Threshold dose of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-glycosides on mineral metabolism and circulating serotonin and dopamine in bovines.

Development and evaluation of a 3D-engineered neural co-culture system: Impacts on oxidative stress, pentose phosphate pathway, trace element and mineral metabolisms.

This is the first study to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-treated hawthorn vinegar on bone biomechanical performance, plasma biochemical markers, and bone ash content. The findings provide new insights into how bioactive compounds in vinegar can support skeletal health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-treated hawthorn vinegar on bone health by assessing its impact on bone biomechanics, mineral metabolism, and biochemical properties in rats. Our study investigated the effects of ultrasound-treated hawthorn vinegar on bone biomechanics, biochemical properties, and overall bone quality. Forty female rats were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, receiving either untreated or ultrasound-treated hawthorn vinegar at doses of 0.5 ml/kg and 1 ml/kg. To assess the potential benefits of hawthorn vinegar on skeletal health, we analyzed bone mechanical properties, plasma and intestinal calcium and phosphorus levels, cortical bone area, and bone ash content. The results revealed that rats receiving ultrasound-treated hawthorn vinegar exhibited a significant increase in ultimate moment values, reduced maximum angles at failure, and higher energy to failure values compared to the control group, indicating enhanced bone strength. Additionally, it led to increased plasma calcium levels, reduced intestinal phosphorus concentrations, and higher tibial ash content. These findings suggest that ultrasound-treated hawthorn vinegar may promote bone health by improving biomechanical strength and mineral metabolism, thereby contributing to overall bone quality. The findings highlight the beneficial effects of hawthorn vinegar on bone health, attributed to its high antioxidant and phenolic content. As the first to compare ultrasound-treated and untreated hawthorn vinegar, the results emphasize the role of bioactive compounds in enhancing bone biomechanics, suggesting its potential as a functional food for skeletal health.

Vitamin (Vit) D, which is produced by exposure of the skin to sunlight, is necessary for mineral metabolism and skeletal health, as well as having anti-inflammatory and immune boost effects in the organism. It is also known that melatonin, which regulates the sleep/wake cycle, circadian and seasonal rhythms, has immunostimulatory activity like Vit D. It is also known that there is a relationship between melatonin and Vit D at the level of the Vit D receptor, thus causing Vit D to increase its cellular activities. In the light of this information, it was aimed to investigate the effects of chronic Vit D mechanism on some blood parameters in rats in this study. Spraque Dawley rats used in the study were divided into 4 groups. For 4 weeks, animals in the control, melatonin, Vit D, and Vit D restriction groups were chronically injected saline (1 ml/kg; ip), melatonin (10 mg/kg; ip), Vit D (2.5 μg/kg; ip), and saline (1 ml/kg; ip), respectively. Vit D restriction was applied to rats in the Vit D restriction group, both as a light source and through feeding. At the end of the experiment, 1 ml of EDTA blood sample was collected from the animals and hematocrit (PCV, %), hemoglobin amount (Hb, g/dl), red blood cell count (RBC, x106/mm3), white blood cell count (WBC, x103/mm3), leukocyte ratio (%), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, mm/h) were measured. The current findings demonstrate that chronic Vit D, melatonin use and chronic Vit D restriction causes the decrease in PCV and Hb without changing the other RBC related parameters. In terms of WBC, chronic Vit D, melatonin use and chronic Vit D restriction led to decrease in N/L ratio without altering number and other leucocytes ratios.

Rickets, a disorder of bone formation, was originally known as nutritional rickets due to vitamin D deficiency. Advances in science have since identified various genetic forms, typically involving loss-of-function mutations in vitamin D activation or other mineral metabolism pathways. Recently, type 3 rickets was identified as a previously undescribed gain-of-function mutation in CYP3A4 (Ile301Thr). This mutant enzyme leverages the unique features of cytochrome P450 to produce an inactive vitamin D metabolite, 11α,25(OH)2D3, resulting in insufficient active vitamin D. The discovery of this unique gain-of-function aetiology and its associated metabolite opens a significant new direction in rickets research.

Boron is a trace element with multifaceted chemical and biological properties that underpin its emerging relevance in human health and medicinal chemistry. Although present in organisms at very low concentrations, boron participates in key physiological processes, including mineral metabolism, bone homeostasis, hormonal regulation, immune modulation, and redox balance. Its unique electronic structure—characterized by electron deficiency and the ability to form multi-center bonds—gives rise to diverse allotropic, cluster, and coordination chemistries, enabling the formation of biologically active complexes and therapeutic agents. Dietary boron, derived mainly from plant-based foods, is efficiently absorbed and predominantly excreted by the kidneys, showing a strong correlation between intake and urinary levels. Current evidence suggests beneficial effects of boron on bone mineral density, cognitive function, inflammation, antioxidant defenses, and metabolic regulation, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain partially understood. In medicinal chemistry, a broad spectrum of boron-containing compounds—including borates, boronic acids, boronated amino acids, carboranes, and metallacarboranes—has gained clinical and preclinical importance. These compounds serve as enzyme inhibitors, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, metabolic modulators, and critical boron carriers in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which leverages the neutron-capture properties of 10B for targeted cancer treatment. Advances in synthesis, functionalization, and nanocarrier design have expanded the therapeutic potential of boron-based molecules. Ongoing research aims to optimize their selectivity, biodistribution, safety, and diagnostic integration. Overall, boron represents a versatile and rapidly developing component of modern biomedical science, with promising implications for oncology, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and precision medicine.

Bone disorders associated with advanced renal failure represent one of the most complex manifestations of chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), resulting from multifactorial imbalances affecting calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D homeostasis. Chronic renal dysfunction progressively disrupts mineral metabolism, leading to renal osteodystrophy, pathological fractures, and vascular calcifications. These complications directly impact patients’ quality of life and prognosis, requiring an integrated approach based on biochemical, densitometric, and clinical assessment. Understanding the connection between physiological processes and bone tissue responses allows for the optimization of therapeutic strategies, focusing on controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism and correcting nutritional and hormonal deficiencies. Currently, interdisciplinary management and continuous monitoring of mineral metabolism are essential to mitigate skeletal complications and improve survival in advanced renal disease. This analysis underscores the importance of integrating pathophysiological knowledge with clinical practice to promote more effective and personalized patient care.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary manganese deficiency and compare the impact of manganese macroparticles (MnCO3) and nanoparticles (Mn2O3NPs) on bone remodeling and metabolism. Twenty-seven male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 9): control (standard MnCO3, 65 mg Mn/kg), manganese-deficient, and Mn2O3NPs-supplemented (65 mg Mn/kg). After a 12-week feeding period, bone-related markers and gene expression were analyzed in the femur and blood. Mn-deficient rats showed reduced plasma levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), interferon-β (IFN-β), RANKL glycoprotein, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), vitamin K2, and collagen turnover markers (PINP, CTX-1, NTX). Femur levels of BALP, TRAP5b, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), osteonectin, calcitonin, PICP, PINP, and CTX-1 were also decreased. Replacing MnCO3 with Mn2O3NPs increased IFN-γ but lowered IFN-β and 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels in plasma. This treatment also decreased the femur level of BALP and calcitonin, and the RANKL:OPG ratio, while increasing the expression level of Sp7 and Ctsk genes. To conclude, our results suggest that manganese deficiency is associated with suppressed bone turnover and altered mineral metabolism. Furthermore, replacing MnCO3 with Mn2O3 nanoparticles did not yield the anticipated benefits for bone remodeling, as evidenced by the observed imbalances in osteogenic and resorptive markers, indicating a need for cautious evaluation of nanoparticle-based supplementation.

Background/Objectives: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are chronic, life-threatening genetic disorders with a significant cumulative prevalence worldwide. Advances in early diagnosis and treatment have significantly increased life expectancy, underscoring the need for specialised adult care units and the establishment of structured transition programmes from paediatric to adult services. We hereby present a functional transition model for IEM patients and share our implementation experience. Methods: Initiated in 2012, the partnership between the paediatric Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD) and the adult-care centre at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB) culminated in 2019 with the transference of the first IEM patients under the structured A10! Programme. This model is structured around the transition units of paediatric and adult centres to guarantee communication and functional management. Regular monthly meetings at each centre and joint quarterly sessions allowed for protocol harmonisation and personalised care planning. Coordinated engagement of the multidisciplinary health care teams with patients and families smoothed the transfer process. Results: Between 2019 and 2024, 94 IEM patients were successfully transferred. Diagnoses included intermediary metabolism defects (71.23%), lipid metabolism and transport disorders (4.25%), heterocyclic compound metabolism (2.12%), complex molecules and organelle dysfunction (6.37%), cofactor and mineral metabolism (2.12%), signalling defects (5.31%), and unclassified cases (8.51% of rare disorders, maybe non-IEM). Transition formats included 21 in-person joint visits in HSJD, 37 remote transitions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 36 streamlined transfers via standardised protocols. Sessions, trainings, and meetings allowed the exchange of patients' needs and protocols. Conclusions: The successful transference of IEM patients requires structured programmes with interdisciplinary paediatric and adult teams, joining efforts with the patient, families, and caregivers. Communication between paediatric and adult transition units is essential to promote continuity of care and patient empowerment. While constantly updated, this model has proven effective, gaining positive evaluations from healthcare professionals and patients alike, representing a scalable framework for lifelong management of IEM in adult care settings.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with gut microbiota alterations that contribute to increased inflammation and the generation of uremic toxins and may worsen the disease progression. While probiotics may improve the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, their effects on mineral metabolism, vascular calcification (VC), and CKD progression remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a commercial probiotic (Probimel) supplementation on kidney function, mineral metabolism, inflammation and VC in both an experimental rat model and patients with advanced CKD and VC. The experimental model of VC was performed through 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), a high-phosphate diet, and calcitriol. Animals were divided into three groups: Sham, Nephrectomy, and Nephrectomy + Probiotic. In the exploratory clinical study, 23 patients with advanced stage 5 CKD and VC were randomized and either received or did not receive daily probiotics for 6 months. Kidney function, mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, inflammation, VC, and fecal microbiota were evaluated. Probiotic supplementation decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interpheron-γ (IFN-γ) and levels of the uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), in the experimental model. However, no clear evidence of improvement in kidney function or vascular calcification was observed in either rats or patients with this probiotic. Under our experimental and clinical conditions, the selected probiotic did not modify key parameters related to CKD progression or VC.chronic kidney disease; probiotics; uremic toxins; inflammation; vascular calcification; microbiota

Plants traditionally used in folk medicine require a thorough study for their possible introduction into modern medical practice. One such plant is Potentilla anserina L., which has been widely used in Oriental medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, choleretic, and immunomodulating properties. The study of its elemental composition is important for assessing its therapeutic potential. Our research showed that 24 out of 28 analyzed chemical elements followed a basipetal accumulation pattern, while P, Mg, S, and Li exhibited acropetal distribution. The content of macro- and microelements in plants exhibited significant variability (CV 10–90%) across different growing conditions, with roots showing a broader concentration range than aerial parts. It was noted that in the area of subaquatic discharge of thermal waters, plants accumulate more Na, S, Sr, Li, and Zn (near the high-temperature outlet) and W, Mo, and Cu (near the low-temperature outlet). This selectivity in the uptake and transportation of elements may indicate the high adaptive capacity of mineral metabolism in P. anserina, which allows this species to successfully grow in different environmental conditions. The significant concentrations of essential trace elements such as Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr in the above-ground parts of these plants make them promising for preventing and correcting their deficiency.

Second edition of the "do not do" recommendations from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN).

Bonehealth is influenced by a dynamic interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, with nutrition playing a vital role throughout life. This review consolidates the current evidence on the roles of essential micronutrients, specifically calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and phosphorus, in skeletal metabolism and integrity. Calcium and vitamin D, the most extensively studied, have been shown to reduce bone loss and fracture risk, particularly in institutionalized individuals or those with deficiencies, while evidence is less consistent in the general population. Although vitamin K, magnesium, and phosphorus are important for bone physiology, the clinical evidence supporting their supplementation is either limited or context dependent. Additionally, this review explores the current status of micronutrient intake in Brazil and discusses potential risks associated with excessive or inappropriate supplementation, such as cardiovascular issues and mineral metabolism disturbances. An individualized, evidence-informed approach may be beneficial in optimizing bone health while minimizing adverse effects.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Best Paper Award 2025.

Abstract Background SGLT2i have demonstrated reno-protective effects in patients with CKD. However, concerns remain regarding their potential effect on bone mineral metabolism. This study investigated the impact of dapagliflozin on bone health in non-diabetic patients with CKD. Methods This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 100 non-diabetic adults with CKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25-75 ml/min/1.73 m2. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 12 months and stratified by age and eGFR. Serum creatinine, eGFR, urinary protein-creatinine, calcium-creatinine, and phosphorus-creatinine ratios were measured at baseline and after 12 months. Bone health was assessed at the same timepoints using bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BSAP], Total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP]) and bone resorption markers (carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX-1], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b [TRAP-5b]). Moreover, Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to assess volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Results Participants had a mean age of 53.5 ± 11.1 years, with no significant baseline differences between groups. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced proteinuria compared to placebo (P = 0.012), without significantly affecting eGFR. Both groups experienced significant decreases in BSAP and TRAP-5b levels (P < 0.001), with no intergroup differences. P1NP remained stable in both groups. CTX-1 levels increased significantly in the placebo group (P = 0.032) but not in the dapagliflozin group without significant intergroup differences. No significant differences in vBMD or T-scores at any lumbar or total lumbar spine were observed between groups after one year. Conclusions This exploratory RCT did not demonstrate any meaningful impact of dapagliflozin on both bone turnover and QCT markers. While these findings provide reassuring preliminary evidence, larger studies are needed to definitively establish long-term bone safety of dapagliflozin in non-diabetic patients with CKD.

Liver and intestine transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of phytase-driven nutrient utilization and metabolic regulation in hybrid catfish.

Meta-organismal tryptophan metabolism: an appealing therapeutic target in CKD-MBD.

The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers of zinc and copper status in patients with thyroid nodules. A cross-sectional study of 122 participants with thyroid nodules, diagnosed with cytological examinations (Nodule group) and 72 healthy subjects (Control group) were performed. Anthropometric data were collected; plasma concentrations of zinc and copper were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined in an automatic biochemical analyzer using spectrophotometry to quantify the enzyme activity. The content of Zn in plasma was lower in the Nodule group than in the Control group, but plasma copper, copper/zinc ratio and erythrocyte SOD activity were higher in the Nodule group (p < 0.001). The levels of Cu and Zn are in the normal range, but the ratio Cu/Zn is altered in nodules group. Thyroid nodule patients exhibited changes in zinc and copper biomarker status compared to healthy individuals. The Cu/Zn ratio is a much more sensitive parameter for evaluating mineral metabolism in thyroid diseases.

Effects of dietary phosphorus and myo-inositol supplementation on NaPi-IIb and TRPV6 protein expression in duodenal apical membranes of laying hens from two strains

This study assessed blood levels and interrelationships of toxic (Pb, Cd, Cr) and essential (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Ca) metals in adult male residents of a rural coal mining area (rCMA, n = 63) and an unexposed agricultural area (rAA, n = 60). All participants were healthy, disease-free, and had lived in their respective locations for over five years. Mean blood concentrations of Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, and Co were significantly higher in rCMA than in rAA (p < 0.05). Among toxic metals, Pb showed the highest apparent absorption and retention. Pb and Cd were strongly correlated in both groups (r = 0.50-0.60, p < 0.0001), and, in rCMA, both metals exhibited negative associations with Fe and Ca, suggesting interference with essential mineral metabolism. Iron was inversely associated with Zn and positively correlated with Co, indicating potential nutrient imbalances, including Zn deficiency, under elevated Fe exposure. These results demonstrate that chronic, low-level exposure to multiple environmental metals can alter essential nutrient dynamics even when individual metal concentrations remain below toxic thresholds. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating multi-metal interaction into environmental health monitoring and developing targeted nutritional strategies for populations in industrially impacted regions.