Minimum Wage Research Articles

The Impacts of N-Power Programmes on Poverty Reduction and Youth Empowerments in Nigeria (A Study of Eket Senatorial District, Akwa Ibom State)

This study employed survey design to investigate the impacts of N-power Programmes on Poverty Reduction and Youth Empowerments in Nigeria with special interest in the Eket Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. Specifically, the trends and effects of N-teach and N-Agro on poverty reduction and youth empowerment were examined. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires and structured interview questions. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select six hundred (600) N-Power beneficiaries from the three federal constituencies that made up Eket Senatorial District as the sample size for the study. The method of data analysis was both qualitative and quantitative, where comparative and descriptive methods were adopted along with the Student's t-test. The stylised facts illustrated that although the N-power programme has offered the beneficiaries a token of income, the income was grossly inadequate. The low income and inability of the beneficiaries to acquire basic goods and services for survival with dignity signified that the youths were not financially empowered; hence, poverty persisted. Also, the empirical evidence revealed that the p-value of 1 was greater than the significance level of 0.05 with a degree of freedom of 10; as such, the null hypothesis was accepted that no significant difference exists in poverty and youth empowerment between the periods of N-power and the period before the N-power programme. The paper recommended that the government should increase the Stipend to the new minimum wage, avoid delays in monthly Payments of Stipend and ensure a transition plan for the beneficiaries after their training.

The relation between earthquake stress coping strategies and post-earthquake trauma level.

The study aims to determine the trauma level of individuals who have experienced and witnessed the earthquake disaster and to reveal the strategies they used to cope with the stress of the earthquake. This cross-sectional and descriptive research population includes adults residing in Türkiye (n = 760). The IBM SPSS software was used to analyze the data, while t test and ANOVA tests were conducted for between-group comparison. Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the variables. The study revealed that women, single individuals, associate degree graduates, those with income below minimum wage, residents of earthquake-affected cities, people who lost relatives in the earthquake, lived in non-earthquake-resistant houses, had active fault lines in their city, and lacked earthquake education had higher post-earthquake trauma levels. A negative correlation was found between age and trauma, while a positive correlation emerged between age and coping strategies. Religious coping was positively linked to emotive limitation and cognitive structure, while positive reappraisal and seeking social support were negatively associated with behavioral, emotive, cognitive, and sleep problems. These findings suggest that psychosocial support and education cannot overlook individual and geographical differences.

Aggregate demand can reduce monopsonistic exploitation

In an aggregate setting with widespread monopsony, monopsonistic exploitation of workers decreases if aggregate demand increases, up to zero when the full employment constraint is met. Exploitation is also reduced by an increase in union power or by the imposition of a binding minimum wage. However, both will decrease employment. This is due to the negative effect of wages on investment. Being a Keynesian model, this negative effect can be offset by an increase in aggregate demand. Monopsony power can be a microeconomic foundation for Keynesian aggregate demand theory and should be recognised as a component of Keynesian macroeconomics.

Impact Of Socio-Economic Factors On Postpartum Haemorrhage in Three Health Centres In Dili, Timor Leste- Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries, including Timor-Leste. Socioeconomic factors may significantly influence the risk of PPH, yet limited local evidence is available. This study aimed to analyse the influence of education, occupation, and household income on the incidence of PPH in three Community Health Centres (CHCs) in Dili City, Timor-Leste. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2024, involving 130 postpartum mothers who delivered at CHC Comoro, CHC Becora, and CHC Vera-Cruz. Inclusion criteria were postpartum mothers aged ≥19 years, vaginal delivery at ≥37 weeks gestation, and complete medical records, including maternal and child health books or Liziu, and family socioeconomic data. Exclusion criteria included mothers with incomplete records or those who underwent medical interventions such as oxytocin induction or vacuum extraction. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, KIA books, and antenatal care cohorts. Socioeconomic variables (education, occupation, household income) were categorised using standardised criteria. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and simple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). This report follows the STROBE guidelines for observational studies. Results: Most mothers (84.6%) were aged 19–34 years, and 61.5% had high-risk obstetric factors. Among respondents, 54.6% had high education, 62.3% were employed in the non-formal sector, and 64.6% had household income at or below the national minimum wage (USD 115). Only household income was significantly associated with PPH (OR = 3.309; 95% CI: 1.429–6.465; p = 0.006), indicating that mothers from low-income families had over three times higher risk of PPH. Education and occupation were not significantly associated with PPH. Conclusion: Household income is a significant socioeconomic determinant of postpartum haemorrhage in Dili, Timor-Leste. Strengthening community-based interventions targeting low-income families, including improved access to maternal health services and socioeconomic support is recommended to reduce PPH incidence

The Cost of Work: The Dilemma faced by Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in Protective Workshops in South Africa.

Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (PWID) in South Africa continue to struggle to build dignified and autonomous lives, due to various personal, and contextual constraints. More specifically, the transition from school to competitive employment within the open labour market remains riddled with challenges, despite the known personal, collective and societal benefits disability inclusion within the workplace holds for persons with ID and their families, for communities and society at large. The disability grant (DG) is a form of social assistance, intended to provide income replacement and basic needs support for people who are unable to work, due to disability. Persons with disabilities who manage to obtain ‘employment’ within protective workshops (PW) are, at times, required to forfeit a portion of their grant, as they receive a ‘salary’, which often falls below minimum wage. This situation creates a conundrum for the PWID who, despite being ‘employed’, earns less than minimum wage, and remains largely excluded from competitive employment. In this opinion piece, the authors discuss the contextual arrangements that create and sustain this situation within protective workshops, noting points of contention, and offering recommendations to mitigate these.

Associations of municipality-level income and racial segregation with individual-level tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil: a nationwide cohort study (2010–2019)

Background Residential segregation is considered a social determinant of health, but there is limited evidence of its impact on tuberculosis (TB). We investigated the associations between municipality-level income and racial segregation and TB treatment outcomes in Brazil. Methods We studied nationwide registries of new TB cases between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. TB treatment was dichotomised as unfavourable (ie, loss to follow-up, modification of treatment regimen, treatment failure and death) and favourable (ie, cured/treatment completion). We assessed individuals' municipality-level income and racial segregation (ie, dispersion of household heads earning ≤half versus those earning >half minimum wage; and of household heads identifying as black or brown/mixed race (Pardo/a) versus white). Logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables was used to estimate the OR of experiencing an unfavourable treatment outcome associated with segregation overall and by self-identified race/ethnicity. Results Individuals living in highly economically and racially segregated municipalities (fifth versus first quintiles) were more likely to have an unfavourable TB treatment outcome (income segregation: adjusted OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.37); racial segregation: 1.13 (0.94 to 1.36)). Living in municipalities of higher income segregation (third, fourth and fifth quintiles) was associated with higher unfavourable TB treatment outcomes in all self-identified racial groups (fifth quintile: white 1.25 (0.96 to 1.64); black 1.42 (1.15 to 1.74); brown/mixed 1.37 (1.20 to 1.56); Asian=1.30 (1.00 to 1.69) and Indigenous 1.37 (1.00 to 1.87)). Conclusions Living in highly income and racially segregated environments is associated with unfavourable TB treatment outcomes for all self-identified races in Brazil. TB programmes should account for segregation as a barrier to TB treatment completion.

An Analysis of the Rust Belts Societys Current Situation and Challenges

The Rust Belt region, which includes the heavy industry towns and cities alongside the railroad and the Great Lakes in the central United States, has faced severe crises after iron companies quit. Significant changes in population structure and local communities happened in the next 30 years that changed everything in these cities; hundreds of smoking factories, jobs, and unions vanished, leaving a rusted town where everyone was escaping. This essay analysed the local communities in the Rust Belt region and cities like Youngstown, Ohio and Gary, Illinois. Deeply analysed local communities' racial structure and the change in regional minimum wage suppliers, finding that the rust belt area has lost population, decreased income, and worsened social security. These combined features caused the crisis of the local community.

Adverse Drug Reaction-Related Hospital Admissions in Older Adults with Diabetes: Incidence and Implicated Drug Classes.

Adverse Drug Reaction-Related Hospital Admissions in Older Adults with Diabetes: Incidence and Implicated Drug Classes.

Minimum Wages, State Ownership, and Corporate Environmental Policies

Abstract Exploring the minimum wage policy discontinuities at county borders, we find that minimum wage hikes induce industrial firms to pollute more and reduce their abatement efforts. State ownership mitigates these negative effects, suggesting its role in addressing externality. The adverse environmental impacts are attenuated by the staggered increase in pollution discharge fees across provinces. These effects are stronger for firms with higher minimum wage sensitivity, lower market power, and greater financial constraints, and for firms that are the subsidiaries of nonlisted companies. Overall, our findings highlight the unintended environmental consequences of labor market policies.

Minimum wage and unemployment in Russia: A new look on an old construct

Minimum wage and unemployment in Russia: A new look on an old construct

Minimum wage and labor self-funded training: evidence from China

Minimum wage and labor self-funded training: evidence from China

Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Upah Minimum, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pengangguran di NTB Tahun 2014-2023

This study analyzes the influence of inflation, minimum wage, economic growth, and labor absorption on unemployment in NTB in 2014-2023. By using qualitative research methods, and using multiple regression analysis tools with several variables, namely X1inflation, X2 Minimum Wage, X3 Economic Growth, X4 Labor Absorption, and Y Unemployment Rate, The results of the study are as follows where X1 inflation has a significant effect on unemployment with a significant value of 0.04, X2 Minimum Wages does not have a significant effect on Unemployment with a significant value of 0.78, X3 Economic Growth has no significant effect on unemployment with a significant value of 0.68 and X4 has a significant effect on the unemployment rate with a significant value of 0.00. Where of the 4 variables affects Y by 94%.

Do minimum wage hikes lead to employment destruction? Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Argentina

Do minimum wage hikes lead to employment destruction? Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Argentina

Pengaruh Belanja Daerah, Dana Desa, Investasi Dalam Negeri, UMR, dan Kemiskinan Terhadap PDRB Tahun 2018-2021

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Indonesia, namely regional spending, village funds, investment, Regional Minimum Wage (UMR), and poverty levels. The analysis used is panel data using the fixed effects approach (FEM) and random effects (REM) in the period 2018–2023. The study shows that UMR and regional spending have a significant effect on GRDP, while village funds, investment, and poverty are not significant. These findings imply that optimization of regional spending allocation and testing of village fund and investment policies must be developed to support economic development. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions for policy makers in designing more effective and sustainable regional economic development strategies

Reduction of food insecurity over time: An unattainable reality for the poorest families?

Reduction of food insecurity over time: An unattainable reality for the poorest families?

MODELLING OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN CAPITAL PROGRESS

The sustainable development of a national economy is a central concept in modern public governance, aiming to ensure a balanced interplay between economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. This study seeks to develop theoretical and methodological approaches, alongside practical tools, for modelling and forecasting sustainable economic development. Particular attention is given to the role of human capital as a critical driver that enhances labour productivity, innovation capacity, and resource efficiency. The article highlights key challenges in implementing sustainable development models: the lack of integrated modelling frameworks, insufficient and low-quality data, the pace of global change, the absence of clear methodologies, and limited innovation activity. An econometric model is constructed to evaluate the impact of sustainability components on GDP as a core macroeconomic indicator. The model incorporates economic, social, and environmental variables, emphasizing human capital as a mediating factor. Two-variable trend analyses are used to explore relationships between real GDP and selected indicators. The study identifies the most influential factors as the Consumer Price Index (%), State Budget Deficit (UAH million), Minimum Wage (UAH), Share of Renewable Energy in Total Supply (%), and Energy Consumption from Wind and Solar Sources (thousand tons of oil equivalent). Correlation and determination coefficients are calculated to quantify these relationships. GDP forecasting is conducted using logarithmic, exponential, and power regression models. Based on the findings, the paper outlines strategic directions for promoting sustainable development in Ukraine, focusing on economic, environmental, and social dimensions through the advancement of human capital. The research methodology combines a systemic and interdisciplinary approach, employing tools such as comprehensive factor analysis, strategic planning, and econometric modelling using the Data Analysis and Regression toolkit.

Socioeconomic-Environmental Characterization of Traditional Peoples of the Marajoara Amazon (Riverside, Quilombola, and Fishing Communities), Pará, Brazil

Objective: To diagnose the socioeconomic aspects and sanitary and environmental infrastructure of traditional communities in the Marajó mesoregion, state of Pará. Theoretical Framework: Traditional peoples and communities have ways of life and systems of production and social reproduction predominantly related to the environment and territory in which they live. These are groups that self-identify according to their ethnic and collective identities. Method: This is a qualitative-quantitative and descriptive research study, in which a questionnaire was used to collect information on the socioeconomic-environmental profile of 316 families distributed among three social groups (riverside, quilombola, and fishing communities). Results and Discussion: The number of males was higher in all communities; the dominant age group was 0 to 39 years; 59.2% of the population had incomplete elementary education and 11.4% were illiterate. Occupational activities include agriculture and extractivism; 64% of families have an income of up to one minimum wage; 95.4% of riverside houses, 45.5% of quilombola houses, and 35.5% of fishing community houses are built of wood. Sanitary conditions are deficient in the Riverside Mojuá and Quilombola São Sebastião do Cipoal communities, with more than 80% of families lacking adequate facilities for physiological needs. Research Implications: The implications of this research demand urgent actions for sanitary infrastructure, call for efficient educational policies, foster debate on socio-environmental vulnerability, highlight the relationship between ways of life and dependence on social programs, as well as high fertility associated with limited access to family planning. Originality/Value: This study covers three social groups present in Marajó, highlighting their socioeconomic-environmental conditions, housing, and sanitary infrastructure.

Compensation in the system of human capital reproduction in higher education institutions – theory and realities in Ukraine

The article is dedicated to identifying the challenges associated with personnel management in higher education institutions, with a particular focus on issues related to the remuneration system for academic and teaching staff at Ukrainian universities. Historically, salary levels in Ukraine’s education sector have remained relatively low since the Soviet era. The article examines the essence of remuneration and its interpretation within various economic approaches, as well as presenting the primary functions of wages. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the significance of remuneration within the system of restoring the academic and pedagogical potential of universities. The article identifies the main issues and challenges related to current methods and levels of salary formation for academic and teaching staff in higher education institutions. The analysis reveals that salaries in Ukraine’s education sector fail to fulfil their fundamental functions. This situation is a significant reason why talented young professionals often opt to leave the education sector. It underscores the need for reforms in the remuneration system. The study concludes that the issue of salary formation in education pertains both to the methodology and the structure of wages. Emphasis is placed on the method of determining wages in the higher education sector and the current wage levels in Ukraine. The article examines the tariff coefficients and scales applicable to higher education lecturers in Ukraine as of 2023. By comparing the salary levels of academic and teaching staff in national universities with the minimum social wage and average household expenditures, the study concludes that lecturers’ financial liquidity is critically low.

The Remodeling of the Continuous Cash Benefit Social Policy by the Judiciary

Due to organized civil movements, the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 provided for a series of civil rights. Among them, the benefit of continuing provision of a minimum wage to the elderly and to the disabled that could not provide for themselves, or by their families, irrespective of any contribution from the State. The judiciary’s participation in the growth of the number of beneficiaries goes far beyond the concessions resulting from stricto sensu decisions, as by casuistically reinterpreting the law in thousands of cases, it ultimately leads to an imbalance in politics, forcing the other two Branches to adapt. Thus, new laws emerge from that recent jurisprudence. Although the demand comes from the quest for equality, given the limits of the available public resources, it ends up harming the State’s political and financial agenda. It also leads to the illegitimate usurpation of the right to rule of the Legislative and Executive Branches, as the real possibilities in policy implementation – especially the ones that are programmatic in nature – cannot be technically analyzed, despite they demand economic and social planning.

CSR DAN KESEJAHTERAAN LOKAL : STUDI PADA RASIO UPAH PEGAWAI PEMULA DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MANAGER LOKAL PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) 2020-2023

This study aims to analyze the contribution of PT Pertamina (Persero) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to local economic welfare using Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) indicators EC5 (ratio of entry-level employee wages to Regional Minimum Wage) and EC6 (representation of local labor in managerial positions). The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, analyzing secondary data from PT Pertamina (Persero) 2020-2023 sustainability report. The sampling technique was carried out purposively on data relevant to the GRI indicators. The results showed that PT Pertamina (Persero) has not been transparent in reporting the ratio of entry-level wages to the UMR and the proportion of local managers in operational areas. This imbalance reflects the need to strengthen local workforce empowerment policies and pay equity as part of CSR strategies. The research conclusion confirms the importance of increasing the transparency of remuneration policies and optimizing the involvement of local communities in strategic positions to support the sustainability of company operation and socio-economic development