Minimum Cross Section Research Articles

Development of Optimal Design Method for Steel Double-Beam Floor System Considering Rotational Constraints

Under high gravity loads, steel double-beam floor systems need to be reinforced by beam-end concrete panels to reduce the material quantity since rotational constraints from the concrete panel can decrease the moment demand by inducing a negative moment at the ends of the beams. However, the optimal design process for the material quantity of steel beams requires a time-consuming iterative analysis for the entire floor system while especially keeping in consideration the rotational constraints in composite connections between the concrete panel and steel beams. This study aimed to develop an optimal design method with the LM (Length-Moment) index for the steel double-beam floor system to minimize material quantity without the iterative design process. The LM index is an indicator that can select a minimum cross-section of the steel beams in consideration of the flexural strength by lateral-torsional buckling. To verify the proposed design method, the material quantities between the proposed and code-based design methods were compared at various gravity loads. The proposed design method successfully optimized the material quantity of the steel double-beam floor systems without the iterative analysis by simply choosing the LM index of the steel beams that can minimize objective function while satisfying the safety-related constraint conditions. In particular, under the high gravity loads, the proposed design method was superb at providing a quantity-optimized design option. Thus, the proposed optimal design method can be an alternative for designing the steel double-beam floor system.

Simplified method to identify full von Mises stress-strain curve of structural metals

The relationship between von Mises equivalent stress σ¯ and equivalent plastic strain ε¯ (PEEQ), termed as von Mises stress-strain, plays an important role in numerical simulations for ductile fracture of structural metallic materials with large plastic strain. The standard uniaxial tensile test on cylindrical specimens is the most straightforward method to derive the (σ¯−ε¯) data. However, the distribution of the stress and strain along the necking section of the tensile specimen is no longer uniform in the post-necking process, which induces difficulty in acquiring the (σ¯−ε¯) data. The existing correction methods to identify von Mises stress-strain in the post-necking regime need instantaneous geometry of the notched region and ignore influence of the initial geometry of the specimen, which induces these methods are inconvenient for application and inapplicable for circumferentially notched tensile specimens to determine (σ¯−ε¯) of each individual material zone in a hybrid coupon (e.g. weldment). In the present study, influences of initial geometry of the specimen and plastic hardening property of material on necking process are investigated firstly. It is found that the shrinking behavior of the minimum cross-section of the specimen is determined by the geometric parameter of specimen and plastic hardening exponent of materials. Based on an extensive parametric study a modified power law function to characterize the von Mises stress-strain curve from tensile tests on circumferentially notched specimens without measuring instantaneous geometry of cross-section is proposed.

Negligible-cost microfluidic device fabrication using 3D-printed interconnecting channel scaffolds.

This paper reports a novel, negligible-cost and open-source process for the rapid prototyping of complex microfluidic devices in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using 3D-printed interconnecting microchannel scaffolds. These single-extrusion scaffolds are designed with interconnecting ends and used to quickly configure complex microfluidic systems before being embedded in PDMS to produce an imprint of the microfluidic configuration. The scaffolds are printed using common Material Extrusion (MEX) 3D printers and the limits, cost & reliability of the process are evaluated. The limits of standard MEX 3D-printing with off-the-shelf printer modifications is shown to achieve a minimum channel cross-section of 100×100 μm. The paper also lays out a protocol for the rapid fabrication of low-cost microfluidic channel moulds from the thermoplastic 3D-printed scaffolds, allowing the manufacture of customisable microfluidic systems without specialist equipment. The morphology of the resulting PDMS microchannels fabricated with the method are characterised and, when applied directly to glass, without plasma surface treatment, are shown to efficiently operate within the typical working pressures of commercial microfluidic devices. The technique is further validated through the demonstration of 2 common microfluidic devices; a fluid-mixer demonstrating the effective interconnecting scaffold design, and a microsphere droplet generator. The minimal cost of manufacture means that a 5000-piece physical library of mix-and-match channel scaffolds (100 μm scale) can be printed for ~$0.50 and made available to researchers and educators who lack access to appropriate technology. This simple yet innovative approach dramatically lowers the threshold for research and education into microfluidics and will make possible the rapid prototyping of point-of-care lab-on-a-chip diagnostic technology that is truly affordable the world over.

Effects of FOD on fatigue strength of 7075-T6 hourglass specimens

The term “Foreign Object Damage (FOD)” refers to the damage associated with the impact of particles on aircraft engine components that causes changes in fatigue strength as a result of induced stress concentrations, residual stresses and microstructural changes. This paper presents the Finite Element (FE) models created to study the stress field induced by the impacts of a steel sphere on a 7075-T6 hourglass specimen. The impacts occur at the minimum cross section, in the normal and oblique directions. The results reveal that in the event of an oblique impact the axial tensile stresses are greater and closer to the crater created by the impact. The superposition of the residual axial stresses to the bending stresses by fatigue test allows to identify the areas in which the maximum stresses are reached and therefore crack initiation is expected.

Application of Design of Experiments to Foreign Object Damage on 7075-T6

In this work, Design of Experiments is applied to identify which factors mostly influence the residual stress distribution in an hourglass specimen subject to the impact of a foreign object. The specimen is made of 7075-T6, that is one of the most popular alloys in the aeronautical sector. After the impact, the specimen is assumed to be tested with an axial or bending fatigue load. For this reason, the study is conducted on the axial stresses induced by the impact of the object on the specimen, assessed by means of finite element analysis. Only the stresses in the region x=[-2 mm; 2 mm], with x=0 corresponding to the position of the minimum cross section of the specimen before the impact, were considered. In this region, stress concentrations are probable during the fatigue test. The results showed that high impact forces induce high tensile stresses, unfavorable from a fatigue point of view. Therefore, it is preferable that the impacting object has a low weight and reduced speed.

Ductile fracture of hydrostatic‐stress‐insensitive metals using a coupled damage‐plasticity model

AbstractIn this paper, a new coupled damage‐plasticity model is proposed to predict plastic response and ductile fracture for two hydrostatic‐stress‐insensitive metals. A convenient hybrid experiment–simulation approach is designed to calibrate model parameters. Geometry transferability of model parameters is validated to various notched tensile specimens. With the characteristics of the present constitutive model, the critical damage parameter is demonstrated to be an appropriate fracture criterion, where fracture strains of various notched tensile specimens are in good agreement with experimental data. The study also reveals that there exist complementing mechanisms for the stress‐triaxiality‐dependent damage evolution and strain hardening of effective (undamaged) stress, respectively, that result in the non‐uniform distribution of overall (damaged) equivalent stress–strain curves on the minimum cross section of tensile specimens. Then, it is the combined effect of non‐uniformly distributed overall equivalent stress–strain curves that results in the phenomenon of hydrostatic‐stress insensitivity in metals.

METHODS OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT UNCERTAINTY IN CONSTRUCTION OF LINGUISTIC SCALES

The report presents the main aspects of the problem of constructing linguistic scales when applying metric classification in intelligent measuring systems. The measurement results obtained at the output of the measurement channels of the system are converted into a form that can be used in the future for fuzzy calculations, decision-making, diagnosis of the state of objects, as well as the need to adjust the parameters of objects. To obtain the final result, a metric classification is used, according to which a scale with a fuzzy linguistic variable is built on a metric medium, which allows to determine the equivalence class to which the measurement result corresponds.It is shown that when establishing linguistic scales it is necessary to take into account the following components of uncertainty: uncertainty from the vagueness of the semantic rule, which determines the boundaries of the term set of a linguistic variable, uncertainty from incomplete identification of the object of measurement (definitive uncertainty); uncertainty from the instability of the latent parameter to be measured; instrumental uncertainty.It is established that when constructing linguistic scales, two methods of taking into account uncertainty can be used, which in turn correspond to two algorithms of fuzzy classifier operation. The first method is that the uncertainty components related to the scale and the object of measurement are used to construct the scale, and the instrumental component of uncertainty is used to design the measurement result as a fuzzy number. Then, according to the algorithm of the fuzzy classifier, the composition of the membership functions of the term set of the linguistic variable and the fuzzy number is found, and the required equivalence class is found by the center of gravity of the composition result. The second method is to find the total uncertainty for all components and take it into account when constructing a linguistic scale. Then the equivalence class is determined by the maximum cross section of the membership functions of the term set of the linguistic scale with the measurement result, or by the maximum and minimum cross section. Most often, to solve such a problem, a fuzzy appendix to the MatLab package is used, which determines the activated equivalence classes, the membership functions of which are modified in accordance with the maximum and minimum cross-section. Therefore, the authors of the report chose the second method of taking into account the uncertainty and analyzed the relationship between the fuzzy index of membership functions of individual terms of the linguistic variable and the total uncertainty.

The Model for Predicting the Radius of Curvature of the Neck Forming on Cylindrical Specimens during Tensile Testing

The article is devoted to the testing of cylindrical specimens for tension. The main tendency of tensile tests is the improvement of methods for determining equivalent stresses acting in specimens while deformation localizes in the neck, i.e. methods for determining the hardening curves of materials up to the fracture. The most reliable way to study the rheological properties of materials is the direct measurement of the neck profile, namely the determination of the specimen diameter in the minimum cross-section of the neck and the radius of its curvature. However, direct measurements of the neck are associated with certain difficulties. They include a small number of measurements corresponding to different instants of the test, as well as inaccurate determination of the radius of the neck curvature due to the subjective approach to the measurement process. The measurements become more accurate if you use some equation for the analytical description of the neck profile and perform the measurements using optical methods during the test. However, such processing algorithms are often inaccessible to researchers. In this regard, this work proposes a model for predicting the radius of the neck curvature that is formed during tensile testing the cylindrical specimens. This model relies on the volume conservation law and the analytical description of the neck profile using the one-parameter equation. To calculate the radius of the neck curvature at each instant of the test it is necessary to know only the current values of elongation and the minimum specimen diameter. The effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model is evaluated using the computer simulation. The simulation results show that the use of predicted radius of the neck curvature allows calculating the equivalent stresses close to proper ones without the need of the direct neck profile measurement.

The influence of the hardening curve of a material on the results of torsion tests of notched specimens

The article is devoted to the study of rheological properties of metals and alloys in a hot state. A method for torsion testing of materials is considered. It is known that the strain heterogeneity is observed along the gauge length of cylindrical specimens during torsion. Its value can reach several tens of percent, depending on a material and the quality of specimen preparation. Therefore, torsion tests are often carried out on specimens having a notch of a certain shape. In this work, the method of finite element modeling is used to study the effect of the hardening curve of a material on the strain distribution along the gauge length of specimens with a circular notch, as well as on the strain evolution in the minimum section of the notch. Using 12Kh18N9T steel and VT–16 and VT–33 titanium alloys as an example, three different variants of a hardening curve are considered, namely, monotonic hardening, monotonic softening, and also the curve with a local maximum of stress. The results of the study have shown that the stress-strain behaviour of a material has a significant effect on the strain distribution along the notch length of the specimen. In addition, the dependence of the strain value in the minimum cross-section of the specimen on the twist angle cannot be predicted. It makes difficult to control a test setup when it is necessary to provide accurate strain rate values during the test. The use of notched specimens for torsion testing requires the development of new automatic-control systems for changing the strain rate values in the minimum cross-section of the notch according to a specified time law.

A development of computer vision elements for processing the results of tensile tests of specimens and building diagrams of ultimate plasticity

The use of specimens with a round notch allows expanding the application of tensile tests in order to study the ultimate plasticity of materials. However the main difficulty in processing the results of experiments is the need to measure the radius of curvature of the neck and the diameter in the minimum cross-section of the specimen. These dimensions determine a stress triaxiality value of the material in the center of the neck according to the Bridgman model or the other ones. This article is devoted to the development of elements of a computer vision system designed to measure the neck, which is formed both on cylindrical specimens and on specimens with a notch. To extract the contour of the specimen and to measure the forming neck, the video recording of the test process on a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera is used. The paper proposes a method for recording the test process using the background, which allows to increase the accuracy of determining the contour of the specimen during subsequent image processing. The Sobel filter is used to extract the contour of the specimen, and a special neck profile equation allows to determine the neck dimensions.

Crystal growth, structure and laser performance of a new Yb3+:KBaY(MoO4)3 crystal

A Yb3+:KBaY(MoO4)3 (Yb3+:KBYM) crystal with dimensions of 51 mm × 27 mm × 10 mm was successfully grown by the TSSG method. The characteristics of the crystal structure and probability of good optical properties were analyzed. The absorption and emission spectra of Yb3+:KBYM crystal exhibit broadened bands, with the maximum absorption cross-sections of 1.17 × 10-20, 1.44 ×10-20 and 1.37 × 10−20 cm2 at 976 nm for X-, Y- and Z-polarizations, respectively. The corresponding absorption FWHMs are as wide as 77, 46 and 55 nm. The well-known re-absorption effect of Yb3+ in the crystal is discussed. Two methods, the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method (FL) and reciprocity method (RM) were adopted to compute the emission cross-sections and results show a certain discrepancy but the errors are allowable. The laser potentiality of the Yb3+:KBYM crystal was also evaluated by calculations of minimum inversion fraction βmin, saturation pump intensity Isat, the minimum pump intensity Imin and gain cross-sections spectra. Laser experiment was carried out and Watt-level continuous wave laser has been realized. Results indicate that the Yb3+:KBYM crystal with a disordered structure may be a potential laser media that can be used to generate tunable and ultrashort pulse laser emissions with high quality beam.

Теоретичний підхід до оцінки ймовірностей безвідмовної роботи транспортних та виробничих систем і ланцюгів постачань на основі їх логічних структурних схем надійності

The purpose of the work is to develop a method of estimating the probability of failure-free operation of transport systems on the basis of their logical structural diagrams of reliability, which makes it possible to evaluate their dependence on the level of probability and the number of elements and to predict and prevent failure of a chain or system as a whole. The theoretical substantiation of reliability estimation of functioning of transport systems using logical structural schemes of reliability is given and it is revealed that their construction is based on the analysis of consequences of failures of individual elements. Properties of elements and systems for their working and inoperable states are highlighted. The formulas for calculating the probability of failure-free operation and failure of the chain or the transport system as a whole, as well as their time to failure. The dependence of the probability of failure-free operation of the transport system on the level of probability and the number of its elements is shown. Cases of serial and parallel connection of elements in the transport system chain are considered. Methods of calculation of structural reliability schemes are presented and formulas are used for estimating the probability of trouble-free operation of technical and transport systems, as well as the probability of their failures. Dependencies of reliability indicators on number of elements are constructed. It shows the reliability estimation of bridged structural diagrams using the methods of minimum paths, minimum cross sections, transformation of the connection of elements "triangle" - "asterisk", a key element. It is found that complex technical and transport systems have a large number of elements, and therefore the reliability of such systems depends not only on the reliability of the individual elements, but also on the nature of the connections between them. Carrying out the reliability analysis of transport systems is possible with the help of their structural functional circuits of reliability and unlike physical circuits that reproduce physical connections between elements, logical reliability circuits are built to show what combinations of failures of individual elements of the system lead to failure of a circuit or system in general. Thus, the construction of logical reliability schemes is based on the analysis of the consequences of the causes of failures of individual elements, which can later be used in the development of theoretical bases for improving the reliability of the functioning of road transport systems.

Fused Deposition Modeling of Microfluidic Chips in Polymethylmethacrylate.

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most important thermoplastic materials and is a widely used material in microfluidics. However, PMMA is usually structured using industrial scale replication processes, such as hot embossing or injection molding, not compatible with rapid prototyping. In this work, we demonstrate that microfluidic chips made from PMMA can be 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM). We demonstrate that using FDM microfluidic chips with a minimum channel cross-section of ~300 µm can be printed and a variety of different channel geometries and mixer structures are shown. The optical transparency of the chips is shown to be significantly enhanced by printing onto commercial PMMA substrates. The use of such commercial PMMA substrates also enables the integration of PMMA microstructures into the printed chips, by first generating a microstructure on the PMMA substrates, and subsequently printing the PMMA chip around the microstructure. We further demonstrate that protein patterns can be generated within previously printed microfluidic chips by employing a method of photobleaching. The FDM printing of microfluidic chips in PMMA allows the use of one of microfluidics’ most used industrial materials on the laboratory scale and thus significantly simplifies the transfer from results gained in the lab to an industrial product.

Research review on improving the efficiency of multimodal transportation based on technological solutions

During the process of analyzing Russian and foreign studies in the field of multimodal cargo transportation, existing methods for improving the efficiency of the multimodal transport system are considered. Improving efficiency of multimodal transportation today is possible due to the optimization of the interaction system between the used modes of transport and transportation of goods. Cost reduction, optimization of cargo terminals, the formation and development of the transport corridors network also play an important role in improving this type of transportation. The use of the new capabilities of satellite navigation, as well as the importance of reducing the environmental load and fuel economy should not be underestimated. The minimization of risks throughout the field of multimodal transportation, the improvement of the legislative framework and document management processes are important. To solve these problems, experts propose methods for the operational management of cargo delivery and expedited transportation. Based on these methods, the place of transport logistics in the process of bringing goods to the consumer during multimodal transportation is determined. A methodology for designing a multimodal transport network has been developed, this methodology involves the formation and development of transport corridors, taking into account new conditions for the globalization of transportation. Researches on the organization of transportation using multimodal transport units and technologies (containers, contrailers, "running highway") have been conducted. Based on the theory of controlled networks and integer linear programming methods, the experts developed mathematical models for the distribution of cargo flows, the choice of the most favorable transportation routes, ideal loading of rolling stock, and transportation of goods using the best forwarding algorithm. Methods are proposed for assessing the maximum capacity of the transport network and predicting the interference of weather conditions in the process of goods transportation, based on the Ford-Fulkerson theorem on the maximum flow and minimum cross section and the use of the mathematical apparatus of Markov chains. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the lack of a universal methodology for managing multimodal transportation processes on the basis of a telecommunication platform requires the formulation and solution of the important scientific and practical problem - the development of popular organizational and management methods, technological solutions to ensure the effectiveness of multimodal transportation. The totality of the tasks to be solved in this case has important socio-economic significance for the Russian Federation.

Optimization of concrete stiffeners for confined brick masonry structures

In order to ensure safety of confined brick masonry structures, researchers have recommended the use of reinforced-concrete (RC) stiffeners. Most of the time, the seismic demand is much less than the provided strength even with the use of minimum stiffeners cross-section, concrete strength and reinforcement re-bars. Thus, there is a need to correlate the seismic demand with the stiffeners design. In this paper, the optimization of RC stiffeners is proposed using a diagonal approach and validated numerically. The purpose of this effort is to ensure both structural safety and economy at the same time. A total of 50 macro-models of brick masonry structures are developed and analyzed in SAP2000 for different seismic parameters. The principle critical stress and top maximum displacement (in-plane) are studied in detail. The prediction of cracks propagation is also made. The behaviour of different confined brick masonry structures (CBMS) are compared with that of unconfined brick masonry structure (UBMS). As anticipated, CBMS (with proposed stiffeners) performed better compared to UBMS for respective seismic loadings. It is concluded that the proposed optimized stiffeners in CBMS meet the required seismic demand for combinations of seismic loadings.

Growth and optical properties of ytterbium and rare earth ions codoped CaF2-SrF2 eutectic solid-solution (RE = Y3+, Gd3+, La3+)

Ytterbium and rare earth ions (RE = Y, Gd, La) codoped CaF2-SrF2 single crystals (3 at% Yb,6 at% RE:CaF2-SrF2) were fabricated by temperature gradient technology (TGT). All the space groups remain the same Fm3m as that of Yb:CaF2-SrF2. The lattice parameter a, unit cell volume V, as well as bond length of Ca/Sr–F and F–F increase in the sequence of rare-earth ions radius Y3+ < Gd3+ < La3+. The segregation coefficients of Yb ions are 0.87 in Yb,La:CaF2-SrF2 and Yb,Gd:CaF2-SrF2, which are larger than 0.85 in Yb,Y:CaF2-SrF2 and 0.80 in Yb:CaF2-SrF2. Absorption spectra in the range of 200 and 400 nm were analysed with Yb2+ contents. The absorption and emission cross-sections in the range of 900–1100 nm were determined together with fluorescence lifetime. The saturation pump density Isat, minimum pump density Imin and gain cross-section σg were analysed. Yb,La:CaF2-SrF2 has a relatively higher optical parameter (σem × τ, 0.52 × 10−20 cm2 ·ms), lower Isat (3.68 kW/cm2) and Imin (0.50 kW/cm2) at 1038 nm indicating the potential application in high power laser. Low phonon energy of CaF2-SrF2 is 302 cm−1 which is located between those of CaF2 and SrF2 as measured by Raman spectra. It is believed that ytterbium and rare earth ions (RE = Y3+, Gd3+, La3+) codoped CaF2-SrF2 eutectic solid-solution is promising for high-power and wavelength-tunable solid-state lasers.

CO2 and Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Soldier Piles: A Parametric Study with Harmony Search Algorithm

This paper presents the parametric modelling process of cantilever soldier pile walls based on CO2 and cost optimization with the Harmony Search Algorithm. The study attempted to fulfil the geotechnical and structural design requirements and sustainable usage necessities simultaneously. The variants of the optimum design process are selected as the cross-sectional characteristics of cantilever soldier piles such as the length and diameter of the pile, and the other design variables are the reinforcement detailing of the pile such as the diameter and the number of reinforcement bars. Besides the volume of the concrete, the unit prices of both reinforcement and concrete are evaluated as another part of the variants. The shear and flexural strength necessities, minimum cross section of the reinforcing bars and factor of safety values are identified as the constraints of the optimization. Different objective functions are defined to provide the minimum cost, the minimum CO2 emission and the integrated multi-objective evaluation of cost and CO2. In addition, the type of steel and concrete reinforcement on the optimum CO2 emission is investigated with the use of different material emission values that are selected from current literature studies. Consequently, the results of the optimization analyses are interrogated to investigate if the attainment of both minimum CO2 and cost balance can be achieved.

Evaluation of the Nasopharyngeal Cannula Use After Orthognathic Surgery: Permeability of the Nasal Airways and Discomfort of the Patient With Cleft Lip and Palate.

It is believed that the use of the nasopharyngeal cannula can maintain the patent upper airway in the immediate post-operative period of orthognathic surgery. The present study is a randomized clinical trial with the objective of evaluating the difference in the use of the nasopharyngeal cannula in the post-operative period of orthognathic surgery with respect to permeability and discomfort. The sample was composed of 26 individuals with repaired cleft lip and palate randomly distributed in 2 groups with and without nasopharyngeal cannula. The evaluation was composed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), test with Altman mirror in 4 pre-operative periods, 6, 24, 30 hours after the operation. Rhinomanometry was also performed, a flow- pressure technique in 2 distinct moments, 6 and 24 hours after surgery. As a result, greater discomfort, greater obstruction as well as a reduction in the area of bilateral minimum nasal cross-section (ASTM) and increased resistance in the group with nasopharyngeal cannula are observed. In the intra-group comparison with the lowest ASTM values, the test group showed a significant difference between the first and the second moments (P = 0.001). It can be concluded that the nasopharyngeal cannula contributes to increase discomfort, worsens airway permeability by decreasing ASTM and increasing nasal resistance. Regarding the length of stay of the nasopharyngeal cannula, it can be said that from 6 hours onwards it does not contribute to the reduction of discomfort, airway permeability and assist in hemostasis.

Decentralized differential drag based control of nanosatellites swarm spatial distribution using magnetorquers

Nanosatellites in the swarm initially move along arbitrary unbounded relative trajectories according to the launch initial conditions. Control algorithms developed in the paper are aimed to achieve the required spatial distribution of satellites in the along-track direction. The paper considers a swarm of 3U CubeSats in LEO, their form-factor is suitable for the aerodynamic control since the ratio of the satellite maximum to minimum cross-section areas is 3. Each satellite is provided with the information about the relative motion of neighboring satellites inside a specified communication area. The paper develops the corresponding decentralized control algorithms using the differential drag force. The required attitude control for each satellite is implemented by the active magnetic attitude control system. A set of decentralized control strategies is proposed taking into account the communicational constraints. The performance of these strategies is studied numerically. The swarm separation effect is demonstrated and investigated.

Modeling the effect of notch geometry on the deformation of a strongly anisotropic aluminum alloy

In this study, an elastic-plastic model with yielding described by a newly proposed orthotropic yield criterion was used to model the unusual deformation of a strongly textured AA6060 alloy. Available experimental data from tension tests and results of crystal plasticity simulations were used to determine the anisotropy coefficients involved in the yield criterion. Virtual material tests using a recent polycrystalline model were performed to obtain flow stresses for loadings where experimental data were not available. The capability of the elastic-plastic model to account for the distinct anisotropy of the material is demonstrated through comparison of finite element simulations and experimental tests on both smooth and notched axisymmetric specimens of the AA6060 alloy. Specifically, for the smooth specimen, the model predicts that the minimum cross-section evolves from a circle to an ellipse while for the notched specimens, the minimum cross-section evolves from a circular shape to an approximately rectangular, or rhomboidal shape, respectively as observed in the experiments. This model can be easily implemented in finite element codes, requires reduced CPU time compared to crystal plasticity finite element simulations, and can be applied in simulations of large-scale structural applications.