Unveiling the origins of Northern Thailand's haze: comprehensive chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 using targeted molecular markers.

Growth kinetics modeling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in natural mineral water.

This study aims to test the impact of consuming sodium-containing drinks (Pocari Sweat) on hydration levels during the bleep test, using urine color as an indicator. This study uses a quantitative method with a one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were 10 undergraduate students of Sports Coaching Education at Surabaya State University, and was conducted at the Surabaya State University Basketball Court in December 2025. The instruments used are urine cups and images of urine hydration levels. Data was collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study showed a significant difference in hydration levels after consuming sodium-containing fluids. In general, students who consumed sodium chloride showed brighter urine color, which indicates better body hydration conditions, compared to those who only consumed mineral water. This difference is associated with the electrolyte content (sodium, potassium, and magnesium) in sodium-containing drinks, which helps the absorption of fluids into cells more quickly and efficiently, and prevents excessive water excretion through urine. Mineral water, on the other hand, only replaces fluids without replacing lost electrolytes. It was concluded that sodium-containing drinks were more effective in maintaining and improving body hydration than regular mineral water, and it is important for athletes to pay attention to their intake of fluids containing electrolytes to maintain performance and minimize the risk of dehydration.

This article is devoted to the Koskorgan reservoir, which has been put into operation for irrigation of agricultural land since 1956 and is currently undergoing some environmental adverse effects. In recent decades, the reservoir has been significantly influenced by climatic changes and anthropogenic factors. The average annual decrease in inflow in the region over the past 30 years has reached 8...12%, which is associated with an increase in the average annual air temperature by 1,1...1,3 °C and a decrease in precipitation by 7...10%. The methodological base of the study included a comparative analytical method, a retrospective analysis of hydrological data for the period 1994...2024, as well as a comparison of reservoirs with international experience in adapting to climate change. The results showed an increase in water mineralization from 0,8...1,0 g/l in the 1994s to 1,5...1,7 g/l in the 2024s, as well as an increase in the concentration of nitrates and sulfates compared with sanitary standards by 15...20%. Based on the analysis, recommendations on integrated reservoir management are given, taking into account regional specifics and international experience.

Climate change and transboundary water use issues have a significant impact on the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River. This study analyzes the changes in the river's flow regime, the deterioration of water quality, and the impacts of these processes on the ecosystem. Since more than 90% of the river’s flow is formed outside Kazakhstan (in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan), special attention is given to transboundary water management challenges. The construction of the Shardara reservoir and the Koksaray counter-regulator has drastically altered the flow regime, while large-scale water withdrawals for agriculture, especially during the summer, have caused water shortages. As a result, the seasonal distribution of runoff has changed, negatively affecting the ecosystem of the lower reaches. It has been observed that, in the long-term hydrological dynamics of the lower Syrdarya, water availability sharply declined during the period 2017...2024. Water mineralization and pollution levels exceed permissible standards. In terms of water quality, the pollution level of the Syrdarya river is classified as class IV (moderately polluted). This situation underscores the need to introduce the concept of environmental flow and ensure its practical implementation in water resource management. The newly adopted Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Water Resources Management Concept for 2024...2030 are expected to serve as the foundation for positive changes in this field.

Objective. To analyze biological potential of mineral water “Nagutskaya No. 26” for correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus Material and methods. The study included patients with metabolic syndrome (n=40), type 2 diabetes (n=40) and healthy volunteers (n=60). At the first stage, the authors assessed the effect of mineral waters “Nagutskaya No. 26”, “Slavyanovskaya”, and “Essentuki No. 16” on glycemia and insulinemia in oral glucose tolerance test in healthy volunteers (glucose was dissolved in mineral waters, in the control group — in drinking water). Then, the effect of a single dose of mineral water “Nagutskaya No. 26” on hormonal regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as lipid peroxidation system was analyzed in all groups. Results were evaluated considering blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, insulin, cortisol, malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Results. Mineral waters stimulate early phase of insulin secretion and reduce alimentary hyperglycemia in delayed phase. In this regard, the most effective water was Essentuki No. 17 (increased insulinemia by 58.9% with glycemia decrease by 42.3%), less effective — Nagutskaya No. 26 (increased insulinemia by 46.4% with glycemia decrease by 27.8%). Minimal effect was observed for Slavyanovskaya (increased insulinemia by 11.8% with glycemia decrease by 4.1%). When patients with metabolic syndrome took Nagutskaya No. 26 water once, their glycemia decreased by 10.5% while insulin secretion increased by 22.6%, cortisol release decreased by 10.8%, and antioxidant enzymes were activated by 10.3-20.2%. Lipid metabolism parameters did not change significantly. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the effect of mineral water “Nagutskaya No. 26” was less pronounced: insulin production increased by 5.2%, while catalase activity increased by 7.6%. Conclusion. Mineral water “Nagutskaya No. 26” is similar to mineral water “Essentuki No. 17” regarding effect on regulating insulin-mediated carbohydrate metabolism. This water may be included in rehabilitation programs for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. However, its minimal impact on lipid profile requires additional inclusion of factors with anti-atherogenic effects.

Headwater streams comprise almost 90% of global river networks, and their microorganisms play critical roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. These functions, however, are affected by recurrent drying and rewetting. This study examined spatial variation in microbial enzyme activity tied to organic carbon degradation (β-glucosidase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and nitrogen (N-acetylglucosaminidase) and phosphorus (phosphatase) mineralization in water, epilithic biofilm, leaf litter, and sediment in two intermittent streams: Gibson Jack Creek (Idaho, USA) and Pendergrass Creek (Alabama, USA), representing different climactic and physiographic settings. Microbial activity was greater in Gibson Jack Creek, where the activity of leaf litter enzymes varied along the stream network, and there were strong correlations in microbial activity between different stream habitats. Microbial activity in Pendergrass Creek showed primarily within-habitat associations. Activity in water, sediment, and biofilm showed broader spatial heterogeneity in both stream networks. Ratios of microbial activity (enzyme stoichiometry) suggested that microbial communities in both systems were primarily limited by carbon and phosphorus, although there was more spatial variation in nitrogen limitation, particularly in water and sediment at Pendergrass Creek and in biofilm at Gibson Jack Creek. These findings underscore the spatial heterogeneity and environmental sensitivity of microbial processes in intermittent streams.

Objective: Global climate change has negative effects on plants. Also, abiotic stresses, especially water stress, have negative effects on plants. The aim of the study is to determine the responses of different tomato varieties in terms of plant development at young plant stage and different water levels. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the climate chamber of the Department of Horticulture, Sirnak University. F1-Seminis and SVTD 8008 F1-Hazera 5656 and tomato variety were used as materials and vermiculite as substrate and Hoogland nutrient solution for irrigation. The experiment was conducted under five irrigation levels: 15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (control).. Evaluation with 0-4 (score) Scale in green shoot , leaf number, plant height, plant stem, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll density (SPAD) in leaves, mineral elements (K, Ca), chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, total phenolic and total flavonoids were made. The trial was conducted according to the randomized plot design. Results: According to the measurement results in the experiment, Plant Height, Plant Stem, Fresh and Dry Weights, Leaf Area, Leaf Relative Water Content, Mineral Element (K, Ca), Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoids were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In water stress conditions, significant problems are experienced in plant production. Significant decreases are known, especially in plant growth and cell division. As a natural result of this, there are decreases in the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, leaf relative water content and dry matter content rates. In the study, it was determined that the F1-Hazera 5656 variety, which was subjected to water stress, was more tolerant to water stress than the F1-Seminis 8008 variety.

This article presents a comprehensive study of the nitrogen-radon thermal mineral waters of the Jety-Oguz area, located in the southeastern part of the Issyk-Kul intermountain artesian basin (Northern Tien Shan). Based on new data from chemical and isotopic (δ18O, δD) analyses of natural waters (lake, river, and mineral) and the chemical composition of the water-bearing rocks, we identify the formation mechanisms of mineral waters with diverse composition, total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature. Three main genetic types have been identified: (1) saline, high-TDS (up to 12.8 g/L) chloride sodium-calcium thermal waters (up to 32 °C). These waters are of meteoric origin and circulate within Middle Carboniferous carbonate rocks, acquiring their unique composition at depths of up to 3.0 km, where reservoir temperatures reach ~105 °C; (2) chloride-sulfate sodium-calcium waters (0.5 g/L, fresh, 22 °C), formed in alluvial deposits within the zone of active water exchange; and (3) low-TDS (1.8 g/L, brackish) waters of mixed composition, resulting from the mixing of a deep fluid with infiltrating meteoric waters. Isotopic data confirm a meteoric origin for all studied waters, including the high-TDS thermal types. The chemical composition diversity is attributed to several processes: mixing between the deep, high-TDS fluid and low-TDS infiltration waters, intense dissolution of evaporite rocks, and water–rock interaction. These findings are crucial for understanding the genesis of mineral waters in the Tien Shan intermountain basins and provide a scientific basis for their sustainable balneological exploitation.

The observed shortage of water resources in the western and southern regions of the Russian Federation may soon affect the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. An increase in the share of groundwaters can help to solve this problem. To provide the population of the republic with water resources, the groundwater of magnesium–bicarbonate-type from the Kraka ophiolite massifs can be used. The massifs occur on the western slope of the Southers Urals. In this work we studied ultramafic rocks and their influence on the formation of the chemical composition of water. The research area is located in the northern part of the Zilair synclinorium, which occurs within the Central Ural megazone. In terms of hydrogeology, of particular importance to the territory of the synclinorium is the Zilair basin of fracture waters of the second order, which is part of the Uralian hydrogeologic folded zone. The ultramafic rocks from the studied area have consistently high CaO/Al2O3 ratios (0.4–1.6), which indicates the widespread development of parageneses with participation of clinopyroxene and a low degree of depletion of the primitive mantle source. Because of the complex geological structure of the area, water samples collected from both water points in the Kraka massifs, and the surrounding Early–Middle Paleozoic rocks were analyzed for major ions using a laboratory method to identify possible hydro-geochemical zoning. A statistical analysis was then conducted based on the obtained anion–cation composition data. From the viewpoint of the hydrolytic concept, the formation of the chemical composition of groundwater takes place due to the removal of Mg2+ from the rock-forming minerals of ultramafic rocks (olivine and pyroxene) and the supply of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and SO42− Cl− from atmospheric precipitations. The bicarbonate anion has a complex nature, where both biochemical processes in the soil and atmospheric precipitation play a significant role. Magnesium–bicarbonate-type of waters, due to low mineralization (to 1 g/L) and the majority of other geochemical parameters (pH of the medium, and content of Na, K, Ca, SO4, and Cl), whose values that are within the limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), can be used as drinking water. The increased values of total hardness (0.20–3.39 mmol/L) in accordance with the regulatory document SanPiN 1.2.3685–21, adopted by the Russian Federation, do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (up to 7.00 (10.00) mEq/L or 3.50 (5.00) mmol/L). The high magnesium content, in accordance with GOST (state standard) R 54316–2020, allows the magnesium–bicarbonate waters of the Kraka massifs to be classified as table mineral waters for the treatment of various diseases (including hypomagnesemia).

A study was conducted of the effectiveness of underground sulfide mineral waters from well No. 516-re of the village of Brusnytsia, Vyzhnytskyi district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine, applied externally to villagers with osteoarthritis. The main group of 60 villagers (30 people) received baths with sulfide mineral water, the control group (30 people) the dynamics of pain syndrome was assessed using the visual analog pain scale (VAS) and the Leken algofunctional index, quality of life, using the standardized EuroQol-5D and 'WAM' (well-being, activity, mood) questionnaires. In patients of the main group, joint pain during movements, as measured on the VAS scale, decreased by 2.2 times, while pain at rest significantly reduced, whereas in the control group, this decrease was only 1.2 times (p< 0.05). In the main group, the total score on the Leken algofunctional index decreased almost twice, on the 'WAM' scale in the activity and mood categories, there was an improvement of 1.4 times, while in the control group, only 1.4 times and 1.2 times, respectively (p<0.05). Assessment of quality of life on the EuroQol-5D scale showed significant positive dynamics in all indicators of vital activity in patients of the main group. A course of external use of baths with underground sulfide boric medium-mineralized hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium waters in villagers with osteoarthritis of large joints contributed to increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment, and improving the quality of life.

Health tourism, including spa-based treatments, is an important segment of global travel, and its growth reflects increasing demand for experiences that combine physical well-being with contact with nature. Polish health spa resorts are rich in balneological resources such as mineral and thermal waters, peloids, and therapeutic gases, and they offer a variety of products and services based on geoheritage. This paper introduces the concept of geoproducts—goods and services inspired by abiotic nature—and explores their role in spa tourism and sustainable regional development. Through questionnaire surveys conducted in 48 Polish spa towns, the study examines how these resources are promoted and exploited, the forms and functions of local geoproducts, and the barriers to their dissemination. The results show that, although most spas acknowledge the value of geoheritage, promotion primarily employs traditional formats and is limited in educational content. Nevertheless, there is strong local interest in developing geotourism and geoeducation, especially through the creation of unique, regionally rooted products. The study underlines the potential of geoproducts to enhance spa attractiveness, support local economies, and contribute to broader environmental awareness.

The study reveals previously unknown facts about the Arnal family, who were well-known entrepreneurs and beverage producers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and their contribution to the Latvian economy – the production of mineral water, fruit powders, writing instruments (ink, typewriters, etc.), mustard, table vinegar and many other products, as well as their advertising in the press and at exhibitions. The descendants of the Arnal family studied at Riga Polytechnicum / Riga Polytechnic Institute. Family data have been compiled, revealing new and previously unknown personalities in the Latvian history. Additionally, facts have been uncovered about the family that lived in Latvia until 1940, when the Baltic German Arnals family emigrated.

INTRODUCTION. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common chronic diseases. AIM. To assess the clinical effectiveness of health-resort treatment (HRT) for patients with asthma lasting 7, 14, 18, and 21 days in order to determine its optimal duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In 2024, a multicenter randomized study was conducted at 3 scientific and clinical branches of the National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, including 64 patients with BA. Before and after the treatment courses, a general clinical examination, testing (exercise tolerance, quality of life test, ACT, hospital anxiety and depression scale), general blood test, spirometry were performed. Treatment of patients included: aerotherapy, halogenation, therapeutic exercises according to the method for diseases of the respiratory system, exposure to low-intensity laser radiation on the projection of the roots of the lungs, exposure to an alternating magnetic field on the area of the back of the chest, inhalations with mineral water, gas-air carbon dioxide baths (Reabox, Russia), dosed walking along the terrain cure routes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. After 7 days of HRT, there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of asthma attacks (McNemar's χ2 = 21.76, p = 0.005), the need for symptomatic treatment (McNemar's χ2 = 21.76, p = 0.005) and improvement in ACT questionnaire scores (Z = 2.02; p = 0.04), which persisted during 14, 18 and 21 days of health-resort treatment (p 0.05 according to the Wilcoxon test). With health-resort treatment lasting 14, 18, and 21 days, there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients complaining of shortness of breath (McNemar's χ2 = 21.76, p = 0.005), and an increase in FEV1 and FVC values (Z = 3.4, p = 0.001; Z = 3.35; p = 0.0001 — comparison group 2; Z = 3.06, p = 0.002; Z = 3.06; p = 0.002 — comparison group 2; Z = 2.24, p = 0.03; Z = 2.24; p = 0.03 — comparison group 4, respectively). The patients in all groups showed a statistically significant increase in the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (Z = 3.18, p = 0.0002; Z = 3.82; p = 0.0001; Z = 3.0, p = 0.001; Z = 3.62; p = 0.0003, respectively), with HRT durations of 14, 18, and 21 days – an improvement in quality of life (Z = 2.77; p = 0.006; Z = 2.37, p = 0.02; Z = 1.95; p = 0.049, respectively), with a 21-day duration — a decrease in depression levels (Z = 2.2; p = 0.028). When comparing the increase or decrease in indicators between the patient groups, no statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION. The minimum sufficient period of health-resort treatment for patients with bronchial asthma was determined to be 7 days, with 14 days being the optimal period.

Carbon labels play an important role in guiding responsible consumption and production, yet consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for carbon-labelled products remains poorly understood in China. This study proposes a conceptual framework to measure the WTP for carbon-labelled drinks among Chinese college students. Using the contingent valuation method, we collect 1,787 questionnaires and find that college students are willing to pay a price premium of 17.5%, 13.5%, and 12.9% for carbon-labelled mineral water, milk, and wine, respectively. We show that environmental awareness, perception of carbon labels, attitudes towards carbon labels, and publicity positively influence consumers’ WTP in different pathways. Attitudes mediate the effects of environmental awareness and publicity on WTP, while perception influences WTP only indirectly via attitudes. These findings are expected to not only deepen the understanding of the mechanism behind WTP for carbon-labelled products, but also to provide valuable insights into the promotion of carbon labels in China and other emerging economies worldwide.

Abstract Studies of Chang’e-5 samples have indicated a high content of solar wind-derived water at middle latitudes on the lunar surface. However, the implantation-diffusion and retainment of solar wind water at lunar daytime temperatures remains unclear, leaving the formation and preservation of solar wind-derived water in minerals poorly understood. Here, we conducted experiments on 1.5 keV deuterium (D) ions implanted into silicate minerals at 356 K to simulate the solar wind proton implantation at noon in the middle latitudes of the Moon. The results showed that OD formed and partial D reached several micrometers depth in the minerals after implantation, which was a result of radiation-enhanced diffusion. The diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 10−11–10−12 cm2/s and was affected by the implantation fluence, temperature, and mineral crystal structure. This study provides insights into the distribution of water on the lunar surface by investigating the formation and diffusion of solar wind-derived water preserved in different minerals at elevated temperatures.

Background/Objectives: The recovery of latent fingerprints from submerged evidence remains a critical challenge in forensic science, as ridge details deteriorate rapidly once under water. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three established fingerprint development techniques—cyanoacrylate fuming, small particle reagent (SPR), and powder dusting—on non-porous substrates (glass slides and stainless steel blades) immersed in different water types representative of Rajasthan’s Shekhawati region. The objective was to evaluate the influence of water composition and immersion duration on the quality and reproducibility of developed prints. Methods: Experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Fingerprints were submerged in hard water, mineral water, and rainwater for durations of 10 min, 1 day, 5 days, and 10 days. Each condition was replicated three times. Developed fingerprints were assessed for ridge clarity using a five-point scoring scale, and the results were statistically analyzed using Chi-Square and correlation tests. Results: Cyanoacrylate fuming consistently produced the highest quality ridge detail across all submersion periods, particularly in mineral and rainwater environments. SPR exhibited moderate effectiveness, while powder dusting showed limited performance under all conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that fingerprint quality was significantly affected by water composition, substrate type, and immersion duration (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The study highlights that fingerprint recovery from submerged non-porous evidence depends strongly on water chemistry and exposure time. Cyanoacrylate fuming is confirmed as the most reliable method, while environmental variables such as ion content and water hardness play decisive roles in fingerprint preservation and visualization.

The relevance of the conducted research is due to the need for continuous supply of energy raw materials to half of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) living in the Central regions, inclu­-ding the city of Yakutsk. The industrial characteristics of the main operational facility of the Srednevilyui gas condensate field are given, indicating the imminent onset of the next stage of development using booster compressor stations. The expediency of extending the non-compressor stage of field development by maintaining reservoir pressure is noted. Purpose of the study: justification of the method of reservoir pressure maintenance by activating the energy of dissolved natural gas in formation water. Results and discussion: information on the composition, mineralization and activity of the hydrogeological system of the field and the geological region is presented. The conclusion is made about the relatively low mineralization of formation waters of the Lower Triassic productive horizon and a sufficiently high content of dissolved gas in it. An unconventional multiplicative method for maintaining formation pressure with the connection of the process of active degassing of formation waters by injecting highly mineralized waters is proposed. It is emphasized that this method also increases the viscosity of aquifer waters due to an increase in mineralization. The resource potential of dissolved gas in formation waters of the transition zone is shown by calculation. Several options for mineralization of injected water based on raw materials from the Kempendyai salt deposit are considered. Based on the analysis of the internal heterogeneity of the main productive horizon, the most favorable area of the deposit for experimental injection of mineralized water into the reservoir has been identified. An optimal candidate well for flooding the aquifer part of the main productive horizon is proposed. A significant excess of potential hydrostatic pressure over the initial formation pressure in the well is shown, which will make it possible to avoid the use of powerful compressor pumps. Conclusion: the expediency of extending the compressor-free stage of development or completely abandoning the compressor stage is noted. If positive results are obtained from pilot work, It is proposed to scale up the injection of mineralized water throughout the entire field contour, taking into account the increase in salt production.

The article is devoted to the prominent Russian historian of medicine and bibliographer, Doctor of Medicine Lev F. Zmeev (1832—1901), the author of bibliographic dictionaries and monographs on the history of medicine of the 16th — 19th centuries, in which he emphasised the originality of the development of the Russian medical profession. Lev F.Zmev worked in the Caucasian Mineral Waters Administration, in the Samara and Voronezh zemstvos, in the Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He served in hospitals during the Russian-Turkish war (1877—1878). He lectured on the history of medicine in Russia at the Military Medical Academy. He was also one of the organizers of societies of Russian doctors in Pyatigorsk, Moscow, St. Petersburg.

An assessment of the technical condition of the hydraulic infrastructure in the irrigation network was carried out to determine their potential environmental impact. Non-destructive testing methods were used to examine the condition of the hydraulic infrastructure. Between 2023 and 2024, increased levels of water mineralization, bicarbonates, and calcium ions were detected in irrigation water. Soil samples revealed elevated concentrations of ammonium and chloride ions. Cracks and voids penetrating the entire lining of irrigation canals were identified, leading to water filtration losses into the soil and potential contamination of both the soil cover and shallow groundwater (depth range 0.8–4.3 m). A significant excess of pollutant concentrations was recorded in water, bottom sediments, and soils, associated with the intensive application of mineral fertilizers during the growing season.