data suggested that attending with others could reduce concerns about belonging. Barriers to engagement included low energy, language, poor confidence, accessing transport and unfamiliarity with a setting and/or activities. Provision of familiar food could help make people feel welcomed. Reviewed papers showed that consulting with target groups is important to ensure that activities are inclusive and sympathetically delivered. The review also highlighted a paucity of published research on the topic; this means that cultural providers have little evidence to draw on when developing cultural offers for older people from ethnic minority groups.

Ethnicity and breast cancer incidence in over 329500 women in England in 2011-2019.

Previous studies have reported an overall lower breast cancer incidence in women from Asian and Black backgrounds compared with white women. Age standardised and age specific incidence rates in the largest specific ethnicities within Asian and Black groups are not reported. Data on population size and the age distribution of women in five ethnic groups of interest (white British, Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian and Pakistani) were extracted from the Office for National Statistics 2001, 2011 and 2021 census data for England. Cancer registrations for invasive breast cancer (ICD-10 C50) in women in England aged ≥25 years during 2011-2019 with a recorded ethnicity were extracted from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. Age standardised (ASIRs) and age specific (ASRs) incidence rates in five ethnic groups of interest were calculated. 329655 women who were aged ≥25 years and in one of the five ethnic groups of interest had a record of an incident C50 cancer registration during 2011-2019. The ASIR was highest for white women (199.6 (95% CI 198.9-200.3)), and lowest for Black African women (118.2 (95% CI 111.6-125.1)). The ASRs for invasive breast cancer were generally lower in women from minority ethnic groups compared to white women in all age groups examined except for younger Black Caribbean women. There are significant differences in breast cancer incidence rates between women from specific ethnicities. This requires further investigation in large scale prospective studies considering potential differences by ethnicity in known risk factors for breast cancer.

The Livelihood Activities of the Ruc People in Vietnam have Shifted from Traditional Ecological Adaptation to Facing Challenges Caused by Environmental Changes

Background and objective: This article examines the transformation of the livelihoods of the Ruc people, a minority ethnic group in Vietnam, as they shift from traditional agriculture—adapted to their natural environment—to new livelihood activities while confronting environmental challenges. The study aims to understand how natural and social environmental changes impact the livelihoods of the Ruc people and to explore their adaptation strategies.Methods: The research employs participant observation and in-depth interviews within the community to gather detailed data. The theoretical framework of political ecology in new ecological anthropology is applied to analyze the intricate relationships between humans and their environment, along with the influence of economic, cultural, and political factors on the Ruc people's livelihoods.Results: The results indicate that state policies have led to fundamental changes in the livelihoods of the Ruc people, contributing to the stabilization and development of their way of life. However, the community also faces challenges due to fluctuations in the natural and social environment. Forest protection regulations and climate change have significantly impacted the traditional farming and livestock practices of the Ruc people. These factors have decreased agricultural productivity, land scarcity, and conflicts over land use. The Ruc community faces major challenges in maintaining their traditional livelihoods under increasing pressure from environmental changes.Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of developing supportive policies to assist the Ruc people in effectively transitioning their livelihoods. Specific interventions are needed to support sustainable livelihoods while preserving Ruc's ecological knowledge and cultural identity. The findings and recommendations from this research are valuable for designing sustainable development programs for minority communities in Vietnam, especially in the context of increasing climate change and environmental challenges.

Help-Seeking and Disclosure in University Students with Suicidal Thoughts and Self-Harm: A Systematic Review

AbstractSuicide is a serious problem among university students. As suicidal thoughts and self-harm are predictive of completed suicide, students experiencing these problems would benefit from seeking support. This systematic review synthesised research on help-seeking in university students with suicidal thoughts and self-harm, including rates, sources, and associated factors. Searches were conducted in Medline, PsychINFO, and ERIC (inception to 10/11/2023) and grey literature databases PsycEXTRA and BASE (inception to 23/12/2023) for population-based epidemiological or qualitative studies. Findings were narratively synthesised. Twenty-two studies using 16 unique datasets were included. Most studies were US-based. Over half of the students with suicidal thoughts and self-harm did not seek or receive help for their mental health while at university, with lower rates in men and ethnic minority groups. Demographic, social and service-use influencing factors were identified. The low rates of help-seeking identified in this at-risk group highlight the need for research into interventions to improve help-seeking as part of suicide prevention efforts.

The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on perceived diabetes care and regulation, with a focus on ethnic minorities: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting changes to diabetes care, especially concerning disease control, the use of (tele)consultation and lessons worth implementing to improve diabetes care, with a specific focus on ethnic minority groups.MethodsA mixed-methods prospective cohort study among people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treated in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was sent regionally, including items related to teleconsultation and amount of contact with the healthcare professional. We conducted interviews based on the chronic care model with individuals from various ethnic backgrounds living in a deprived neighbourhood. Change in diabetes control (HbA1c, fasting glucose, LDL, systolic BP, BMI, eGFR) was evaluated based on routine care data. Latent class analysis was performed to identify groups who were more at risk for decreased glycaemic control.ResultsMost people maintained face-to-face (59%) or telephone (44%) contact with their healthcare provider. A decrease in consultations was observed. Based on the interviews, factors important for maintaining good glycaemic control were the use of medical devices, religion, routines and social support from family and friends. We did not find a clinically relevant change in diabetes control and no specific group was identified as at risk for worse diabetes regulation.ConclusionsIn the context of proactive care, remote healthcare and self-regulation have a crucial role for people with T2DM. It is important to identify barriers and facilitators for maintaining good glycaemic control among vulnerable groups, such as ethnic minority groups.

Reconceptualizing racism in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner and J. M. Coetzee's Disgrace

This study reports how Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner and J. M. Coetzee's Disgrace depict racism in different contexts and how racially victimized people understand and interpret racism based on their diverse racial perceptions and experiences. In this study, Sally Haslanger's notion of racism as a social construction and Ali Rattansi's idea of racism as a social prejudice are utilized as theoretical perspectives to analyze the both novels. The findings reveal that racially victimized people in Hosseini's The Kite Runner conceptualize racism as the social exclusion of minority ethnic groups by depriving them of receiving the essential requirements of their lives, and the findings further identify that racism is interconnected with religion and creates an overarching impact in human relations by creating social division. Moreover, the study uncovers the fact that racially victimized people in Coetzee's Disgrace interpret racism as the exploitation of mainly non-whites and a form of revenge for the white treatment of non-whites in the colonial period. In addition, the study reveals that the realization of racism is based on individual perception and power dynamics in local contexts instead of universally homogenizing perceptions and experiences of victimized people. This study has great significance as it reconceptualizes racism from victimized perspectives and provides a clear direction for further exploration of racism in novels and daily social activities.

Are there any sociodemographic factors associated with non-uptake of HPV vaccination of girls in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes? A systematic review.

Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is generally high in high-income countries with school-based vaccination programmes; however, lower uptake in certain population subgroups could continue pre-immunisation inequalities in cervical cancer. Six electronic databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1 September 2006 and 20 February 2023, which were representative of the general population, with individual-level data on routine school-based vaccination (with >50% coverage) and sociodemographic measures. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were screened for eligibility criteria and assessed for bias. A second independent reviewer randomly screened 20% of articles at each stage. A narrative synthesis summarised findings. 24 studies based in eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK) were included. Studies reported vaccination uptake by individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES), parental education, religion, ethnicity and/or country of birth. 19 studies reported that more than 70% were vaccinated (range: 50.7%-93.0%). Minority ethnic groups and migrants were more likely to have lower vaccination uptake than White groups and non-migrants (11/11 studies). Lower SES was also associated with lower uptake of vaccination (11/17 studies). Associations with other sociodemographic characteristics, such as parental education and religion, were less clear. Even in high-income countries with high coverage school-based vaccination programmes, inequalities are seen. The totality of available evidence suggests girls from lower SES and minority ethnic groups tend to be less likely to be vaccinated. Findings could inform targeted approaches to mop-up vaccination and cervical cancer screening amidst changing HPV epidemiology in a vaccine era. CRD42023399648.

BOOK REVIEW: World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability

Amy Chua ‘World on fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability’ made up of three parts of twelve chapters with an introduction, afterword, notes and index published by William Heinemann, UK in 2003. It is an exposition of minority ethnic group exploitation and domination which accentuates hatred, envy, assassination and murder as the signpost of globalization and free market economy blossoms and shapes asymmetrical relations and development amongst groups vis-à-vis minority-majority dominance(P:163).

Differential effects of air pollution on ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease by ethnicity in a nationwide cohort in the Netherlands

BackgroundAir pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes to health disparities, particularly among minority ethnic groups, who often face higher exposure levels. Knowledge on whether the effect of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases differs between ethnic groups is crucial for identifying mechanisms underlying health disparities, ultimately informing targeted public health strategies and interventions. We explored differences in associations between air pollution and ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD) for the six largest ethnic groups in the Netherlands.MethodsThis nationwide analysis (2014–2019), linked residential-address concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 to individual-level hospital and mortality data. To evaluate incident ischemic stroke, we created a cohort of residents ≥30 years and free of ischemic stroke at baseline and for incident IHD we created a cohort free of IHD. We performed Cox proportional hazard survival analyses in each cohort with 2014 average concentrations of PM2.5 or NO2 as determinants, stratified by ethnicity (Dutch, German, Indonesian, Surinamese, Moroccan, Turkish) and adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic indicators and region.ResultsBoth cohorts included > 9.5 million people. During follow-up, 127,673 (1.3%) developed ischemic stroke and 156,517 (1.6%) developed IHD. For ischemic stroke, the p-values for the interaction between air pollution and ethnicity were 0.057 for NO2 and 0.055 for PM2.5. The HR of 1 IQR increase (6.42 µg/m3) of NO2 for ischemic stroke was lowest for Moroccans (0.92 [0.84–1.02], p-value = 0.032 difference with Dutch) and highest for Turks (1.09 [1.00-1.18], p-value = 0.157 difference with Dutch). PM2.5 results were similar. For IHD, higher exposure was unexpectedly associated with lower incidence. The p-values for the interaction with ethnicity were 1.75*10− 5 for NO2 and 1.06*10− 3 for PM2.5. The HRs for IHD were lowest for Turks (NO2: 0.88 [0.83–0.92], p-value = 2.0*10− 4 difference with Dutch, PM2.5: 0.86 [0.82–0.91], p-value = 1.3*10− 4 difference with Dutch) and highest for Surinamese (NO2: 1.02 [0.97–1.07], p-value = 0.014 difference with Dutch) and Dutch (PM2.5: 0.96 [0.94–0.98]).ConclusionsAssociations between air pollutants and ischemic stroke or IHD differ notably between ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Policies to reduce air pollution and prevent ischemic stroke should target populations vulnerable to air pollution with a high cardiovascular disease risk.

Understanding access to sexual and reproductive health in general practice using an adapted Candidacy Framework; a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background General practice has a key role in reducing inequity in access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Unplanned pregnancy, abortion and STIs are increasing and disproportionately affects deprived communities and ethnic minority groups. The candidacy framework offers a practical, theoretical framework for understanding the complex interactional processes of access to SRH in general practice. Aim To use the candidacy framework to explore access of SRH in general practice. The seven interaction stages include, identification of need, navigation of services, permeability of services, appearing and asserting need, adjudication by healthcare professional, offers or resistance of offer and the local operating conditions or local production of candidacy. Design and setting This study involved a systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis using a framework approach. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, and the Web of Science was conducted to identify primary qualitative research studies exploring access to SRH in general practice from practitioner, public, and patient perspectives in countries with universal healthcare. The candidacy framework was used to synthesise the findings. Results Analysis of 42 studies revealed the impact of stigma, shame, and embarrassment among individuals, communities, and healthcare practitioners. Findings showed limited inclusion of demographics such as ethnicity and socio-economic status. Barriers to access were more evident for those from lower socio-economic communities, ethnic minorities and LGBTQ+. There are multiple barriers, which include the behaviours of healthcare professionals who have a crucial role in recognising an individual's SRH need. Conclusions General practice offers a cradle-to-grave healthcare service, which should have SRH as a priority area of provision. Further understanding is needed of the impact of historic harms by medicine and healthcare on racialised individuals and gender minorities.

Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Utilization of Medications for Obesity Management in a Nationally Representative Survey.

The burden of obesity falls disproportionately on some racial and ethnic minority groups. To assess for racial and ethnic differences in the utilization of obesity-management medications among clinically eligible individuals. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2011-2016, 2018 and 2020) data and a cross-sectional study design was used to assess for racial and ethnic differences in obesity-management medication utilization. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the association of race and ethnicity with obesity-management medication utilization. Adjusted models controlled for demographics, socioeconomic status, obesity class, diabetes status, number of chronic conditions, insurance status, and geographic region. Adults with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and individuals with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 with ≥ 1 weight-related condition. The primary outcome measure was utilization of an FDA-approved medication for obesity-management during the study period. The primary independent predictor was race and ethnicity. Separate indicator variables were created for each racial and ethnic group (Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White (reference group)). In adjusted analyses, Asian (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.77; P < 0.01), Black (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.68; P < 0.001) and Hispanic individuals (aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.98; P = 0.04) had significantly lower odds of utilizing obesity-management medications compared to White individuals. The results of this study suggest that there are racial and ethnic disparities in the use of obesity-management medications.

DEBATE ON DECOLONIALITY AND SENSE OF BELONGING AMONG YOUNG KALMYKS AND BURYATS WHO FLED TO MONGOLIA AFTER 2022

In 2022–2023, there was a significant shift in discussions about minority languages and ethnic groups in Russia. This study examines discourses concerning the attitudes to the Russian state, the sense of belonging and the future of ethnic minorities. The paper is based on interviews with young people from Mongolian-speaking republics in Russia, Kalmykia and Buryatia, who left for Mongolia after mobilization was announced in 2022. Fleeing possible conscription into military service, living in a country with a similar culture and language, and sharing emigration experiences with other young people made their life in Mongolia a space for fruitful discussions about their experiences, history and the future of their ethnic groups. The sense of belonging is context-sensitive. The study shows that the views of young Kalmyks and Buryats consider both official and activist perspectives. Their narratives about the future of their republics are closely linked to personal decisions to leave, life experiences and family memories of their community’s turbulent history. At the same time, the evolving perspectives of young people will shape future collective discourses among ethnic minorities.

Cham Muslims’ experiences in Vietnamese education institutions: an exploratory study

Purpose Cham Muslims are both an ethnic and religious minority group. Although reports indicate a bleak situation regarding school attainment and success, little research has been conducted exclusively on the experiences of Cham Muslims in Vietnam’s educational system. This study aims to investigate the challenges and supports that Cham Muslims may encounter during their years in public education. Additionally, this study explores how Islamic elements are received in various educational settings. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative methods and purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Cham Muslim students enrolled in two Vietnamese universities. The data were analyzed to address the research questions and were interpreted through the lens of Bourdieu’s concepts of field and capital, as well as Appadurai's (2004) notion of “capacity to aspire.” Findings The findings of this study suggest that Cham Muslim students may encounter unique challenges compared to other ethnic groups residing in mountainous regions. Various forms of support, both from the state and individuals, have been identified as facilitators of educational engagement. However, this study also highlights the challenges associated with Islamic practices in both pre-collegiate and university environments. Research limitations/implications Given the exploratory nature of this study, the findings should be interpreted cautiously to avoid overgeneralization. While additional sources were consulted for substantiation, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the results. However, this study can serve as a foundation for future research investigating the experiences of Cham Muslims in Vietnamese education institutions. Larger-scale studies conducted in multiple locations would contribute to the literature on ethnic and religious minorities, which often requires in-depth analysis using various theoretical approaches. Originality/value This study is among the pioneering efforts to investigate Cham Muslims’ educational experiences in Vietnam, which has the potential to contribute to both the ethnic and religious minority studies.

RICH BRIAN’S RESISTANCE AGAINST RACISM IN INSTAGRAM

Racism can trigger the development of an individual's resistance due to the inequality between ethnic minority and majority groups. This study aimed to discover the forms of resistance shown by Rich Brian through his Instagram account. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by applying the resistance theory by Ellefsen, Banafsheh, and Sandberg (2022). The data source used in this research comes from Rich Brian's Instagram account with the username @brianimanuel (https://www.instagram.com/brianimanuel/). The data used in this study are verbal and visual components of Rich Brian’s Instagram posts. The results of the analysis show that the emergence of Rich Brian's resistance against racism occur after he experiences various forms of racism while being part of an ethnic minority in the United States. Rich Brian's Instagram account only displays four of the five resistance forms identified in Ellefsen et al.'s framework: ignoring, confronting, protesting, and sharing experiences. Keyword: racism, resistance, ethnic, instagram, social media