Mindfulness-based group therapy for auditory hallucination management in schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

Anesthesiology residents face high levels of occupational stress that can negatively impact their well-being and quality of life. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has emerged as a promising intervention to support mental health in healthcare professionals. To evaluate the effectiveness of a modified MBSR program on quality of life among anesthesiology residents. This prospective, single-group pre-post intervention study included 27 third-year anesthesiology residents (mean age 28.8 ± 1.9 years; 59.3% female) from a tertiary care hospital. Participants completed a 6-week modified MBSR program consisting of three 15- minute sessions per week. Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey before and after the intervention. Pre-post comparisons were conducted using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests as appropriate. Significant improvements were observed in five of eight SF-36 domains: Physical Functioning (91.67 ± 11.43 vs. 97.96 ± 4.65, p = 0.001), Role-Physical (60.19 ± 33.44 vs. 81.48 ± 22.56, p = 0.006), Bodily Pain (74.81 ± 19.01 vs. 89.44 ± 15.60, p = 0.049), Vitality (48.33 ± 15.75 vs. 71.67 ± 17.26, p = 0.001), and Mental Health (59.89 ± 13.39 vs. 78.96 ± 14.73, p = 0.004). No significant sex-based differences in treatment response were observed. A brief, modified MBSR program significantly improved multiple dimensions of quality of life in anesthesiology residents. These findings support the integration of mindfulness-based interventions into residency training programs to enhance resident well-being.

The continued employment of educators has emerged as a significant challenge within Indian educational institutions, as increasing burden demands, swift digital transformation, and results-oriented governance frameworks have heightened the psychological stress among faculty members. Although mindfulness-based therapies have been well recognised for their ability to improve well-being, there is little data on their efficacy when used as formal HR tactics to improve retention. This study examines how mindfulness-based HR interventions influence psychological outcomes and job attitudes, and subsequently, educators’ intention to remain within their institutions. A structured online survey was administered using quantitative and explanatory research methods, and data were collected from 300 teaching faculty members from public, private, and autonomous educational institutions in India. To evaluate the postulated structural connections, Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted using SmartPLS 4. The findings of the suggested study paradigm provide empirical evidence of the degree to which mindfulness-related HR practices improve emotional well-being and self-efficacy, subsequently leading to greater job satisfaction and enhanced organisational commitment. Such positive job attitudes strengthen the intention to retain faculty members. These findings reveal the potential of mindfulness, when incorporated into HR systems instead of being provided as separate wellness activities, as an economical and highly usable retention strategy within higher education. The study contributes theoretically by integrating the concepts of mindfulness and retention through a psychological and attitudinal framework, as well as providing practical value for HR and educational policymakers who aim to enhance workforce stability in higher education.

Oncology nurses are frequently subjected to significant psychological stress due to the demanding nature of cancer care, which negatively impacts their mental and physical health as well as the quality of patient care. Although Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction has been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating stress, practitioners often encounter barriers such as limited engagement and difficulty maintaining regular practice. To enhance engagement and adherence, we integrated art elements into the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction framework, creating the Mindfulness-Based art therapy program, and evaluated its effectiveness among oncology nurses. A three-arm randomized controlled trial. 90 oncology nurses participated (Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy group = 30, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction group = 30, waitlist controls group = 30) in an 8-week program. Stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and mindfulness levels were assessed at baseline, immediately after the fourth week of intervention, and immediately after the intervention concluded. Compliance and satisfaction were evaluated using attendance rates and satisfaction questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze general data; intervention effects were compared using one-way ANOVA and generalized estimating equations, and compliance and satisfaction were compared using independent samples t-test. Both Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction significantly improved stress, physiological markers, and mindfulness vs. controls. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction better reduced depression (β = -2.980, 95% CI: -5.427, -0.533, p = 0.017), while Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy was superior for fatigue (β = -11.582, 95% CI: -20.615, -2.550, p = 0.012). Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy had higher adherence (93.3% vs. 73.3%, p < 0.05) and satisfaction (3.27 ± 0.45 vs. 2.40 ± 0.52, p = 0.01). For oncology nurses, Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy is as effective as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for improving stress and mindfulness, while providing greater adherence, satisfaction, and more consistent fatigue reduction. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300078124 (http://www.chictr.org.cn), 30/11/2023.

Autonomic indices of negative emotion regulation predict treatment response in opioid-treated chronic low back pain.

Critical thinking and self-confidence are important concepts for nursing students. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) on the critical thinking dispositions and self-confidence levels of nursing students. A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a parallel-group design with pretest and posttest measurements. A total of 53 nursing students completed the study. The intervention group participated in an 8-week MBAT program, whereas the control group received no intervention during this period. During the pretest phase, the intervention and control groups showed no statistically significant differences in their mean scores on the Critical Thinking Disposition and Self-Confidence scales (p > .05). However, following the MBAT program, the intervention group showed notably higher mean scores than the control group in both the posttest and follow-up assessments (p < .001). The findings indicate that MBAT effectively enhances critical thinking disposition and self-confidence levels in nursing students.

The pregnancy and postpartum period represent a sensitive transitional phase characterized by significant physiological and psychological changes in women’s lives, during which various psychological issues may emerge. A psychological condition frequently encountered in this period is postpartum depression. This may directly affect maternal health and adversely influence the infant and the mother-infant interaction. Among treatment options, psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatments are prominent, with especially cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy being widely preferred approaches for addressing this disorder. However, both therapeutic methods have certain limitations. Given the limitations of existing treatment methods, there is a pressing need for more effective and innovative intervention approaches to address this disorder. In this context, third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies offer new treatment alternatives that have the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional therapeutic approaches. In this review, postpartum depression is examined from the perspective of third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies. The main findings regarding the intervention processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Metacognitive Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Therapies, and Compassion-Focused Therapy are discussed. As a result, with third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches the negative effects of pregnancy and the postpartum period on women could be alleviated by working on issues such as acceptance of emotions, ruminative thinking, emotion regulation skills, and increasing awareness of internal processes.

Sleep quality is a crucial indicator of overall health of older adults, who are vulnerable to sleep-related complications such as increased risk for anxiety, dementia, and falls. Sleep disturbances are common in this population and can be exacerbated by comorbidities, including chronic pain and depression. This article explores the research around mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), which have gained attention as a nonpharmacologic approach to improving sleep quality. MBIs, including mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, and mindfulness-based exercises such as yoga and tai chi have shown many benefits for older adults, including improved sleep duration and quality, decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression, and reduced pain. Findings suggest that mindfulness is an effective, low-risk, low-cost way to enhance sleep in older adults, particularly when delivered within structured programs. Early findings also suggest that these interventions may be effectively delivered via digital platforms (such as mindfulness apps), providing increased accessibility and convenience for the older adult population. Nurses should assess patients' sleep quality, address any health issues that might interfere with sleep, and educate older adult patients about the benefits of MBIs as a nonpharmacologic intervention for sleep disturbances.

This study employed a network meta-analysis to compare the effects of multiple mindfulness-based interventions on stress and mindfulness levels among nursing students. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science for clinical randomized controlled trials evaluating mindfulness therapies for stress and mindfulness outcomes in nursing students. The search spanned from each database's inception to 28 February 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane-recommended Risk of Bias tool. Analyses were performed using Stata 14.0 software. Eight articles, encompassing 744 participants, were incorporated into the analysis. Compared with acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, mindfulness meditation and the control group were all effective in reducing stress scores among nursing students. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values indicated the following ranking for the efficacy of reducing stress scores in nursing students: mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy > mindfulness meditation > control > acceptance and commitment therapy. Regarding the enhancement of mindfulness scores, mindfulness meditation demonstrated more significant improvement in nursing students' mindfulness scores than the control and acceptance and commitment therapy groups. Additionally, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy led to greater increases in mindfulness scores compared with acceptance and commitment therapy. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values suggested the following ranking for improving nursing students' mindfulness scores: mindfulness meditation > mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy > control > acceptance and commitment therapy. Mindfulness meditation might represent the optimal intervention. Nevertheless, considering the quality and methodological constraints associated with the included diverse interventions, findings require further validation to strengthen the robustness of the conclusions.

Mindfulness-based therapy for adolescent internet gaming disorder: A feasibility and pilot study.

Pharmacological and behavioral interventions are commonly used to manage attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This disorder is highly prevalent among children and adolescents. New non-pharmacological approaches, including mindfulness-based therapies (MBT), neurofeedback, and working memory training (WMT), may represent potential alternatives. This network meta-analysis aims to assess the comparative effectiveness of various nonpharmacological interventions for pediatric ADHD. Electronic databases were searched to identify clinical trials that compared different treatments in ADHD to each other, usual care, or waiting list from inception to March 22, 2025. Sixteen studies representing 806 participants were included in this study. The network compared several intervention types: MBT, neurofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), WMT, and behavioral parent training (BPT) versus control or active comparators. Primary outcome measures were child behavior checklist (CBCL), Conners' rating scale (CRS), inattention and impulsivity measurement, ADHD rating scale-IV, SWAN (strengths and weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and normal behaviors), and parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF). The ranking of treatment efficacy was based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Family MBT was the most effective intervention for reducing CBCL scores (mean difference (MD) = -5.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.65 to -2.33, p = 0.001) and inattention symptoms (MD = -8.88, 95% CI: -13.50 to -4.26, p < 0.001), ranking highest in effectiveness. BPT (face-to-face) showed the greatest improvement in CRS scores, though not statistically significant (MD = -6.15, 95% CI: -14.49 to 2.19, p = 0.148). Concerning parenting and family outcomes, BPT had the highest probability (65.9%) of reducing parental stress, while usual care was the least effective (69.2%). SUCRA values indicated MBT interventions (family MBT, online MBP, family-based mindfulness intervention (FBMI)) consistently ranked among the most effective treatments for ADHD symptoms, while control groups consistently ranked lowest. This network meta-analysis supports MBT and BPT as effective non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD. Family MBT was particularly effective for inattention and hyperactivity, while BPT significantly reduced parenting stress. However, the findings need to be confirmed through further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.

To comprehensively review the available literature on prehabilitation and rehabilitation exercise, nutrition, and psychological support interventions for patients with kidney cancer (KC), to summarise the clinically relevant efficacy and cost-effectiveness of interventions, to expose key knowledge gaps, and to inform future investigations and initiatives. This review was performed according to the per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing programmes of prehabilitation or rehabilitation, exercise, psychological support, or nutrition components in patients with KC or KC caregivers from January 2004 to March 2022. Statistically significant positive (SS+) and negative (SS-) results were summarised. The systematic search yielded 10 968 records including 18 RCTs, involving 2774 unique subjects, 706 of whom were KC patients/survivors. None included caregivers or assessed cost-effectiveness. Two interventions were implemented before surgery, one was implemented prior to initiation of systemic therapy, eight were implemented during systemic or radiation therapy, three were implemented after treatment, while implementation time was not specified for four interventions. Most (14/18) RCTs involving exercise, nutrition, psychological support, or prehabilitative or rehabilitative programmes for KC performed to date demonstrated SS+ results. The evidence was most robust regarding previously evaluated psychological support, especially mindfulness-based interventions (9/10 studies demonstrating SS+ improvement in primary outcomes), followed by therapeutically valid exercise with/without psychological support (5/8 RCTs demonstrated efficacy), then nutrition or pharmacological interventions (2/5 demonstrated efficacy). Level 1 evidence supports counselling patients and referral to mindfulness-based psychological therapy along with physical therapy or physical medicine and rehabilitation, as well as consideration of preoperative carbohydrate drinks. No studies have examined impact on caregivers, or cost-effectiveness, which are both critical areas for future study.

To explore the effect of mindfulness-based complementary alternative therapy on physical and mental stress, self-efficacy, and coping styles of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. This was a retrospective study. This study included 80 breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in Hefei Cancer Hospital Breast Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences from May 2023 to December 2024. They were equally allocated to two cohorts (n= 40 per group) using randomization. The control cohort received standard postoperative care, while the experimental cohort was provided with mindfulness-based complementary interventions(MBIs) integrated into conventional nursing protocols. The intervention period was eight weeks. SAS, SDS, VAS, GSES and MCMQ were used to evaluate the effects of the two groups before and after intervention, and the total satisfaction(NSNS) of the two groups was evaluated. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower levels of anxiety(SAS), depression(SDS), and pain perception(VAS) (all P< 0.05). Post-intervention analyses revealed a notable increase in self-efficacy(GSES) within the intervention cohort relative to controls(P< 0.05). Additionally, the intervention group exhibited enhanced coping strategies, with higher scores in "confrontation," "avoidance," and "compromise" domains compared to the control group(P< 0.05). Regarding satisfaction outcomes, the intervention group achieved an overall satisfaction rate of 97.50%, surpassing the control group's 85.00%(P< 0.05). Eight weeks of mindfulness-based complementary alternative therapy for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery can effectively relieve postoperative stress responses, enhance their self-efficacy, and optimize coping strategies, which should be promoted in clinical practice.

Improving population well-being is increasingly recognized as a global priority, yet evidence on the comparative effectiveness of well-being-focused interventions in adults is fragmented. Here we conduct a preregistered systematic review and network meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023403480) of randomized controlled trials evaluating well-being interventions in adults without diagnosed conditions. Searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and Scopus (to March 2023) identified 183 trials (n = 22,811). Interventions included mindfulness-based, compassion-based, acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology interventions, as well as exercise, yoga, educational, nature-based programmes and combined exercise-psychological approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and data were synthesized using random-effects network meta-analysis. Most interventions improved well-being compared with inactive controls. Combined exercise-psychological interventions produced the largest effect (standardized mean difference of 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 1.20). Mindfulness, compassion, single positive psychology, yoga and exercise interventions demonstrated moderate, consistent effects (standardized mean difference of 0.41-0.49), with no significant differences between interventions. Nature-based interventions were not significantly more effective than controls, but evidence was limited by conceptual and methodological heterogeneity. Risk of bias was frequently moderate to high, and funnel plot asymmetry suggested potential publication bias. However, multiple sensitivity analyses (including grey literature, excluding studies with high risk of bias and small studies) supported the robustness of overall conclusions. Most comparisons (71%) were rated as moderate in certainty of evidence using CINEMA. These findings provide an integrated synthesis of the well-being intervention literature and highlight priority areas for future interdisciplinary, methodologically robust research. No external funding was received.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy and emotion-focused therapy on pain perception in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test–post-test control group structure. The statistical population consisted of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who referred to a specialized heart clinic in Rasht, Iran, during the first quarter of 2025. Sixty eligible participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness-based therapy, emotion-focused therapy, and a control group. The interventions were conducted over nine weekly sessions, while the control group received only routine medical care. Data were collected using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, which measures total, sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous pain perception. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni and Tukey post-hoc tests with SPSS version 26. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant main effects of time and group on total pain perception (F = 14.25, p &lt; 0.001, η² = 0.20) and on the sensory (F = 9.87, p = 0.003), affective (F = 8.45, p = 0.005), and evaluative (F = 11.32, p = 0.001) subdimensions of pain. Bonferroni post-hoc tests confirmed significant reductions in total pain scores in both the mindfulness-based (ΔM = 7.59, p = 0.001) and emotion-focused (ΔM = 8.10, p &lt; 0.001) experimental groups compared to pre-test values, whereas no significant changes were found in control groups. Tukey comparisons showed no significant difference between the two therapies (p = 0.623), indicating comparable effectiveness. Both mindfulness-based and emotion-focused therapies significantly reduced pain perception in patients with cardiovascular diseases, demonstrating equivalent effectiveness in modulating sensory, affective, and evaluative dimensions of pain through cognitive and emotional regulation mechanisms.

The conceptual framework aimed to investigate how contemporary Western psychotherapy techniques and Indian psychology, as represented by the idea of chakras, merge. Research work exists that integrates Western psychological theories with Chakras; however, the inclusion of psychotherapies is yet to be explored more in the counseling literature. In this paper, we propose a selective review of psychotherapies with respect to the Chakra system, with a focus on cognitive behavioral therapy, Mindfulness-based therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and art-based therapy, highlighting the concepts of self-awareness, psychological well-being, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and emotional balance among people. For this, secondary data was gathered using journals, research articles, and books. The paper highlights the significance of integrating chakra philosophy, derived from Vedic literature, into our understanding of mental health. By harnessing these ancient teachings, we can formulate comprehensive strategies that foster holistic mental well-being. This integration not only aims to enhance individual wellness but also strives to cultivate a more inclusive and empathetic practice, ultimately better addressing the diverse needs of each individual. In doing so, we can bridge the gap between traditional wisdom and contemporary mental health practices, creating a supportive environment that nurtures all aspects of a person’s health. Such integration of Indian concepts into psychological practice responds to the changing demands of a diverse global society.

Cognitive fusion, a key construct in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), describes the overidentification with internal thoughts that compromises psychological flexibility and contributes to maladaptive emotion regulation. Cognitive defusion techniques aim to reduce this entanglement, promoting adaptive functioning and improved mental health. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) across diverse populations, focusing on reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Data were drawn from three studies involving individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and non-clinical meditators. In Study 1, regular meditators (N = 779) completed the original English CFQ. Study 2 assessed the German version (CFQ-D) in patients with SSD (N = 123). Study 3, a randomized controlled trial (N = 38), evaluated the CFQ-D's sensitivity to mindfulness-based group therapy (MBGT). Internal consistency, correlations with the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ), and pre-post changes were analyzed. The English CFQ showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94) and strong negative correlations with the SMQ (r = -0.67). The CFQ-D demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.92) and moderate negative correlations with SMQ (r = -0.30). In Study 3, participants receiving mindfulness-based therapy showed reduced cognitive fusion over time. The CFQ is a reliable, valid measure of cognitive fusion across clinical and non-clinical samples.

Analysis of Trauma-Informed and Trauma-Sensitive Mindfulness-based Yoga Therapies.

Protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia in Black women.

Abstract Mindfulness is foundational to Constructed Awareness ( ca ), a therapeutic model designed to support clients in building resources and processing trauma. ca integrates mindfulness into its structured framework, emphasizing three building blocks of experience: mental, sensation, and external. This paper examines how ca conceptualizes and applies mindfulness, compares it with other mindfulness-based therapies, and illustrates its clinical application through a case example. Clinical implications and future research directions highlight ca ’s contributions to trauma-informed care.